Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of cerium oxide nanocubes on the cutaneous wound healing of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods: A total of 90 GK rats with full-thickness wounds were equally divided into three groups according to different treatments: normal saline (NS), recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF), and cerium oxide nanocubes solution (CONS). Two round cuts were made on the rats' dorsum from epidermis to the muscle layer. On days 3, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 21 post operation, five rats in each group were killed and made into specimens. Histological evaluation were conducted and the protein and mRNA levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. In addition, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were detected by ELISA. Results: Compared with the other two groups, the CONS-treated group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, more fibroblasts and smaller granulation tissue area in HE stained tissue micrographs. Meanwhile, Masson stained tissue micrographs showed thicker, more compact and more regular collagenous fiber. In CONS-treated rats, the wound healing rate on days 7 and 10 after surgery was significantly higher compared with other groups (p<0.05). On days 7, 10 and 13, the levels of TNF-α protein as well as TNF-α mRNA in the CONS-treated group were lower than in the NS-treated group (p<0.05). On days 7 and 10, SOD, CAT and EGF protein levels in the CONS-treated group were higher when compared to the NS-treated group (p<0.05), while the expression of EGF mRNA in the CONS-treated obviously increased from day 3 till day 13. Conclusion: The mechanism of cerium oxide nanocubes promoting experimental diabetic wound healing may be related to reducing inflammatory reaction and promoting the synthesis of antioxidants and growth factors. Disclosure Y. Han: None. L. Li: None. Y. Liu: None. Y. Wang: None. C. Yan: None. L. Sun: None.

Background: This study explores the prevalence of subthreshold depression (SubD) and its association with factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 808 outpatients with T2DM from ten hospitals in Beijing between September 2015 and January 2016. All participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) to evaluate depressive status, with scores between 5 and 14 considered SubD. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to investigate the variables associated with SubD in T2DM patients. Results: T2DM patients with SubD comprised 11.6% (n= 94) of the sample. The odd ratios for the variables having significant positive associations with SubD were: being a women (OR= 1.90; 95% CI: 1.09-3.32), divorced/widowed (OR= 3.27; 95% CI: 1.46-7.30), comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease (OR= 2.00; 95% CI: 1.06-3.76), more diabetic complications (OR= 8.04; 95% CI: 2.77-23.31), and higher HbA1c in men (OR= 2.41; 95% CI: 1.25-4.64). Being older (OR= 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62-0.98), exercising more (OR= 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.91) and poverty (OR= 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19-0.69) were negatively related to SubD. Limitations: The sample was mainly recruited from hospital settings, which limits generalization. The study's cross-sectional design precludes making causal inferences. Conclusions: The proportion of SubD was estimated to be 11.6% among T2DM patients in Beijing. Having more diabetic complications and being divorced/widowed made the odds of having SubD 8-fold and 3-fold higher than not having it, respectively. The relationship between SubD and diabetes necessitates early screening for milder forms of depression, which can alleviate the social burden and individual impairment from major depression or other chronic diseases.

Objective. This study aims to explore the relationship between autonomic nerve dysfunction—assessed by cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy risk score (CAN-RS)—and ocular abnormality in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 335 subjects with T2DM were enrolled. The state of visual acuity, the lens, the vitreous, and the fundus were tested by professional ophthalmic instruments. The electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) of the hands and feet was measured by SUDOSCAN, from which a cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy risk score (CAN-RS) was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of CAN-RS in diabetic oculopathy screening. Results. Abnormalities of the lens, vitreous, and fundus accounted for 7.8%, 5.1%, and 9.9%, respectively, in this study. The means of hands and feet ESC were higher than 60 μS, and CAN-RS was 33.1± 14.8%. In logistic regression analysis, CAN-RS was positively associated with lens (OR= 1.055, P < 0 001) and vitreous (OR= 1.044, P < 0 01) abnormality. The area under ROC to detect lens and vitreous abnormality was 0.713 and 0.725, respectively. Conclusion. CAN-RS, a cardiac autonomic nerve dysfunction index calculated by SUDOSCAN, may be a promising index for lens and vitreous abnormality screening in T2DM patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the conclusion.

OBJECTIVE:Dyslipidemia and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) can increase the risk of atherosclerosis development in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum HDL-C and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which are crucially involved inT2DM.METHODS:Serum concentrations of IGF-1, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HDL-C were measured in 498 participants with T2DM without any lipid-modifying medicine prior to study. Participants were divided into three groups according to the 25th and 75th percentile of IGF-1 levels: low IGF-1 group (G1), middle IGF-1 group (G2), and high IGF-1 group (G3), respectively. Serum levels of HDL-C were compared among the three groups.RESULTS:G1 presented a higher body mass index and higher fasting plasma insulin (FINS) than G2 (P<0.05), yet a lower HDL-C than G2 (P<0.05). Moreover, HDL-C, postprandial blood glucose, FINS, postprandial plasma insulin (PINS), hip circumference ratio, glycated hemoglobin A1c were significantly lower in G3 than in G2 (P<0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, serum levels of IGF-1 were negatively correlated with age, duration of disease, waist circumference, FINS, PINS, and insulin resistance, but positively correlated with HDL-C. Each increase of 2.71ng/dl in IGF-I concentration was associated with an increase of 1.34mg/dl in HDL level.CONCLUSIONS:IGF-1 serum level in people with T2DM is correlated positively with HDL-C.