Abstract Background We investigated the real-world efficacy of adjuvant therapy for stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients with pathological high-risk factors. Methods Study participants were enrolled from November 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020. Clinical bias was balanced by propensity score matching. Disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify survival-associated factors. p ≤ 0.05 was the threshold for statistical significance. Results A total of 454 patients, among whom 134 (29.5%) underwent adjuvant therapy, were enrolled in this study. One hundred and eighteen of the patients who underwent adjuvant therapy were well matched with non-treatment patients. Prognostic outcomes of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the non-treatment group, as revealed by Kaplan-Meier analysis after PSM. Differences in prevention of recurrence or metastasis between the targeted therapy and chemotherapy groups were insignificant. Adjuvant therapy was found to be positive prognostic factors, tumor size and solid growth patterns were negative. Conclusions Adjuvant therapy significantly improved the DFS for stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients with high-risk factors. Larger prospective clinical trials should be performed to verify our findings.

Objective To explore the risk factors for disease progression after initial treatment of type B thymomas using a predictive nomogram model. Methods A single-center retrospective study of patients with type B thymoma was performed. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Variables with statistical and clinical significance in the multivariate Cox regression were integrated into a nomogram to establish a predictive model for disease progression. Results A total of 353 cases with type B thymoma were retrieved between January 2012 and December 2021. The median follow-up was 58 months (range: 1-128 months). The 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 91.8%. The final nomogram model included R0 resection status and Masaoka stage, with a concordance index of 0.880. Non-R0 resection and advanced Masaoka stage were negative prognostic factors for disease progression (p < 0.001). No benefits of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) were observed in patients with advanced stage and non-R0 resection (p = 0.114 and 0.284, respectively). Conclusion The best treatment strategy for type B thymoma is the detection and achievement of R0 resection as early as possible. Long-term follow-up is necessary, especially for patients with advanced Masaoka stage and who have not achieved R0 resection. No prognostic benefits were observed for PORT.

Background The treatment for bilateral synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) remains challenging. Simultaneous bilateral video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) may be an optimal treatment with curative intent, but its safety and feasibility are controversial. Methods One hundred and fifty-eight patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral VATS (simultaneous group) and 79 who underwent two-staged bilateral VATS (two-staged group) were included in this study. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Results The majority of patients were female and non-smokers. The most common surgical plan was lobectomy and contralateral wedge resection in both groups. There was no significant difference in the postoperative complication rate between the simultaneous groups and two-staged group (13.3% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.73). Patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral resection had shorter hospital stays, shorter anesthesia time and less chest drainage compared with those who underwent two-staged resection. Advanced TNM stage, complicated surgical plan and aggressive lymph node resection were risk factors for postoperative complications in simultaneous bilateral VATS. Patients in two groups had similar overall survival and disease free survival ( p = 0.2). Conclusions Simultaneous bilateral VATS for bilateral lung nodule resection is as safe and feasible as two-staged bilateral VATS. Patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral resection had similar or even better outcomes compared to that of the two-staged group. Simultaneous bilateral VATS is potentially an optimal treatment option for patients with erarly cTNM stage and good physical condition.

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)解剖性肺段切除术在同期和分期双侧肺癌手术患者中应用的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析北京协和医院胸外科2013年12月-2022年5月收治的100例应用VATS解剖性肺段切除术进行双侧手术患者的临床资料.根据手术时机将患者分为两组:同期双侧手术组52例,其中男17例、女35例,年龄(55.17±11.09)岁;分期双侧手术组48例,其中男16例、女32例,年龄(59.88±11.48)岁.对两组患者的术中情况及术后疗效进行评价.结果 100例患者均顺利完成双侧VATS手术,至少一侧行解剖性肺段切除术.同期双侧手术组患者具有年龄小(P=0.040)、合并疾病比例小(P=0.030)、肺癌家族史罕见(P=0.018)及发现至手术间期更短(P=0.000)的特点.同期双侧手术组以肺段联合楔形切除术为主,分期双侧手术组以联合肺叶切除术为主(P=0.000);同期双侧手术苏醒时间较分期一期和二期手术更长(P=0.000,P=0.002),但手术时间、麻醉时间与分期双侧手术组两次叠加时间差异无统计学意义;淋巴结采样/清扫站数(P=0.041)及个数(P=0.026)较分期双侧手术组两次叠加数量更少;两组术中气道压管理差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).同期双侧手术组出院后日常生活能力评分更低.结论 VATS解剖性肺段切除术在同期及分期双侧肺癌手术中的应用安全可行,对侧可联合亚肺叶或肺叶切除术.同期双侧手术组在手术时间和术后并发症与分期双侧手术组大致相同,但出院后日常生活能力评分更低.在综合考虑患者心理因素、身体情况及个人意愿的基础上可优先选择同期双侧手术.

Background: This study aimed to examine the treatment and prognosis of patients with type B2 + B3 thymoma and compare it with those patients with type B2 and B3 thymoma.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the results of 39 patients with type B2 + B3 thymoma, 133 patients with type B2 thymoma, and 64 patients with type B3 thymoma. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to generate survival curves. For multivariate analysis, the Cox proportional hazard model was applied.Results: With a median follow-up of 60 months (range: 1-128 months), the percentage of patients with tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage III and IV disease gradually increased from 19.5% to 25.6% to 35.9% among those with histological subtypes B2, B2 + B3, and B3, respectively, p = 0.045. Twenty-three patients experienced recurrence or metastasis. The total 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 86.0% overall (85.0% in type B2, 87.2% in type B2 + B3, and 87.5% in type B3). Age, R0 resection, and Masaoka-Koga stage were found to have a significant on PFS in all patients. There was no statistically significant difference in PFS between different histotypes of thymoma, p = 0.650. PFS was predicted by R0 resection in all histotypes and by the Masaoka-Koga stage in the type B2 subgroup.Conclusion: Combining the two staging methods to guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients with B2 + B3 thymoma is recommended. R0 resection is recommended to reduce recurrence. Patients with B2 + B3 thymoma have a prognosis similar to those with a B2 thymoma or a B3 thymoma alone.