The problem on congestion communication control for double-router TCP/AQM network systems is investigated. By employing the idea on the window model of single-router TCP/AQM network system, a double-router TCP/AQM network system model is constructed, which follows the “priority selecting, random transferring” principle of data packet transmission. By using a class of state transformation, the state space model of a nonlinear system with lower triangle form is obtained. An active queue management congestion control algorithm for double-router network system is proposed by using the backstepping design method. An innovated state feedback controller is designed to make the TCP/AQM network system asymptotically stable. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

This work aimed to improve the functional properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and develop SPI incorporated yogurt. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the HHP treatment parameters, including pressure, holding time, and the ratio of SPI/water. Water holding capacity, emulsifying activity index, solubility, and hardness of SPI gels were evaluated as response variables. The optimized HPP treatment conditions were 281 MPa of pressure, 18.92 min of holding time, and 1:8.33 of SPI/water ratio. Water and oil holding capacity, emulsifying activity, and stability of SPI at different pH were improved. Additionally, relative lipoxygenase (LOX) activity of HHP treated SPI (HHP-SPI) was decreased 67.55 ± 5.73%, but sulphydryl group content of HHP-SPI was increased 12.77%, respectively. When incorporating 8% of SPI and HHP-SPI into yogurt, the water holding capacity and rheological properties of yogurt were improved in comparison with yogurt made of milk powders. Moreover, HHP-SPI incorporated yogurt appeared better color and flavor.

The problem of finite-time attitude-tracking control (ATC) for a rigid spacecraft subject to inertial uncertainties, external disturbances, actuator saturations and faults is addressed. First, a fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) manifold is constructed to improve robustness. Second, the fuzzy logic system (FLS) is integrated into the manifold derivative to deal with the lumped unknown function. The specific assumptions about uncertainties in most of the existing achievements are no longer needed. Combining the FNTSM and fuzzy approximation techniques, an enhanced fault-tolerant control scheme is developed. Compared to almost all finite-time ATC results based on FLS or neural network, a new Proof line is proposed to prove that the approximation errors are finite-time stable instead of asymptotically stable. Therefore, the attitude controller presented herein guarantees the real finite-time stability in a complete sense. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the solution, and comparisons with related works are displayed.

Gain of input-output is an important robust performance of dynamical systems. Impulse-peak gain can be described as the peak (maximum amplitude of system output) under unit impulse input. This paper focuses on the computation of impulse-peak gain based on Lyapunov stability theory and LMI (linear matrix inequality). A necessary and sufficient convex condition is proposed by solving GEVP (generalized eigenvalue problem). Numerical examples show efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

End-to-end speech recognition system is a major research field in speech recognition. The most typical model is the end-to-end speech recognition system based on CTC where RNN mining to and time sequence information are adopted, and a series of assumptions of HMM are discarded to obtain a good recognition rate. However, the CTC-based model is more dependent on the speech model and have a longer training cycle. Therefore, in the framework of traditional acoustic model, this paper proposes to train a feature extraction network of spectrogram based on attention mechanism by using prior knowledge. Firstly, it was spliced in the front end based on CTC model, and then the number of layers of cyclic neural network based on CTC model was reduced. Finally, it was combined to retrain. The experimental results show that the training time of the combined model is effectively reduced, and the accuracy of speech recognition is further improved.

The present study aims to design a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)-inspired structured membrane (phospholipid- and protein-rich) for microencapsulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oil. DHA-enriched oil emulsions were prepared using different ratios of sunflower phospholipid (SPL), proteins [whey protein concentrate (WPC), soy protein isolate (SPI), and sodium caseinate (SC)], and maltodextrin and spray-dried to obtain DHA microcapsules. The prepared DHA oil emulsions have nanosized particles. SPLs were found to affect the secondary structure of WPC, which resulted in increased exposure of the protein hydrophobic site and emulsion stability. SPL also reduced the surface tension and viscosity of the DHA oil emulsions. In vitro digestion of the spray-dried DHA microcapsules showed that they were able to effectively resist gastric proteolysis and protect their bioactivity en route to the intestine. The DHA microcapsules have a high lipid digestibility in the small intestine with a high DHA hydrolysis efficiency (74.3%), which is higher than that of commercial DHA microcapsules.

Wheat germ (WG) is a nutritional milling byproduct of wheat with short shelf-life. This study investigated hot air-assisted radio frequency (HA-RF) stabilizing treatment of WG. Physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and nutritional quality of HA-RF stabilized WG were evaluated and compared with WG stabilized by fluidized bed heating. Results indicated HA-RF heating to 100 °C with 15-min holding at 100–105 °C or heating to 110 °C with 6-min holding at 110–115 °C reduced lipase activity to about 10%. HA-RF inactivation of lipase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and lipoxygenase was more effective in WG with initial moisture content of 14.5% or 20.0%, but less effective in WG with moisture content of 10.0%. For oils extracted from HA-RF stabilized WG with moisture content of 14.5%, peroxide and acid values were stable after storing at 25 °C for 3 days. After both HA-RF and fluidized bed stabilizations, color of WG and WG oils became darker, lipid content increased and reducing sugar content decreased, while extraction oil yield and protein content had no significant change (p > 0.05). HA-RF heating had no influence on α-tocopherol content, but fluidized bed stabilization decreased it from 299.42 mg/kg to 236.73 mg/kg. HA-RF heating had no distinct effects on amino acid and fatty acid composition. This study indicated that HA-RF heating had great potential in WG stabilization.

Positioning and anti-swing are two main tasks of bridge crane. This paper studies the bridge crane with non-constant disturbance, of which the modes of vibration is known. Feed forward-feedback control law is firstly proposed to realize position regulation with zero steady error and to optimize the swing angle. Observer-based control strategy is secondly established so that the regulation could be realized only by position signal. Model simulations show efficiency of the proposed design.

In this paper, a control algorithm based on Advantage Actor-Critic for the classical inverted pendulum system has been proposed. To enrich the observed states which are used to control, a CNN feature-based state is proposed. The direct control and the indirect control algorithms are introduced to address different control situations, such as the situation which only physical states like angle, velocity, etc. provided or the situation which only the indirect states provided like images, etc. A comparison experiment between the direct control and the indirect control algorithms based on the Advantage Actor-Critic has been evaluated. Besides, the comparison experiment with the Deep Q-Network algorithm has been performed. The experiment results show that the proposed method achieves comparable performance with the PID control algorithm and better than the Deep Q-Network based algorithm.

Stabilization treatment of rice bran (RB) for reducing enzyme activity and improving storability is a key step to develop its value-added utilization. Hot air-assisted radio frequency (HA-RF) heating was investigated as a stabilization method for RB, and associated quality attributes were evaluated and compared with samples subjected to extrusion stabilization. Results showed that two HA-RF stabilization treatments (low-temperature HA-RF: 100-105 degrees C, 15 min; high-temperature HA-RF: 110-115 degrees C, 6 min) reduced lipase and polyphenol oxidase activities to 20-30% of fresh RB. HA-RF stabilized RB was darker than that of fresh RB. HA-RF stabi-lization had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on protein, lipid, total tocotrienol and total tocopherol contents, and fatty acid composition, but reduced free phenolic content of RB. HA-RF stabilized RB also showed higher free flavonoid content, higher antioxidant ability, and less damage to the microstructure than extruded RB. This study provides useful information for making HA-RF heating as an industrial stabilization method for RB.

The purpose of applying the artificial bee colony algorithm to the traveling salesman problems pursuant to its principle is to find out solutions to the traveling salesman problems of different cities and use local search strategy to effectively make such issues less complicated, so as to optimize the path. It is necessary to analyze the correlation between the artificial bee colony algorithm and relevant algorithm parameters and the number of cities. Simulate result denotes the artificial bee colony algorithm can be applied to settle the problems of traveling salesman and is much reliable in effectiveness, usability and researchability.

This study presents a system identification method based on polynomial modulating function for fractional-order systems with a known time-delay involving input and output noises in the time domain. Based on the polynomial modulating function and fractional-order integration by parts, the identified fractional-order differential equation is transformed into an algebraic equation. By using the numerical integral formula, the least squares form for the system identification is obtained. In order to reduce the effect of noises existing in the input and output measurements, the compensation method for the input and output noises is also studied by introducing an auxiliary high-order fractional-order system in the revised identification algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation result of an illustrative example and the experimental result of temperature identification for a thermal system.

Choosing food is not a trivial decision that people need to make daily, which is often subject to social influences. Here, we studied a human homolog of social transmission of food preference (STFP) as observed in rodents and other animals via chemosignals of body secretions. Human social chemosignals (sweat) produced during a disgust or neutral state among a group of donors were presented to participants undergoing a 2-alternative-forced-choice food healthiness judgment task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Response speed and two key signal detection indices-d' (discrimination sensitivity) and β (response bias)-converged to indicate that social chemosignals of disgust facilitated food healthiness decisions, in contrast to primary disgust elicitors (disgust odors) that impaired the judgment. fMRI analyses (disgust vs. neutral sweat) revealed that the fusiform face area (FFA), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were engaged in processing social chemosignals of disgust during food judgment. Importantly, a double contrast of social signaling across modalities (olfactory vs. visual-facial expressions) indicated that the FFA and OFC exhibited preferential response to social chemosignals of disgust. Together, our findings provide initial evidence for human STFP, where social chemosignals are incorporated into food decisions by engaging social and emotional areas of the brain.

Two improved particle swarm optimization algorithms are given to overcome the defects in the commonly used particle swarm optimization. These are particle swarm optimization with nonlinear inertia weight and simulated annealing particle swarm optimization. The global search ability and local search accuracy can be optimized by introducing nonlinear inertia weight coefficients. It is well known that the particle swarm optimization has a problem that the algorithm is easily trapped into the local optimum. This paper shows that such a problem can be solved partially by combining the particle swarm optimization with simulated annealing algorithm. Autonomous moving robot path planning is given based on improved particle swarm optimization. The simulation results show the validity of the proposed improved algorithm in moving robot path planning.

The aim of the study is to prepare co-surfactant free microalgal oil microemulsions and investigate their properties as well as processing stability for food application. The physicochemical characteristics of the microemulsions were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), turbidity, conductivity, rheological measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Within the microemulsion region, when the surfactant to oil ratio was 9:1, the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) was 18 nm; when the surfactant to oil ratio was 7.5:1, the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) was 50 nm. Rheological studies proved that the microemulsion system was a pseudoplastic fluid, which followed a shear thinning flow behavior. The loss rate of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was less than 5%wt after ultra high temperature (UHT) and high temperature short time (HTST) thermal treatments. A high content of CaCl2 (10.0%wt) could not destroy the microemulsion system, and it could be stored at 4 °C for two years.

The variable step-size gradient unfalsified control algorithm is given to overcome the defects which exist in the common gradient unfalsified control algorithm. The selection of the step-size is based on inexact one-dimensional search technique. This control algorithm has two advantages: one is small computational amount and the other is that the satisfactory step-size can be achieved at each iteration. This control algorithm was applied to the Two-DOF manipulator trajectory tracking control system and the trajectory tracking controller is designed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm possesses fast convergence and accurate tracking control of manipulator is achieved by selecting the control parameters.

The quaternion theory is used to describe the attitude of spacecraft based on the analysis for several typical description methods of kinematic and dynamic equations and the system model for the attitude of spacecraft is built. The control law design for spacecraft attitude based on non-singular terminal sliding mode control algorithm is proposed using the coupling between kinematic and dynamic equations. Then it is proved that the attitude of spacecraft can converge to the target posture in finite time by finite time control theory. The simulation results approve that control law design is feasible.