为掌握广东中烟在云南原料基地调拨的烟叶质量,对2015—2019年云南红河、曲靖、文山、普洱4个烟区的烟叶化学成分和感官质量进行评价.结果表明,不同基地不同年份C3F和B2F等级烟叶的内在化学成分、感官质量以及综合品质均有不同程度的变化.4个原料基地的烟叶化学成分年际间波动较大,烟叶感官质量和综合品质不同年度间表现较为稳定,烟叶综合品质表现为,普洱安定基地较为稳定,红河东山、曲靖阿岗基地次之,文山珠琳基地变化较大.

为了解云烟100在罗平烟区的适应性,采用大田对比试验,以烟区主栽品种云烟97作为对照,分析云烟100的生长特性、抗病能力及烤后烟叶的产质量.结果表明:云烟100在罗平烟区的农艺性状表现较好,抗赤星病,易感黑胫病,初烤烟叶产值和上等烟率明显高于对照品种,每公顷产值增加5833.20元,上等烟率提高2.18个百分点,化学成分协调性较好,烟叶抽吸品质、外观质量与对照品种差异不大.可见,云烟100品种在罗平烟区的适应性较好,具有较高的经济效益,大面积推广种植潜力较大.

The physical characteristics of 380 samples (C3F,B2F 190,respectively) in nine counties of Henan tobacco leaf (four main producing areas of Xuchang city,Luohe city,Shangqiu city and Pingdingshan city) were measured. Statistical anal-ysis was conducted to determine the differences and similarities in the physical properties of tobacco leaves in the main pro-ducing areas of Henan. The results showed that the physical characteristics of tobacco leaves in different tobacco areas were different,and the leaf thickness and leaf density of the main producing areas in Henan were higher than those in the main areas. The filling value of Xuchang and Luohe was suitable,Pingdingshan and Shangqiu tobacco filling value is higher, Xuchang,Luohe,Shangqiu tobacco between the three tobacco areas are relatively close.

为明确捕食螨对烟草蓟马的防治效果,笔者调查了云南泸西中枢育苗期蓟马发生情况及种类,并对比研究了不同捕食螨释放数量、释放方式及携带微生物菌剂的防治差异.结果表明:蓟马种类主要为西花蓟马,其次为八节黄蓟马,发生高峰期在4月中旬左右;捕食螨投放100头/盘防治效果最好;均匀撒施捕食螨对蓟马防治效果显著优于开袋放置及空白对照(P＜0.05);捕食螨搭载球孢白僵菌对蓟马菌制效果最好,搭载金龟子绿僵菌与不带菌相差不大,但均显著高于空白对照(P＜0.05).

为探讨适宜临沧双江烟区烤烟主栽品种的最佳移栽期、追肥时间与留叶数,采用正交试验设计,研究了云烟87品种的移栽期、追肥时间和留叶数对烟叶化学品质和感官质量的影响.结果表明:移栽期是影响上部烟叶化学成分综合品质和感官质量综合品质的主要因子,对上部烟叶化学成分综合品质和中部烟叶感官质量综合品质具有显著影响,且获得最优品质的为A1水平,即5月1日移栽.留叶数和追肥时间分别对中部烟叶和下部烟叶的化学成分综合品质影响最大,且B2、B3水平和C2、C3水平即追肥时间为移栽后7、14 d及留叶数为18～21片时烟叶化学成分和感官质量综合品质最优.临沧双江烟区云烟87品种宜选择在5月1日移栽,移栽后7、14 d进行追肥,留叶数为18～21片较为适宜.

In order to provide practical basis and theoretical basis for the popularization and application of biodegradable film, the application of the whole biodegradable membrane in the production of flue-cured tobacco was compared with the ordinary plastic film. The results showed that the full biodegradable plastic film of T1 and T2 happened different degrees of cracking after 30 days, and the degradation rate of the above two kinds of flue-cured tobacco reached more than 70% after 150 days; Full biodegradable plastic film and ordinary plastic film can achieve the same level on the keeping a full stand of seedlings, heat preservation and moisture, it can obtain better economic traits under the premise of not affecting the normal growth of tobacco plants. Obvious that the full biodegradable plastic film not only has the function of ordinary film, able to meet the needs of the growth and development of tobacco, and the degradation rate is high, which can effectively solve the white pollution and has good social and ecological benefits and market prospects.

分析了豫中烟区8个主要植烟县的土壤物理性状和养分特性,并对其相关性进行了研究.结果表明,豫中植烟土壤的物理性状较稳定,粒级以粉粒为主,沙粒次之,黏粒含量最低,其中粉粒以粗粉粒＞细粉粒＞中粉粒;物理性黏粒含量分布为30％～60％,属于中壤土和重壤土;容重分布范围为1.05～1.17 g·cm-3,均适宜烟株根系生长;总孔隙度分布范围39.40％～70.15％,2.28％的偏低,40.57％偏高,其中禹州、郏县和叶县均值偏高.养分特性以pH值中性偏碱,有机质、全氮、碱解氮和氯离子含量适宜,速效磷和速效钾含量最适宜,但是除pH值为弱变异外,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和碱解氮为中等变异,速效磷、速效钾和氯离子含量为强变异.相关性分析表明,土壤pH值与粗沙粒、黏粒、容重呈极显著正相关,与细沙粒和粉粒呈极显著负相关;有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾与黏粒呈极显著正相关,而与沙粒、粉粒呈极显著负相关;全钾、碱解氮与孔隙度呈极显著正相关,与粗沙粒、容重呈极显著负相关;速效磷与粉粒呈显著正相关,与粗沙粒呈极显著负相关;氯离子仅与粒级0.5～0.1 mm呈显著正相关.

[Objective] This study aimed to establish mathematical models for judging the aroma types of flue-cured tobacco leaves from the upper and middle parts of plants.[Method] A total of 128 samples(63 C3F and 65 B2F) from 11 main tobacco production provinces of China were selected as materials.Stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to samples with different aroma types and discriminant function was expressed with the proportions of 67 aroma components in total aroma constituents as the index.[Result] The ratio of most aroma components in clear and full aroma tobacco leaves was higher than that in middle aroma leaves.The ratios of 51,43 and 40 aroma components of clear,middle and full aroma tobaccos were higher in upper leaves than that in middle leaves.Aroma components dominated certain aroma types differed between middle and upper leaves.The proportions of 18 and 11 aroma components in upper and middle leaves were led in the stepwise discriminant function respectively.Self-validation and cross-validation methods were applied to evaluate the original samples,and the accuracy rates reached 100% and 98.6% on middle leaves,96.37% and 94.4% on upper leaves.The accuracy rates on some other samples reached 100% on middle leaves and 91.7% on upper leaves predicted with the model.[Conclusion] The ratio of aroma components as discriminant index could improve discriminant accuracy significantly in the middle and upper leaves.It could be used to analyze aroma types objectively,accurately and quickly.

[目的]为了区分烤烟中上部叶的不同香型风格特征,并为其判断提供数学模型.[方法]以中国11个主要产烟省的63个C3F和65个B2F烟叶为材料,并以67种致香物质含量占致香物质总量的比例为指标,采用逐步判别分析的方法对不同香型烤烟样品进行判别分析,并建立判别函数.[结果]结果表明,清香型和浓香型烤烟中大部分致香物质的比例明显高于中间香型.清香型、中间香型、浓香型烤烟中分别有51、43、40种致香物质的比例表现为上部叶高于中部叶.且在不同部位烟叶中,主导某种香型的致香物质种类不同.在分别以中部叶和上部叶致香物质比例为判别指标构建判别函数时,各有18种和11种致香物质进入判别函数,采用两种验证法(自身验证法、交互验证法)对原样品进行回判,其回判正确率分别为100％、98.6％(中部叶)和96.37％、94.4％(上部叶)；采用该模型对其余的样品分别进行预测,其整体准确率为100％(中部叶)和91.7％(上部叶).[结论]采用致香物质比例作为判别指标建立的数学模型对中上部烟叶的香型判断效果较好,能够实现对烤烟香型的客观、准确和快速鉴别分析.