As the integration of high-power electronic devices becomes higher and higher, it is difficult for traditional thermal interface materials (TIMs) to meet the requirements of high thermal conductivity and flexible processing due to poor dispersion of fillers and high interfacial thermal resistance. Although boron nitride (BN) has high insulation and in-plane thermal conductivity (theoretical value 2000 W & sdot;m-1 & sdot;K-1), its high chemical inertness makes it easy to agglomerate in the polymer matrix, which makes it difficult to continuously construct the vertical thermal conduction path. By introducing active hydroxyl groups on the surface of boron nitride, the interface bonding between boron nitride and matrix can be enhanced, and the ability to participate in the reaction can be given. In this study, a synchronous strategy of rapid foaming and crosslinking at room temperature was proposed, using OH-BN as multifunctional filler and reactive foaming agent to realize the in-situ construction of self-supporting 3D network in RTV silicone rubber system. The results show that the thermal conductivity of 3D BN/RTV composites reaches 2.016 W & sdot;m-1 & sdot;K-1 when the BN content is 16.0 vol%. In addition, the composites also exhibit excellent mechanical properties, dielectric properties and excellent insulation, highlighting their potential in thermal management applications such as microelectronic devices, new energy and energy storage systems, and even aerospace.

Flame-retardant surface coating has emerged as an exceptionally effective fire-protection strategy for flammable polymeric foam without deteriorating substrates’ bulk properties. However, the manufacture of eco-friendly, highly efficient, strong adhesive, and long-term durable waterborne flame-retardant coating is imperative yet challenging. Herein, inspired by the natural adhesive mechanisms, we present a group synergy strategy to engineer a multiscale intumescent flame-retardant hybrid waterborne coating (PPES) composed of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate as adhesive coating base, tannic acid derived P-N-containing compounds (PTM) as flame retardant, and expandable graphite as synergist. With a mere 200 μm-thick PPES coating on extremely flammable rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) surface, the coated PPES-RPUF exhibits rapid self-extinguishing behavior under exposure to fire of exceeding 1100 °C, a desired V-0 rating in vertical burning, a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.8%, a lower peak heat/smoke release rate with 51.3% and 53.8% reduction, respectively, outdistancing previous counterparts. Meanwhile, PPES-RPUF well retains the inherent mechanical and thermal insulation properties. Crucially, the robust interfacial adhesion enables the PPES-RPUF highly durable fire-retardant performance after accelerated aging at damp-heat and low/high temperatures scenarios. This work offers a referable exemplification for designing sustainable waterborne flame-retardant coating with highly efficient and long-term reliability.

Emerging intelligent fire alarm systems (FAS) based on thermo-sensitive nanomaterials have garnered growing attention in fire detection field. However, designing FAS with mechanical flexibility, environmental durability, flame resistance, sensitive temperature responsiveness, and long-lasting fire alarming period is crucial but still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a nacre-mimetic, polyphenol-mediated strategy to fabricate ternary hybrid nanocomposite by utilizing graphene oxide (GO) as conductive network, phosphorus-nitrogen rich hexaaminocyclotriphosphazene (HACP) as flame retardant unit, and bio-based tannic acid (TA) as a multifunctional interfacial mediator. The strong multi-modal interactions among GO, HACP and TA create a hierarchically crosslinked laminated architecture for TA-GO/HACP nanocomposite, achieving 2.86 and 6.53 times improvement in tensile strength and toughness compared to pure GO paper, respectively, coupled with superior structural stability. Furthermore, the TA-GO/HACP nanocomposite possesses competitive combinations of high flame retardancy, ultra-fast fire alarm response time (similar to 0.4 s), ultra-long continuous fire alarming time (> 1200 s), and sensitive high-temperature response time (similar to 5 s at 250 degrees C), highlighting the reliable early fire-warning capabilities and potential real-world applications. This work paves an avenue to design high-performance FAS materials for next-generation fire detection technologies.

LED/moisture dual-curable polyurethane acrylate coatings combine rapid formation by photocuring with complete secondary curing by moisture. They can therefore mitigate incomplete curing in colored systems, thick coatings, and the shadow regions of complex geometric components, showing broad application prospects in high-end coatings and electronic protection. However, such coatings are generally flammable, and the difficulty in balancing flame retardancy with mechanical properties remains a technical bottleneck restricting their further development. To this end, based on molecular structure design, this study synthesized a flame retardant (HBH) containing photoreactive groups and introduced it into a dual-curable polyurethane acrylate system, thereby preparing a series of dual-curable flame-retardant coatings (HBHx-HPPy) with different HBH contents. The effect of HBH content on the flame retardancy, mechanical properties, curing behavior, and surface properties of the coatings was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the incorporation of HBH significantly enhanced the comprehensive properties of the coatings. At an HBH content of 30 wt%, the corresponding HBH3-HPP4 cured specimen achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased by 49.5% compared with HBH0-HPP7. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were reduced by 30.5%, 40.7%, 52.4%, and 35.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the coating exhibited excellent mechanical properties and curing characteristics: a tensile strength of 15.35 MPa, a shear strength of 3.4 MPa, a gel fraction of 95.2%, and a curing depth of up to 8.16 mm after LED/moisture dual curing; in terms of surface properties, it achieved a 5B adhesion rating and a hardness of 69 D. The dual-curable polyurethane acrylate coating designed and prepared in this study effectively enhances the flame-retardant performance of the material while maintaining favorable mechanical properties and curing characteristics. This enables it to demonstrate promising application potential in the field of flame-retardant protective coatings with complex curing requirements, such as pigmented systems, thick layers, or shadowed areas.

Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins. Due to their high efficiency, low toxicity, and safety, pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests. However, with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides, the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health. Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids, and significant research has been conducted in this area. This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids, including degradation by single strains, microbial consortia, and enzymes. It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes. The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research. This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.

Janus membranes, characterized by asymmetric wettability, have demonstrated exceptional potential in unidirectional oil transport and oil/water separation. Nevertheless, conventional fabrication strategies relying on bilayer/multilayer composites frequently encounter compromised separation performance due to weak interfacial binding and poor pore connectivity. Herein, we propose a monolayer biodegradable Janus membrane through electrospinning followed by plasma modification. Results indicate that the Janus membrane exhibits pronounced surface wettability contrast, with air-water contact angles of 36.3 degrees (hydrophilic side) and 138.8 degrees (hydrophobic side), coupled with underwater oil contact angles of 151.8 degrees (superoleophobic) and 67.5 degrees (oleophilic), respectively. The Janus membrane achieved 99.28 % separation efficiency and a maximum flux of 2779.9 L m-2 & sdot;h-1 across diverse oil/water mixtures. Notably, Laplace pressure gradients arising from the wettability asymmetry drive unidirectional oil transport from the hydrophobic to hydrophilic interface, enabling continuous oil harvesting in prototype spill recovery systems. Furthermore, the membrane demonstrates full biodegradability under industrial composting conditions (97.67 % biodegradation rate after 90 days), addressing the persistent microplastic pollution caused by conventional non-degradable membranes. This work pioneers a structurally integrated, eco-friendly Janus membrane platform that synergizes high-performance separation with environmental sustainability.

UV curable coatings have been widely used for their advantages of environmental protection and high curing efficiency. However, there are also some problems in the use of UV curable coatings, such as poor light transmission of colored coatings, shadow parts are difficult to accept light and can not be cured. In order to solve the problems existing in the curing process of UV curable coatings, the establishment of UV/ moisture dual curing system can effectively solve these problems. Using castor oil (CO), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and tetrahydrofuran acrylate (THFA) as raw materials, a series of polyurethane prepolymers were synthesized by structural design and a series of UV/ moisture dual-curable coatings were prepared. The experimental verification, UV/ moisture dual curing system coating, not only solves the problem of traditional UV coating curing, and has better performance than UV coating, coating curing dual curing coating has excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength, tensile strength up to 8.4 MPa, small volume shrinkage, excellent weather resistance. This is a curing strategy for UV coatings that cannot fully accept UV light, and provides a new idea for the preparation of new environmentally friendly coatings by bio-based materials.

LED curing technology makes up for some drawbacks of UV mercury lamps with its merits of no ozone emission and low energy consumption, and gradually replaces traditional UV mercury lamps in numerous fields. Nevertheless, a solitary LED curing coating struggles to fulfill the requirements in terms of curing depth, curing chroma, and comprehensive performance. Based on these, four types of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) coatings were fabricated through two-step synthesis and LED/moisture dual curing technology using cycloaliphatic isocyanate (IPDI), aliphatic isocyanate (HDI), monofunctional acrylate (HEMA), and trifunctional acrylate (PETA) as the primary raw materials. The dual curing system integrates the advantages of LED curing and moisture curing, and mitigates the shortcomings of incomplete curing and poor comprehensive performance of single LED. The experimental results show that these four dual-curing coatings show a certain degree of optimization in comprehensive properties such as curing properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and coating properties. In particular, the dual-curing coating prepared with HDI as the hard segment and PETA as the endcapping agent has a surface drying time of only 5 s. After dual curing, the gel content, water contact angle, tensile strength, shear strength, hardness, and adhesive force of the sample can respectively reach 97.8 %, 112.4 degrees, 17.26 MPa, 3.7 MPa, 58.5 Shore D, and 5 B. Additionally, the coating also exhibited outstanding solvent resistance, with the absorption rates of 0.35 %, 8.42 %, 1.35 %, and 1.16 % respectively after 48 h immersion in water, ethanol, 10 wt% NaOH, and 10 wt% HCl solutions. It is also notable that the curing depth of the dual-cured coating can reach 8.96 mm, which is significantly higher than the 3.76 mm of the single light curing, and the colored curing is complete. Four kinds of coatings can be selected and customized in accordance with diverse application requirements, which is of great significance for the further development of environmental protection coatings and holds substantial practical value in industrial production.

The rapid progress of interdisciplinary fields, such as advanced materials and electronic devices, presents high challenges for multifunctional composites that integrate thermal management and flame retardancy. This study proposed a 3D honeycomb structure composed of boron nitride thermal conductive skeleton and benzoxazine flame retardant, constructing epoxy composites that dual-functional integrate thermal conductivity and flame retardancy. The through-plane thermal conductivity of the 3D composite reaches 2.64 W m-1 K-1, representing a 1167% improvement compared to epoxy resin. The thermal impedance is reduced from 66.37 to 4.16 K cm2 W-1, demonstrating rapid heat conduction and dissipation capabilities. Furthermore, a novel 3D spatial barrier effect is discovered via optimising the flame retardant performance of the epoxy composite. This 3D composite exhibits a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 41.3% and achieves a vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate, and total smoke production decreased by 58.2%, 40.7%, 45.7%, and 26.1%, respectively. This work also demonstrated the thermal management application of the 3D composite in LED chip heat dissipation and its potential flame retardant application in polymer lithium-ion battery packaging, providing valuable insights for designing polymer composites with dual-effect integration.

Three-dimensional (3D) thermally conductive boron nitride (BN)/polymer composites show significant potential in the field of thermal management. This review surveys current advances and discusses the thermal conductivity mechanisms of BN/polymer composites and the critical factors influencing their performance. A thorough introduction to the construction methods of 3D thermally conductive BN/polymer composites is provided, along with an objective discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Notably, this review specifically highlights the effects of 3D thermally conductive networks on phonon transmission, interfacial thermal resistance, and thermal conductivity, as well as their interactions, and points out recent innovative trends in constructing 3D thermal composites by integrating BN with other dimensional fillers (0D, 1D, and 2D fillers). These approaches demonstrate promising strategies for optimizing thermal management by leveraging the unique advantages of each dimensional filler. The review concludes with a summary and outlook on the development of 3D thermally conductive BN/polymer composites. This aims to provide theoretical analysis, advance practical applications, and enhance next-generation thermal management systems.

Purely organic scintillators typically suffer from limited X-ray absorption due to the absence of high atomic number elements, which significantly restricts their radioluminescence (RL) performance and makes dynamic X-ray imaging challenging. To overcome this limitation, halogen atoms were introduced into maleimide-based fluorescent molecules, resulting in a new type of purely organic glassy scintillator with enhanced X-ray absorption and excellent film-forming properties. Compared with the non-halogenated 1-butyl-3,4-diphenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (PAM), the brominated derivative 3,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1-butyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (PAM-4Br) exhibits strengthened supramolecular interactions that facilitate the formation of a uniform amorphous glass with high optical transparency (>92

Due to the fact that single UV-cured coatings frequently fail to fulfill the requirements in terms of depth and chroma, and do not reach the ideal state in terms of comprehensive performance. In order to solve these painpoints more effectively, the sulfhydryl-modified castor oil (COME) was successfully synthesized by introducing beta-mercaptoethanol onto the plant-based material castor oil (CO) through the thiol-ene clink reaction. Subsequently, the synthesized polyurethane acrylate prepolymer (COPUA), monomer, photoinitiator and thermocuring agent were used as A component, and COME was used as B component. The two were mixed evenly according to a certain proportion, and the modified castor oil based polyurethane acrylate (COMEPUA) coatings were fabricated by UV/thermal dual-curing technology. Based on a series of performance test outcomes, the coating demonstrates excellent comprehensive properties, encompassing mechanical properties (where the shear strength, tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness can respectively reach 5.26 MPa, 9.92 MPa, 132.55 %, and 47.77 Shore D), coating properties (where the absorption rates after 72 h immersion in water, ethanol, 10 wt% HCl, and 10 wt% NaOH solvents are respectively 0.66, 17.98, 1.89, and 0.71 %, and the volume resistivity and breakdown voltage are respectively 1.74x1016 Omega & sdot;cm and 10 KV) and curing properties (where the curing depth can reach 9.82 mm, which is significantly higher than 3.51 mm of single UV curing, and the colored curing is complete). It can exert protective functions such as anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and insulation on circuit boards, electronic packaging, and device surfaces, and holds great potential in the application of coating materials.

Graphene oxide (GO)-based intelligent fire alarm sensor (FAS) has recently been a sought-after research topic in fire prevention fields. However, it remains a challenge to facilely construct GO-based composite that simultaneously possess mechanical flexibility, excellent flame resistance, highly-sensitive temperature-responsive behavior, rapid fire response and ultra-long fire alarming durability. Here, a nacre-like ternary hybrid paper is conveniently obtained by integrating GO with hexachlorophosphazene-based multi-hydroxyl molecule (HHACP) and tannic acid (TA) via a facile and eco-friendly water evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The resultant composite paper (TA-GO/HHACP) exhibits mechanically flexible property with tensile strength of 103.7 MPa and toughness of 1.51 MJ/m(3), comparable to 2.52 and 5.39 times higher than those of pure GO paper. Further, the TA-GO/HHACP paper displays excellent nonflammability and high-temperature resistance that can withstand continuous butane flame attack (similar to 1200 degree celsius), resulting in ultra-long sustained alarming period of > 1600 s under an open fire. More importantly, benefiting from its rapid electrical resistance reduction capability, such TA-GO/HHACP paper demonstrates ultra-fast fire-triggered response time of similar to 0.6 s, and ultra-sensitive early fire alarm responses to abnormal high temperatures during pre-combustion process, e.g., similar to 1 s at 250 degree celsius and similar to 19 s at 200 degree celsius, respectively, outperforming the best reported GO-based FAS counterparts. This work provides an inventive paradigm to develop high-performance GO-based intelligent materials with reliable and sensitive early fire-warning function.

P-N-B organic flame retardant was synthesized using 4-formylphenylboronic acid, 4-aminophenylthiophenol, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phos-phaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and then introduced into the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene acrylonitrile (HTBN) molecular chain to successfully prepare a macromolecular flame retardant, which was used to prepare flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, and flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethane (FR-WPU) were studied using thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI), scanning electron microscope (SEM), cone calorimeter, and universal testing machine, respectively, and the flame retardant mechanism of macromolecular flame retardants was explored. An LOI value of 29.76% and a UL-94 V-0 rating could be realized when the APFBH conjugation is 7.5 wt%, showing a significant improvement of melt dripping behavior and flame retardancy. It indicated that the fire resistance of FR-WPU remarkably improved and displayed both gas and condensed phase mechanism. As the content of APBDH increased, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of FR-WPU increased firstly and then decreased.

Polymer matrix composites with excellent thermal management performance have emerged as remarkable materials in the realms of microelectronic devices and wireless communication technologies. However, achieving high thermal conductivity in most composites often requires a high filling load, which will compromise other desirable properties. Herein, utilizing physical foaming and vacuum infiltration methods, we introduce a 3D honeycomb composite consisting of surface-hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (OH-BN) and epoxy. The 3D OH-BN honeycomb foam in the composite features a lightweight design (0.33 g/cm3), high strength (7178 times its own weight) and prominent heat transfer performance. Significantly, these composites achieve notable thermal properties, including high through-plane thermal conductivity (2.073 W m- 1 K-1) and relatively low thermal resistance (0.995 degrees C/W) at a reduced filling load (17.2 vol%). In comparison with pure epoxy, the through-plane thermal conductivity is enhanced by an impressive 894 %, while the thermal resistance is reduced to 1/9.4 of that observed in pure epoxy. Besides, the 3D honeycomb composites combine outstanding mechanical performance, low dielectric properties and excellent insulation, underscoring their potential in the field of thermal management applications in microelectronic devices, wireless communication systems and integrated circuits.

A thermal conductive structural adhesive (TCSA) plays a crucial role in battery performance and safety. TCSA made of polyurethane (PU) has not only a good thermal conductivity but also good mechanical strength and substrate bonding strength. However, it has to be cost-effective and easy to be prepared. This work aims to synthesize a series of castor oil-based PU TCSAs with different amounts of thermal conductive powder using commercially available castor oil polyols, isocyanates, Al2O3, and additives. The shear strength of the TCSA containing 88% thermally conductivity powder reached 5.6 MPa, which was similar to that without the thermal conductivity fillers, but its toughness significantly decreased. Its thermal conductivity was as high as 1.8 W/mK, and it was thermally stable below 270 degrees C. Preparation process of castor oil based TCSA and application scenarios in new energy batteries. image

棉织物是目前应用最广泛的天然纤维材料之一.然而,由于棉纤维具有亲水性,使其在很多领域的应用受到限制,如油水分离、室内装饰、汽车内饰、医疗和消防等.为了拓宽棉织物的应用范围,对其进行疏水整理具有非常重要的意义.综述近年来棉织物疏水或疏水阻燃整理研究发展情况,为拓宽棉织物的应用具有很好的理论指导意义.

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯/聚乳酸(PBAT/PLA)共混物的增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PBAT/PLA/IPDI共混粒子并吹制得到薄膜.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热分析、拉伸试验、热重分析和水蒸气透过率测试等研究了不同含量IPDI对共混薄膜形态结构、结晶性能、力学性能、热性能和阻隔性能的影响.结果表明,IPDI的异氰酸酯基团能与PBAT和PLA发生化学反应,分散相尺寸变小,两相界面变得模糊,有效改善了共混物的相容性.随着IPDI含量的增加,共混物中PBAT的结晶度升高,薄膜的拉伸强度逐渐增大,水蒸气阻隔性能呈现先增大后减小的趋势.当IPDI质量分数为0.5%时,PBAT/PLA/IPDI薄膜的横纵向拉伸强度相较于纯PBAT/PLA薄膜分别提升了74.2%和28.6%,断裂伸长率维持在790%和244%,水蒸气透过率降低了38.2%,表现出良好的力学和水蒸气阻隔等综合性能.

文章介绍了自主开发的水性微孔型防水透湿膜的防水透湿机理、性能特点以及制备工艺,重点介绍了其在羽绒服面料上的应用优势与特点,最后对其未来发展趋势进行了展望.

Photocatalysis is a promising technology for removing micropollutants in water. However, developing efficient and stable catalysts remains a challenge. In this work, a novel step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction of WO3/SnIn4S8 (WSI) was constructed through the combined process of in situ precipitation with hydrothermal synthesis to simultaneously realize photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A(BPA) and reduction of Cr(VI) in contaminated water. Results showed that the WSI S-scheme heterojuction has a synergistic effect for the removal of BPA and Cr(VI). An optimum case of the WSI-12% heterojunction exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of BPA under visible light, which is ca. 2.5 and 3.8 times more than the pure WO3 and SIS, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the formation of the WSI S-scheme heterojunctions which facilitate the spatial separation of charge carriers and preserve strong photoredox ability. Further, the S-scheme mechanism of enhanced photocatalysis was examined by the radical-trapping experiment and ESR, and superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were determined to be the major reactive oxygen species responsible for BPA degradation and Cr(VI) reduction by WSI. This work provides a novel strategy for tailoring high-performance S-scheme heterojunctions and shows the promising application in purifying wastewater with complex pollutants.