Hydrazone-linked fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high crystallinity exhibit remarkable stability under acid-base conditions and in various organic solvents, maintaining structural integrity for cyclic utilization in sensing and adsorption processes. Consequently, developing new high-crystallinity hydrazonelinked fluorescent COFs is of significant importance. Notably, post-modification can enhance the detection diversity, selectivity, and adsorption performance of these COFs. Herein, a new hydrazone-linked fluorescent COF (namely COF-YYL) with high crystallinity was synthesized using 2,5-bis(allyloxy)terephthalohydrazide (DHzDAll) and 4,4 ',4 ''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzaldehyde (TTB) as precursors at room temperature. COF-YYL demonstrated superior characteristics including a high specific surface area (653.33 m2 center dot g- 1), good chemical and thermal stability, and dual-functionality in detecting methyl orange (MO) and Cu2+ with limits of detection (LODs) of 33 nM (2.1 ng center dot mL-1) and 1 ng center dot mL-1, respectively, and an MO adsorption capacity of 112.81 mg center dot g- 1. To increase functional diversity, COF-YYL underwent post-modification via "click" chemistry between the double bonds on DHzDAll and -SH on 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (MPS), yielding COFSO3Na. Compared with COF-YYL, COF-SO3Na exhibited a higher specific surface area (815.23 m2 center dot g-1), better dispersion performance, and richer functional group properties. Leveraging these advantages, COF-SO3Na served as a dual-function platform for detecting and adsorbing four cationic dyes including brilliant green (BG), crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB), with satisfactory LODs (170 ng center dot mL- 1) and good adsorption capacities ranging from 98.94 to 162.87 mg center dot g-1. Further, COF-YYL and COF-SO3Na were used to analyze related analytes in tap water samples, achieving satisfactory recoveries. This study introduces a new high-crystallinity hydrazone-linked fluorescent COF, along with its sulfonated material, increasing the diversity of detection and adsorption platforms.

Nitroanilines (NAs) and nitrophenols (NPs), crucial industrial raw materials, are extensively utilized across various sectors. However, the environmental pollution and health hazards stemming from their usage are significant, necessitating urgent monitoring and removal to address environmental and safety concerns. The challenge is further compounded by the presence of NAs/NPs isomers, making the selective analysis of specific isomers crucial. In response, a new post-modified fluorescent covalent organic framework (COF) termed COF@CB, exhibiting dual-emission fluorescence, was synthesized. This synthesis involved coupling a high- crystallinity fluorescent COF (COF-TTDB) with carbazole-9-ethanol (CB) via a "Williamson" reaction. COF@CB featured exceptional dual-emission fluorescence, a high specific surface area (919.4 m2 & sdot;g-1), superior thermal stability, and abundant active sites. These attributes enabled COF@CB to function as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor capable of simultaneous detection and adsorption. The distinct number and arrangement of hydrogen bond sites in NAs/NPs isomers influenced the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effects on COF@CB, thereby enabling the COF@CB-ratiometric fluorescence sensor to distinguish and selectively detect p-NA/p-NP from isomers. Analysis of actual water samples further underscored the sensor's effectiveness in detecting p-NA/ p-NP. Furthermore, the presence of multiple active sites on the COF@CB-ratiometric fluorescence sensor facilitated the adsorption of NAs/NPs, promoting the removal of them from actual samples.

The luminescence properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted significant attention for biomedical applications. However, conventional fluorescent COFs often suffer from weak fluorescence due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), limiting their utility. Given the critical need for highly efficient and sensitive biosensing tools, herein, we propose an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) COF, named COF-Bpy, with the quantum yield up to 25%. Benefiting from the active nitrogen sites within the bipyridine unit, COF-Bpy demonstrates remarkable pH monitoring capabilities across a wide pH range and displays strong coordination affinity towards Cu2+, achieving satisfactory detection and efficient adsorption of Cu2+. These properties make COF-Bpy superior in cellular pH imaging, and diagnosis&remission of copper toxicosis at both cellular and nematode levels, as it reduces the late apoptotic cells, improves nematode survival and locomotor states. Additionally, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of dynamic quenching with metal-to-ligand charge transfer is clarified. Briefly, this study not only presents a novel strategy for fabrication of AIE-COFs, but also provides a promising avenue for early diagnosis of pH-related diseases, and offers a theranostics for copper toxicosis management.

Due to their exceptional optical properties and adjustable functional characteristics, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) demonstrate significant potential in applications such as sensing, information encryption. However, studies on the synthesis of HOFs designed to construct multifunctional platforms are scant. In this work, we report the synthesis of a new fluorescent HOF by assembling melem and isophthalic acid (IPA), designated as HOF-IPA. HOF-IPA exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+, making it suitable as a fluorescent sensor for Fe3+ detection. The sensor achieved satisfactory recoveries ranging from 97.79 % to106.42 % for Fe3+ sensing, with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3.33 %, indicating significant application potential for HOF-IPA. Due to the ability of F- to mask the electrostatic action on the surface of Fe3+ and inhibit the photoelectron transfer (PET) of HOF-IPA, the HOF-IPA - Fe3+ system can be utilized as a fluorescent "off-on" sensor for F- detection. Additionally, owing to the colorless, transparent property of HOF IPA in aqueous solution under sunlight and its blue fluorescence property under UV light (color) or microplate reader (fluorescence intensity), HOF-IPA based ink can be used for various types of information encryption, and all yielding favorable outcomes.

A magnetic molecular imprinted covalent organic framework composite (MCOF-MIP) that possessed the 'dual-selectivity' of a covalent organic framework and molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) with rapid response performance was successfully prepared for the removal of bisphenol AF (BPAF) from real water and blood samples. First, the MCOF was separately synthesized using magnetic Fe3O4 as the magnetic core, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene and 2,5-dibromobenzene-1,4-diformaldehyde as precursors and a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the solvent using a solvothermal synthesis method. The MCOF showed high crystallinity and good adsorption capacities for BPAF (107.4 mg g(-1)), bisphenol A (113.6 mg g(-1)), bisphenol S (120.0 mg g(-1)) and bisphenol F (82.1 mg g(-1)). To further improve the selectivity for BPAF, an MIP, which uses BPAF as a template, was introduced to form the MCOF-MIP. Due to the dual selectivity of MCOF and MIP, the MCOF-MIP exhibited relatively high selective adsorption capacity to BPAF (243.1 mg g(-1)) compared to that for the MCOF (107.4 mg g(-1)), while the adsorption capacities (149.7-109.4 mg g(-1)) for the other three compounds were not significantly improved. Furthermore, a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method was established, and MSPE parameters such as adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, desorption solvent and desorption time were optimized. Combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis, a rapid and sensitive method was developed to detect BPAF, which showed good linearity (r > 0.9969) ranging from 0.1 to 400 mu g mL(-1). Low limits of detection (0.04 mu g mL(-1), S/N = 3) and quantitation (0.1 mu g mL(-1), S/N = 10) and good precision with low relative SDs (<1.2 % for intra-day and <1.1 % for inter-day) were also obtained. Finally, MSPE coupled with HPLC-DAD was employed for the analysis of BPAF in water and blood samples, and the recoveries of BPAF were satisfactory (91.1-112.6 %).

Herein, by using longan shell as a precursor, deep eutectic solvent (DES) which consist of ChCl and urea (molar ration, 1:2) as the solvent and dopant, new CDs (Named as N,Cl-CDs) with good antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities were synthesized. The chemical studies showed that N,Cl-CDs contained various functional groups (e.g. -COOH, -OH) and doped with N and Cl. The results of free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and KMnO4 reduction activity tests showed that N,Cl-CDs had antioxidant properties. The EC50 values were separately determined as 317.26, 302.55 and 20.82 mu g/mL, respectively. Because of the good antioxidant activity, N,Cl-CDs also showed redox sensing advantage for oxidants including MnO4 , Fe3+, Cr6+ and H2O2. Moreover, the classic mouse ear edema inflammation model was further employed to explore the antiinflammatory activity of N,Cl-CDs. Compared with the normal saline (NS) gup (67.80 %), N,Cl-CDs at high dose (1.40 mg/kg) significantly reduced the percentages of inflammation (38.13 %). Besides, due to the internal filtration effect (IFE) and static quenching, N,Cl-CDs also showed good sensitivity and selectivity for Fe2+, the limit of detection (LOD) of Fe2+ was 0.3 mu M. Finally, the detection of the Fe2+ in water sample was done to test the practical application value of N,Cl-CDs, and the as-developed method showed satisfactory recoveries (92.92 %-111.03 %).

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), usually seriously contaminates in grain and oil foods or feed, displayed significant acute and chronic toxic effects in human and animal populations. However, little is known about the transgenerational toxic effects induced by a maternal AFB1 intake at a lower dose on offspring. In our study, only parental wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to AFB1 (0-8 μg/ml) and the following three filial generations were grown on AFB1-free NGM. Results showed that the toxic effects of AFB1 on the growth (body length) and reproduction (brood size, generation time and morphology of gonad arm) can be transmitted through generations. Moreover, the levels of MMP and ATP were irreversibly inhibited in the filial generations. By using RNomics and molecular biology techniques, we found that steroid biosynthesis, phagosome, valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation (p < 0.05) were the core signaling pathways to exert the transgenerational toxic effects on nematodes. Also, notably increased histone methylation level at H3K36me3 was observed in the first generation. Taken together, our study demonstrated that AFB1 has notable transgenerational toxic effects, which were resulted from the complex regulatory network of various miRNAs, mRNAs and epigenetic modification in C. elegans.

Due to the dual functions of fluorescence detection and adsorption, fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted significant attention. However, common fluorescent COFs often exhibit unsatisfactory fluorescence properties and selectivity, coupled with poor solution dispersibility, which limit their effectiveness in detection and adsorption applications. In response, a novel post-modified fluorescent COF (named AZC-COF) was synthesized by connecting a fluorescent COF (COF-TB) with 2-azidacetic acid through a copper-catalyzed aide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. AZC-COF demonstrated excellent solution dispersibility and robust green fluorescence, boasting an absolute fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 7.58%, which was 13.5 times higher than that of COF-TB. Furthermore, leveraging the active carboxylic acid and triazole sites, AZC-COF exhibited remarkable binding abilities for mitoxantrone (MIX) and Fe3+, enabling sensitive detection and efficient adsorption of them. In contrast, due to the absence of these functional sites, COF-TB showed poor detection and enrichment capabilities for MIX and Fe3+. The impressive detection and adsorption efficiencies of MIX and Fe3+ in environmental water, aquatic organism (fish) and plasma samples underscore the potential of AZC-COF as a detection-adsorption platform. Additionally, AZC-COF demonstrated low toxicity and hemolytic activity, alongside promising potential for cell imaging and detection of MIX and Fe3+, highlighting its considerable application prospect in biological systems.

Tenuazonic acid (TeA), usually found in cereals, fruits, vegetables, oil crops, and their products, was classified as one of the highest public health problems by EFSA as early as 2011, but it has still not been regulated by legislation due to the limited toxicological profile. Moreover, it has been reported that the coexistence of TeA and patulin (PAT) has been found in certain agricultural products; however, there are no available data about the combined toxicity. Considering that the gastrointestinal tract is the physiological barrier of the body, it would be the first target site at which exogenous substances interact with the body. Thus, we assessed the combined toxicity (cell viability, ROS, CAT, and ATP) in Caco-2 cells using mathematical modeling (Chou-Talalay) and explored mechanisms using non-targeted metabolomics and molecular biology methods. It revealed that the co-exposure of TeA + PAT (12.5 μg/mL + 0.5 μg/mL) can induce enhanced toxic effects and more severe oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the lipid and amino acid metabolisms and PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling pathways were mainly involved in the TeA + PAT-induced synergistic toxic effects. Our study not only enriches the scientific basis for the development of regulatory policies but also provides potential targets and treatment options for alleviating toxicities.

Materials with high adsorption properties and high selectivity are ideal adsorbents for the application of adsorption. Herein, by using tetrabrombisphenol A (TBr-BPA) as the template, a novel COF-based composite (SiO2@F-COF@MIP) with directional selectivity and three-dimensional spatial selectivity was developed for the first time. Superior selective adsorption effects of TBr-BPA and family-similar compound (tetrachlorbisphenol, TCl-BPA) can be achieved by using composite as the adsorbent. Firstly, to verify the performance of the composite, the selective adsorption effects of F-COF, SiO2-NH2, SiO2-NH2@F-COF and SiO2@F-COF@MIP on TBrBPA, TCl-BPA and competing compounds were investigated and compared. Results showed that SiO2@FCOF@MIP had extremely high selective adsorption capacities for TBr-BPA and TCl-BPA with the maximal adsorption capacities of 653.2 and 158.8 mg center dot g  1, respectively. Secondly, by using computer simulation and experiments analysis, the mechanisms of SiO2@F-COF@MIP for the highly selective adsorption were explored. Results revealed the selective adsorption of TBr-BPA on SiO2@F-COF@MIP was mainly based on halogen bond interaction, three-dimensional space selectivity effect coupled with hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions. The selective adsorption of TCl-BPA was mainly based on three-dimensional space selectivity, hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions. Finally, SiO2@F-COF@MIP was used as the adsorbent for the enrichment of TBrBPA and TCl-BPA in actual water and fish samples, and satisfactory recoveries were obtained, proving that SiO2@F-COF@MIP has great application prospect in high selective enrichment.

Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated a strong association between maternal diet and fetal birth weight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. We investigated the pathways and modes of action of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that mediate the regulation of maternal reproductive performance and fetal development by sugar-sweetened beverages (20 % sucrose water, SSBs) using C57BL/6J mice as a model. Results showed that SSBs significantly increased the reproductive performance (P<0.05), body weight (P<0.01), fetal birth weight (P<0.05), placental weight (P<0.01), and the expression of nutrient transporter genes in the placenta and fetal liver (P<0.05), mainly by accelerating the maternal energy metabolism during pregnancy. However, maternal serum biochemical indices, antioxidant indices, and pathological damage to the liver and placenta predicted that the mother would be at greater health risks during this period. Moreover, transcriptomics results indicated that the differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in the placenta regulate the maternal multiple metabolic pathways and the placental nutrient transport efficiency by sponging miRNAs and forming growth factors and proteins, ultimately improving the maternal reproductive performance. In addition, we verified the reliability of the sequencing results using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and identified the possibility of DE circRNAs binding to nutrient transporter genes using targeting relationship prediction. Finally, we constructed a correlation network that regulates maternal placental nutrient transport based on DE circRNAs, targeted miRNAs and nutrient transport-related genes. This study will provide scientific dietary guidance for pregnant women and new research ideas for preventing and treating pregnancy complications.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials based on organic building blocks containing light elements, such as C, H, O, N, and B, interconnected by covalent bonds. Because of their regular crystal structure, high porosity, stable mechanical structure, satisfactory specific surface area, easy functionalization, and high tunability, they have important applications in several fields. Currently, most of the established methods based on COFs can only be used for individual detection or adsorption of the target. Impressively, fluorescent COFs as a special member of the COF family are able to achieve highly selective and sensitive detection of target pollutants by fluorescence enhancement or quenching. The construction of a dual-functional platform for detection and adsorption based on fluorescent COFs can enable the simultaneous realization of visual monitoring and adsorption of target pollutants. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of fluorescent COFs as fluorescence sensors and adsorbents. First, the fluorescent COFs were classified according to the different bonding modes between the building blocks, and then the applications of fluorescent COF-based detection and adsorption bifunctional materials for various environmental contaminants were highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future application prospects of fluorescent COFs are discussed.

Alternaria toxins, as the secondary metabolites produced by Alternaria species, are widely contaminated in crops and agricultural products such as cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts, oil crops, etc., which shows different degrees of acute toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity to humans and animals. However, the available studies of its contamination level, dietary exposure and toxic effects are still relatively limited and short of systematization, which making it difficult to carry out a comprehensive risk assessment. Therefore, this review systematically demonstrated the contamination status and toxicological profiles of typical alternaria toxins, aiming to provide a more comprehensive and systematic theoretical basis for the further assessment of exposure level of alternaria toxins, comprehensive safety evaluation, and scientific formulation of limit standards and regulations.

Widespread use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) leads to its continuous excretion and release into the environment, resulting in the accumulation in water, animal-derived food etc., and posing a threat to environment and humans. Thus, the development of highly efficient FQs removal methods is of great significance. Herein, a composite (COF@MXene) was manufactured using a covalent assembly synthesis strategy by connecting covalent organic frameworks (COF) and NH2-MXene through a Schiff-base reaction. COF@MXene had the advantages of both COF and MXene, not only had good crystallinity, thermal stability and rich functional group properties, but also had high protein exclusion ability (Exclusion efficiency>97%) and good adsorption capacities for FQs including ciprofloxacin (CIP), lomefloxacin (LOM), moxifloxacin (MOX), gatifloxacin (GAT) and levofloxacin (LEV). The maximal adsorption capacities for them ranged from 54.63 to 147.91 mgg(-1), which were higher than those of COF (15.99-64.06 mgg(-1)) and MXene (27.58-33.92 mgg(-1)). The adsorption experimental data of adsorption isotherm and kinetics separately followed the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. Through density functional theory (DFT), Forcite calculation, UV-Vis and XPS analyses, pore size selectivity, electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions were determined as the main driving forces for FQs adsorption. Finally, COF@MXene coupled with HPLC-DAD was employed for the analysis of FQs from water, egg and drug samples, and the recoveries were satisfactory. This work reported a covalent assembly synthesis strategy for the preparation of COF@MXene composite for FQs removal. This approach may establish a viable route for gentle fabrication of COF and MXene based composites for various applications.

细交链孢菌酮酸(TeA)作为一种新兴真菌毒素,污染广泛,对人和动物可能存在多方面毒性作用,但毒理学数据十分有限,暂未被立法监管.此外,TeA常与赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、伏马菌素B1(FB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、白僵菌素(BEA)等真菌毒素共存于粮食谷物、果蔬坚果中,但其联合毒性效应也未见报道.本研究基于秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans,C.elegans)模型,初步研究了TeA单独暴露对线虫体长、产卵量、头部摆动及身体弯曲频率、脂肪沉积量、摄食量、ATP水平、活性氧(ROS)水平和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,以及TeA分别与OTA、FB1、ZEN、BEA联合对线虫的毒性效应.研究表明,当TeA浓度为6.25～25 mg·L-1时,对秀丽隐杆线虫的生长发育、生殖能力、神经系统、代谢能力存在明显的毒性损伤并可导致机体产生氧化应激,且呈剂量-反应关系.随后,采用Chou-Talalay模型对联合毒性进行评价发现,TeA分别与OTA、FB1、ZEN、BEA联合暴露对线虫生长发育和生殖能力的影响随毒素浓度和暴露时间的变化呈现不同的相互作用效应.其中TeA+OTA、TeA+FB1对体长(24 h)以及TeA+ZEN对产卵量的毒作用随暴露浓度的增加一直呈协同作用,而TeA+OTA对产卵量的毒作用随暴露浓度的增加,由一般拮抗变为协同作用.基于此,本研究结果不仅在一定程度上丰富了 TeA的毒理学数据,还为进一步开展TeA风险评估和相关食品安全标准的制定提供科学依据.

Herein, a novel fluorescent covalent organic framework (COF) and its luminescent sodium alginate based hybrid hydrogel were synthesized and applied to detect and adsorb eriochrome azo anionic dyes. Firstly, by optimizing a series of conditions affecting the crystallinity, a dual-emission fluorescence COF (TD-COF) with high crystallinity was synthesized at room temperature for the first time. TD-COF yielded remarkable fluorescence and adsorption properties; thus it can be employed as a dual platform for fluorescence sensing and adsorption of eriochrome black T, eriochrome blue-black R and eriochrome blue SE. The platform showed good linearity in fluorescence detection of three dyes from 0 to 100 mu g mL(-1) and the maximum adsorption capacities ranged from 89.28 to 228.64 mg g(-1). Subsequently, TD-COF had a Thiol-ene "click" reaction with thiolated sodium alginate to produce a sort of luminescent hybrid hydrogel material (GelTSA@TD-COF), which improved the maximum adsorption capacities of eriochrome blue-black R (6410.06 mg g(-1)) and eriochrome blue SE (106.79 mg g(-1)). Due to the blocky appearance of GelTSA@TD-COF, it is more portable and practical compared to powdered TD-COF, and can be used for on-site fluorescent visualization of dyes. Finally, the detection and adsorption effect of dyes in water samples further verified the practical application value of TD-COF and GelTSA@TD-COF.

The imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered significant attention in various fields due to exceptional stability and polyamide structures, etc. However, the conventional synthetic protocols for the high-crystallinity imine-linked COFs often necessitate the use of harmful organic solvent and extra catalyst, rendering their synthesis environmentally detrimental. Therefore, it is imperative to develop facile methods for COF preparation that employ green solvents without the need of extra catalyst. Herein, an environmentally friendly, efficient, general synthetic strategy was developed to synthesize five imine-linked COFs with high yield and high crystallinity by using choline chloride (ChCl)-hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP) linked deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as general solvents for the first time. Unlike other reactions that required repeated exploration of the types of solvents to synthesize COFs with high crystallinity, the as-developed method only required changing the molar ratio of ChCl and HFIP in DES; various imine-linked COFs with high crystallinity can be synthesized. To further elucidate the formation of imine-linked COFs in ChCl-HFIP-based DESs, COF-CH-1, which was prepared using 1,3,5-tris(4-amino-phenyl)benzene (TPB) and terephthalaldehyde (TPDD) as precursors, was regarded as an example. The formation process of COF-CH-1 was preliminarily deduced linked on the changes of morphology, functional groups, element compositions, etc., with the change of reaction temperature and reaction time in optimal DES. Finally, according to the results, we also preliminarily speculated on the possible role of DESs in COFs' formation.

Tenuazonic acid (TeA) and patulin (PAT), as the naturally occurring mycotoxins with various toxic effects, are often detected in environment and food chain, has attracted more and more attention due to their widespread and high contaminations as well as the coexistence, which leads to potential human and animals’ risks. However, their combined toxicity has not been reported yet. In our study, C. elegans was used to evaluate the type of combined toxicity caused by TeA+PAT and its related mechanisms. The results showed that TeA and PAT can induce synergistic toxic effects based on Combination Index (CI) evaluation model (Chou-Talalay method), that is, the body length, brood size as well as the levels of ROS, CAT and ATP were significantly affected in TeA+PAT-treated group compared with those in TeA- or PAT-treated group. Besides, the expressions of oxidative (daf-2, daf-16, cyp-35a2, ctl-1, ctl-3, pmk-1, jnk-1, skn-1) and intestinal (fat-5, pod-2, egl-8, pkc-3, ajm-1, nhx-2) stress-related genes were disrupted, among which daf-16 displayed the most significant alternation. Further study on daf-16 gene defective C. elegans showed that the damages to the mutant nematodes were significantly attenuated. Since daf-2, daf-16, jnk-1 and pmk-1 are evolutionarily conserved, our findings could hint synergistic toxic effects of TeA+PAT on higher organisms.

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that there is a strong correlation between maternal high-fat diet and fetal-placental development. The current study aims to investigate the effects of maternal high-fat diet on fetal growth, placental nutrient transporters and circular RNA expression profiles in a mouse model. Forty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly assigned to two groups, fed either a control (10% fat for energy) diet (CON) or a high-fat (60% fat for energy) diet (HFD) for 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy, and were killed on day 19.5 of pregnancy. The serum glucose, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, the glucolipid metabolism-related hormones, and the insulin resistance index were significantly increased. High-throughput sequencing showed that differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) in the placenta can regulate various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions through various energy metabolism pathways, and mmu-let-7g-5p was found to target and bind to multiple DE circRNAs. In addition, this study also predicted that various circRNAs with protein coding functions can regulate maternal placental nutrient transport. In general, the ceRNA (circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs) regulatory network of maternal placental nutrient transport constructed in this study is of great significance for further understanding the effect of maternal nutrition on fetal growth in the future.