With the rapid advancement of AI computation, the ever-increasing power in the low-voltage domain limits the scaling down of high-Q inductors, which poses significant integration challenges for power conversion. In this article, a family of cross-connected Stacked-Ladder resonant switched-capacitor converter (ReSC) topologies (X-ReLA) achieves an optimal balance between switching loss and conduction (DCR) loss using the proposed Cross-Phase Charge Converging technique. With the proposed phase-shift control technique, the X-ReLA achieves a continuously scalable non-nominal voltage conversion ratio (VCR) to accommodate input-voltage fluctuations in the uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The dual-phase prototype directly converts a 9-15-V intermediate bus voltage (IBV) to a 1.5-2.5-V core voltage, achieving a peak efficiency of 98.2% at 1 A. The efficiency remains above 84% up to 9 A, even with a 35-mΩ inductor DCR, making it well-suited for high-performance computing (HPC) applications with stringent size constraints. Furthermore, the proposed X-ReLA can achieve an extended VCR and reduced IBV IR-drop loss via flip-flop LC tanks.

This article presents a volumetric integrated voltage regulator (IVR) based on a switched-capacitor-stack-inductor (SCSL) architecture that employs a holistic topology-control-package codesign to overcome the hardware and efficiency bottlenecks of conventional asymmetric multiinductor designs. Based on a discrete-time state-space model, a rigorous root-locus analysis reveals that a rudimentary single voltage-mode control loop can simultaneously ensure stable output regulation and improve flying-capacitor voltage self-balancing. This inherent capability relies solely on low-speed DC node sampling, eliminating the high-speed switching-node sensing overhead. For transient optimization, an auxiliary-assisted gain boosting (AAGB) technique temporarily reuses existing switching nodes to inject supplemental current during load step-up events, reducing the transient voltage droop and settling time by 41% and 24%, respectively, without destabilizing capacitor charge. Furthermore, a topology-structured handshake drive (TSHD) technique leverages the intrinsic DC voltage rails to balance switch-voltage stresses, enabling the safe utilization of low-voltage, high-performance transistors to optimize the switch $V {\,}\times {\,}A$ metric under a 5-V input while maintaining structural scalability for higher inputs. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process and assembled in a flip-chip chip-scale package (FCCSP) with integrated passive devices (IPDs), the prototype attains a total current density of 0.73 A/mm3 and demonstrates the highest degree of integration among state-of-the-art (SOTA) designs.

The Chinese dietary structure has experienced remarkable shifts over the last decade, yet a comprehensive and spatially granular assessment of essential nutrient intake remains limited. This study systematically evaluates the differences and trends of nutrient intake across China. Using data from the Chinese Statistical Yearbook (2016-2021), we assessed the intake of 13 essential nutrients and the Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF9.3) to compare dietary quality between urban and rural regions. The results showed nutrient intake generally increased, with NRF9.3 rising by 11%-20% over five years. Notably, calcium and vitamin A intakes remained substantially below recommendations (by 38% and 54%, respectively), whereas magnesium, zinc, iron, and vitamin C exceeded recommended levels by 20%-88%. Urban residents showed higher intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium, but lower overall NRF9.3 scores than their rural counterparts. Scenario analysis suggested that a healthy diet requires more vegetables, fruits, and dairy, and less meat, grains, and sugar. Our analysis revealed that the nutrient intake in China improved significantly, however large inequalities between urban and rural residents across regions persisted. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and provide a scientific basis for shaping public health strategies to enhance diet equity and quality in China.

Widespread paddy field acidification in China has made many medium- and low-yield fields unsustainable due to excessive fertilization. This study determined optimal NPK fertilizer quotas for rice production in Chongqing by integrating yield levels with principles of matching total nitrogen (N), maintaining soil phosphorus (P), and adjusting potassium (K) to yield. Results showed recommended NPK quotas ranged from 104 to 185 kg N/ha, 44–84 kg P₂O₅/ha, and 18–35 kg K₂O/ha (lower limits) to 143–224 kg N/ha, 50–98 kg P₂O₅/ha, and 56–111 kg K₂O/ha (upper limits). Implementation of these quotas could reduce fertilizer use by 1,862 tons of N, 524 tons of P₂O₅, and 1,275 tons of K₂O, with the highest reduction potential in low-yield regions (2,109 tons N, 654 tons P₂O₅, and 268 tons K₂O). Notably, low-yield rice paddy fields exhibited significantly higher fertilizer application rates than medium- and high-yield fields. Excessive N and P use increases soil acidification, reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and water eutrophication, exacerbating soil degradation. To address these issues, we propose revised N and P quotas (104–141 kg N/ha and 44–60 kg P₂O₅/ha), which reduced Nr loss, GHG emissions, soil acidification potential (SAP), and water eutrophication potential (WEP) by 18, 6, 18, and 14%, respectively. This study proposes new NPK fertilizer application thresholds tailored to mitigating agricultural land degradation while improving agricultural productivity.

To develop an effective approach to inhibit Botrytis cinerea, a new biocontrol strain, Pseudomonas chlororaphis ZL3, was screened and exhibited excellent biocontrol potential. Nevertheless, the antifungal mechanism of P. chlororaphis volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against B. cinerea is still unclear. In this study, VOCs emitted from P. chlororaphis ZL3 were found to have potent inhibitory effects on mycelium growth, conidia germination, and sclerotium formation. Subsequently, the antifungal mechanism was revealed via the biophysical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis. Compared to the control groups, the relative conductivities increased dramatically, while the ergosterol content decreased sharply, determining that VOCs could enhance cell membrane permeability and destroy cell membrane integrity. Additionally, VOCs could also inhibit ATPase activity and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, thereby adversely interfering with energy metabolism. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly reduced in B. cinerea mycelia, presenting the impairment of the antioxidant defense mechanism. Furthermore, most of the differential expression genes (DEGs) were involved in lipid metabolism, membrane transport, energy production, and conversion, indicating that the VOCs might affect the structure and function of cell membranes and energy metabolism. The differential metabolites were mainly involved in the alteration of amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Together, these findings provide valuable insights into the molecular responses of B. cinerea to P. chlororaphis ZL3 VOCs and support the potential development of novel biological fumigants.IMPORTANCEBiological control is a sustainable alternative way for the control of gray mold. The volatile organic compounds emitted from Pseudomonas chlororaphis ZL3 had high inhibitory activity against Botrytis cinerea, but the antifungal mechanism is largely unknown. This study attempted to interpret the comprehensive antifungal mechanism, providing a theoretical foundation for the application of volatile organic compound (VOC)-mediated biological fumigants in the future.

"Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization Technology (STFFT)" and "Straw Returning (SR)" are two key agricultural practices currently being implemented in China. However, prior fragmented studies have failed to offer a comprehensive quantitative analysis of integrating these technologies into Chongqing's staple and oilseed cropping systems. This study addresses this gap by conducting 128 site-year field comparative experiments, covering more than 80

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are critical to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching losses. However, the efficacy of different NIs can be highly variable across soils and crop types, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic basis of this efficiency variation, especially in purple soil under vegetable production, is lacking. To enrich this knowledge gap, the impact of different NIs amendment (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP; dicyandiamide, DCD; nitrapyrin, NP) on nitrification and the microbial mechanistic basis of controlling nitrate (NO3--N) leaching of vegetable purple soil was explored in southwest China. The results showed that DCD and NP effect is dose-dependent, with 10% DCD, 1% DMPP and 1% NP were found to be optimal for nitrification inhibition in vegetable purple soil. When compared with the control treatment without NIs amendments, DCD, DMPP and NP reduced NO3--N leaching by 26.3%, 30.6% and 19.2%, respectively. It was noteworthy that NO3--N leaching inhibition was mediated predominantly by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance. DCD, NP and DMPP incorporation decreased the AOB abundance by 39.8%, 73.2% and 51.4% and suppressed the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity by 22.2%, 36.8% and 28.7%, respectively, in comparison with the control treatment without NIs amendments. DMPP inhibited AOB abundance and AMO activity much more than DCD and NP. DMPP also significantly decreased AOB alpha diversity and altered their community structure, whereas DCD and NP had no significant effect. The mantel test indicated that AOB abundance and AMO activity are strongly correlated with NO3--N leaching rate. These results show that soil application of 1% DMPP effectively mitigates NO3--N leaching from sub-tropical alkaline purple vegetable soil. This study also expanded our mechanistic understanding of NO3--N leaching and its regulators in an alkaline soil vegetable production system with N fertilizer and NI inputs.

Root rot, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most destructive diseases and leads to significant economic loss of Astragalus membranaceus. To develop an effective strategy for the management of this serious disease, a bacterial strain 2-12 was screened from A. membranaceus rhizosphere soil and identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis based on the phylogenetic analyses of gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) and RNA polymerase gene (rpoB) sequences. Interestingly, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by B. paralicheniformis 2-12 exhibited potent antifungal activities against F. oxysporum, as well as fifteen other plant pathogens. Under scanning electron microscopy observation, hyphae treated with the VOCs exhibited abnormal variation such as distortion, twist, and vesiculation, leading to distinctive protoplasm shrinkage. After treatment with B. paralicheniformis 2-12 VOCs, the lesion diameter and disease incidence both reduced significantly compared to control (p < 0.05), thus demonstrating prominent biological efficiency. Moreover, B. paralicheniformis 2-12 VOCs were composed of 17 VOCs, including 9 alkanes, 3 alcohols, 3 acids and esters, 1 aromatic compound, and 1 alkyne compound. A total of 1945 DEGs, including 1001 up-regulated and 944 down-regulated genes, were screened via transcriptome analysis. These DEGs were mainly associated with membranes and membrane parts, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. The findings in this work strongly suggested that B. paralicheniformis 2-12 VOCs could be applied as a new candidate for the control of A. membranaceus root rot.

C25H22F12LuNO8, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 10.4573(2) Å, b = 19.4072(3) Å, c = 15.7199(2) Å, β = 103.842(2)°, V = 3097.66(9) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0912, wRref (F 2) = 0.0921, T = 150 K.

Codonopsis pilosula, an important genuine herb in Shanxi Province, is generally named Lu Dangshen, and is wellknown for its high medicinal value. In 2023, Fusarium wilt, a newly observed severe disease on C. pilosula, is responsible for approximately 40% incidence in the field. It was noticed that the diseased C. pilosula roots were usually asymptomatic on the surface. The typical symptoms were vascular discoloration, wilt, and leaves chlorosis. A total of 87 Fusarium isolates were isolated from diseased samples, and identified as Fusarium oxysporum based on morphological features and partial sequences analyses of internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1 alpha) and endopolygalacturonase 1 (pg1). Of the 87 Fusarium oxysporum isolates, the causal agents were separated into three distinct groups (Groups I, II and III). The virulence of each F. oxysporum isolate to C. pilosula was determined by measuring the disease incidence and Fusarium wilt severity. All the 87 Fusarium oxysporum isolates could cause typical symptoms similar to that originally appeared on diseased plants, and present significantly different pathogenic to C. pilosula. All tested isolates were highly sensitive to jinggangmycin, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil and epoxiconazole (EC50 < 10 mu g/mL), and insensitive to iprodione and hymexazol. Additionally, F. oxysporum isolates have a low risk for fungicide resistance to jinggangmycin, iprodione and epoxiconazole. Thus, jinggangmycin and epoxiconazole should be recommended for the control of this disease. Our finding in this study should be useful for the understanding of Fusarium wilt of C. pilosula caused by F. oxysporum.

Triadimefon, a type of triazole systemic fungicide, has been extensively used to control various fungal diseases. However, triadimefon could lead to severe environmental pollution, and even threatens human health. To eliminate triadimefon residues, a triadimefon-degrading bacterial strain TY18 was isolated from a long-term polluted site and was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei. Strain TY18 could grow well in a carbon salt medium with triadimefon as the sole nitrogen source, and could efficiently degrade triadimefon. Under triadimefon stress, a total of 430 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 197 up-regulated and 233 down-regulated DEGs, were identified in strain TY18 using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Functional classification and enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, small molecule and pyrimidine metabolism. Interestingly, the DEGs encoding monooxygenase and hydrolase activity acting on carbon–nitrogen were highly up-regulated, might be mainly responsible for the metabolism in triadimefon. Our findings in this work suggest that strain E. hormaechei TY18 could efficiently degrade triadimefon for the first time. They provide a great potential to manage triadimefon biodegradation in the environment successfully.

Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soil-borne disease in the world. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas, and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF-1α) sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%) and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fudioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of S. baicalensis root rot in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.

In this study, we sought to quantify the effect of planting structure change on fertilizer input and environmental cost in Chongqing and develop scientific and rational strategies for chemical fertilizer reduction. Based on the crop fertilizer quota standard and large sample farmer survey data under the medium productivity level in Chongqing, we evaluated and analyzed the application reduction potential and environmental benefits of fertilizer with the difference method and life cycle assessment. The results showed that:① since Chongqing became a municipality directly under the central government (1997), Chongqing crop planting structure had greatly changed, and the proportion of food crop (rice, corn, wheat, bean, and potato) decreased by 21%. The area of fruits and vegetables increased from 3.36×105 hm2 to 1.05×106 hm2, and their proportion increased by 20%. ② Nearly 55% of fertilizers had been consumed by vegetable (37%) and citrus production systems, and 11%, 12%, and 12% of fertilizers were consumed by rice, corn, and potato, respectively. ③ The total fertilizer reduction of the Chongqing planting industry could reach up to 1.69×105 tons during the period of "the 14th Five-Year Plan," with a fertilizer reduction potential of 18.6%. The fertilizer reduction potential (reduction amount) of rice, corn, citrus, and vegetables would reach 0.3% (2.9×102 tons), 12% (1.45×104 tons), 21% (3.65×104 tons), and 30% (1.18×105 tons), respectively. On the other hand, the rape system was insufficient in phosphorus potassium fertilizers, and the corn tended to be insufficient in potash fertilizer. ④ The current production level was low, and the nitrogen loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication potential in the planting industry of Chongqing reached 1.81×105 tons (N), 1.43×107 tons (CO2-eq), and 1.74×105 tons (PO4-eq). With the increase in the realization degree of the crop quota standard (60%-100%), the reactive nitrogen loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and eutrophication potential decreased by 14.9%-24.9%, 10.1%-16.7%, and 13.8%-23%, respectively. The structure of the planting industry in Chongqing significantly changed, the total fertilizer consumption in Chongqing tended to decline gradually, and the fertilization intensity of commercial crops stayed at a high level. The agricultural fertilizer reduction potential and the reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gas emission reduction potential were large, especially for citrus and vegetable production systems. However, it is also necessary to pay attention to insufficient corn potash fertilizer and rape phosphorus potassium fertilizer investment and carry out collaborative promotion of fertilizer reduction.

Codonopsis pilosula, an important traditional Chinese herb, widely cultivated in Shanxi, Gansu, and Guizhou Province of China. In 2023, Fusarium wilt, a newly observed severe disease on Codonopsis pilosula, is responsible for approximately 40% incidence in the field. It is notice that the diseased plants were usually asymptomatic in the early stage, and rapidly developed vascular discoloration, wilt, and leaves chlorosis. Two isolates (DS1 and DS2) were isolated from diseased samples, and identified as Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium oxysporum based on morphological features and partial sequences analyses of internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA), translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) and mitochondrial small subunit rDNA (mtSSU). Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis was used to confirm the identification. Pathogenicity tests results showed that DS1 and DS2 were both pathogenic to Codonopsis pilosula, and caused typical symptoms similar to that originally appeared on diseased Codonopsis pilosula at 7 days after inoculation. Our finding in this study should be useful for the understanding of Fusarium wilt of Codonopsis pilosula caused by F. equiseti and F. oxysporum.

Global warming has driven the expansion of cultivated land to high-altitude areas. Intensive vegetable production, which is generally considered to be a high economic value and high environmental risk system, has expanded greatly in high-altitude mountainous areas of China. However, the environmental cost of vegetable production in these areas is poorly understood. In this study, pepper production at low (traditional pepper production area) and high (newly expanded area) altitudes were investigated in Shizhu, a typical pepper crop area. The output and environmental cost at the two altitudes were identified. the influence of resource inputs, climate, and soil properties on pepper production was evaluated. There were obvious differences in output and environmental cost between the two altitudes. High-altitude pepper production achieved a 16.2% lower yield, and had a higher fertilizer input, resulting in a 22.3% lower net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB), 23.0% higher nitrogen (N) footprint and 24.0% higher carbon (C) footprint compared to low-altitude farming. There is potential for environmental mitigation with both high- and low-altitude pepper production; Compared to average farmers, high-yield farmers groups reduced their N and C footprints by 16.9–24.8% and 18.3–25.2%, respectively, with 30.6–34.1% higher yield. A large increase in yield could also be achieved by increasing the top-dress fertilizer rate and decreasing the plant density. Importantly, high-altitude pepper production was achieved despite less advanced technology and inferior conditions (e.g., a poor road system and uneven fields). It provides a reference for the study of the environmental cost of other high-altitude regions or other crop systems at high-altitude areas.

Intensive vegetable production has been characterized by high nitrogen (N) fertilizer input in southwest China. Optimizing the N fertilizer rate is the basis for the optimal management of regional N fertilizer. A two-year field experiment with five N fertilizer rates was conducted during 2019–2021 in southwest China, and the aim of this study was to identify the effects of different N application rates on yield, dry matter biomass (DMB), N uptake, N use efficiency (NUE) and soil mineral N (Nmin) residues for Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) and further determine the critical plant N concentration and root-zone soil Nmin residues required to reach the maximum DMB of Chinese cabbage. Five N treatments were established: control without N input (CK); optimal N fertilizer rate decreased by 30% (70% OPT, 175 kg N ha−1), optimized N fertilizer rate (OPT, 250 kg N ha−1), optimal N fertilizer rate increased by 30% (130% OPT, 325 kg N ha−1) and farmers’ N fertilizer practice (FP, 450 kg N ha−1). The N source in all treatments was conventional urea (N ≥ 46.2%). The results showed that the total yield of Chinese cabbage followed a “linear-plateau” trend with an increasing N fertilizer rate. There was no significant difference in yield between the OPT, 130% OPT and FP treatments. The aboveground plant DMB and N uptake showed a ‘slow-fast-slow’ pattern with the growth period. There was no significant difference in aboveground plant DMB and N uptake between the OPT, 130% OPT and FP treatments. Moreover, the OPT treatment significantly increased the aboveground plant DMB and N accumulation by 29.6% and 40.5%, respectively, compared with the 70% OPT treatment. The OPT treatment significantly increased the NUE by 23.8%, 31.2% and 43.1% compared with that in the 70% OPT, 130% OPT and FP treatments, respectively. The linear-plateau model provided the best fit for the relationship among aboveground DMB of Chinese cabbage, plant N concentration and root-zone soil Nmin content. The critical root-zone soil Nmin and plant N concentrations were 94.1, 63.4 and 68.3 kg ha−1 and 34.4, 33.5 and 32.9 g kg−1 during the rosette, heading and harvest periods, respectively. In summary, compared to the FP treatment, the optimized N fertilizer rate (250 kg N ha−1) could significantly reduce the N application rate, maintain yield, increase aboveground plant DMB and N uptake, and improve NUE. Moreover, the study has great significance for guiding the green utilization of vegetable N fertilizer in southwest China.

[目的]分离筛选得到一株三唑醇降解菌株,完成菌株鉴定并对其降解特性进行分析.[方法]通过富集驯化法从三唑醇长期污染土壤中筛选三唑醇降解菌株,基于形态学特征、生理生化特性及16S rRNA和gyrB序列分析,对菌株进行鉴定.利用紫外分光光度计测定菌株生长量与三唑醇降解率的关系;并采用单因素试验探究不同温度、pH值及接种量对三唑醇降解作用的影响.[结果]从土壤中分离得到一株可降解三唑醇的细菌菌株M1,经鉴定为产酸克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella oxytoca).以三唑醇100 mg/L为初始质量浓度,28℃振荡培养7 d后,菌株的生长量OD600为0.2110,菌株M1对三唑醇的降解率为70.23％.该菌的最适降解温度为28℃,最适降解pH值为4,最适降解接种量为1％.[结论]产酸克雷伯氏菌M1可有效降解三唑醇,为三唑醇农药的降解提供了新的微生物资源.

Triadimefon, a type of triazole systemic fungicide, has been extensively used to control various fungal diseases. However, extensive application of triadimefon contributes to austere environmental pollution, and even threatens human health. To eliminate triadimefon residue, triadimefon-degrading bacterial strain TY18 was isolated from a long-term polluted site, and identified as Enterobacter hormaechei . Strain TY18 could grew well in carbon salt medium (CSM) with triadimefon as sole nitrogen source, and could significantly degrade triadimefon as well as other eight triazole compounds under the conditions of temperature 30.11°C, pH 7.14 and biomass amount 1.20 g/L. Moreover, the degradation pathways of triadimefon by strain TY18 were firstly proposed mainly through hydrogenation reduction and triazole ring cleavage. Under triadimefon stress, a total of 4822 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found from transcriptome sequencing. Interestingly, the DEGs encoding monooxygenase and hydrolase activity acting on carbon-nitrogen were highly up-regulated, might be mainly responsible for the metabolism in triadimefon. The finding in this work suggested that the novel strain E. hormaechei TY18 could degrade efficiently triadimefon through nitrogen metabolism for the first time, and demonstrated great potential for the biodegradation of triadimefon in the environment.

The new-generation high-speed fighter aircraft primarily utilizes the internal weapons bay structure. When the bay door opens, the level of acoustic load on the structure panel could reach more than 170 dB. As a result, the problem of sonic fatigue is evident in the internal structures of the weapon bay. Nowadays, when conducting ground test, an acoustic noise loading greater than 170 dB is difficult and uneconomic to apply because of limited noise generation ability. An equivalence technique based on the modal superimposition approach and a pseudo-excitation method has been developed to mimic the acoustic loading into an equivalent vibration excitation, and a procedure based on FEM code has been implemented. A single laminated plate structure and a typical built-up panel specimen from internal weapons bay were taken for validation. The results indicate that the response under the derived equivalent vibration excitation shows a good consistency with an error of less than 1% with that under the acoustic load in simulation, while with an error less than 10% in alternative vibration test.

Root rot, caused by several pathogens, is one of the most devastating diseases on Astragalus membranaceus, and can lead to serious yield loss. Fusarium acuminatum and F. solani are known to be major pathogens causing root rot of A. membranaceus in Shanxi Province, China. It is well-known that accurate identification of the pathogen and early diagnosis of the symptoms play a significantly important role to control this disease in the early or mid-term stage. Here, two new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays were developed to detect F. acuminatum and F. solani based on the partial translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α) gene region. The LAMP products were successfully assessed by visual assessment using SYBR Green I, as well as electrophoresis on 2.0% agarose gel. The LAMP reactions for F. acuminatum and F. solani were performed under the optimized conditions of 63 °C and 62 °C for 60 min, respectively. The detection limit of LAMP assay was 100 fg/μL for F. acuminatum and 1 pg/μL for F. solani. Additionally, the two LAMP assays are highly specific to target Fusarium species, and could differentiate F. acuminatum and F. solani from other Fusarium species. In the field, the suspected diseased samples were used to verify the feasibility of the developed assays. As a result, the two rapid and specific LAMP assays could be applied for direct detection of F. acuminatum and F. solani on A. membranaceus, and precise diagnosis of A. membranaceus root rot caused by F. acuminatum and F. solani.