Background Dynamic measurement and analysis of rotating components is an arduous and complex task that has always attracted great attention from the engineering community. Objective In order to propose a low-cost, efficient, high-precision, and high temporal and spatial resolution rotating vibration measurement scheme, three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC) combined with down-sampling technology is employed. Two defects of this scheme hinder its wide application: the additional initial shape function estimation in rotation correlation of DIC and the cumbersome experimental operation process of traditional down-sampling. Therefore, an extension of down-sampling technology and a comparative study on efficient initial value estimation algorithms were researched. Methods Comparative experiments of extended down-sampling proposed in this paper and high-frequency sampling were carried out on a rotating disc for its vibration Operational Deflection Shapes (ODSs) measurement. During the data processing procedure, an efficient initial value estimation algorithm is recommended by comparing the efficiency and accuracy of Fourier-Mellin Transform-based (FMT-based), Scale Invariant Feature Transform-based (SIFT-based), and Hough Transform-based ( HT-based) algorithms. Results The experimental results indicate that the FMT-based algorithm is the most efficient, and its estimation accuracy guarantees accurate and efficient convergence of the sub-pixel iteration process, though slightly lower than that of the SIFT-based algorithm; The harmonic response and natural response ODSs of the disc were obtained in the high-frequency sampling experiment, and the corresponding harmonic response ODSs were obtained in the extended down-sampling experiment. The precision of the amplitude of obtained ODSs is on the order of submicron. Conclusions The proposed extended down-sampling technology has been verified to circumvent the limitation of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, and accurately restore different orders of harmonic response ODSs with sampling once at a low frequency. Combined with extended down-sampling technology, 3D DIC becomes an efficient, submicron precision, full-field rotating vibration measurement scheme with high temporal and spatial resolution using low-cost conventional cameras. Simultaneously, the FMT-based rotation parameters estimation algorithm can efficiently provide accurate initial value estimation for 3D DIC.

Store-operated channels (SOCs) are highly selective Ca2+ channels that mediate Ca2+ influx in non-excitable and excitable (i.e., skeletal and cardiac muscle) cells. These channels are triggered by Ca2+ depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum, independently of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), which is involved in cell growth, differentiation, and gene transcription. When the Ca2+ store is depleted, stromal interaction molecule1 (STIM1) as Ca2+ sensor redistributes into discrete puncta near the plasma membrane and activates the protein Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ channel protein 1 (Orai1). Accumulating evidence suggests that SOC is associated with several physiological roles in endothelial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle proliferation that contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review mainly elaborates on the contribution of SOC in the vasculature (endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells). We will further retrospect the literature implicating a critical role for these proteins in cardiovascular disease.

Background Camera calibration is a key process in optical deformation measurement techniques, like close-range photogrammetry and digital image correlation (DIC). Traditionally, an expensive calibration board with precisely machined feature points is employed in camera calibration. Low-precision calibration boards will lead to unstable camera parameters and worse length measurement accuracy (the relative measurement accuracy high than 0.1%). Objective To introduce camera calibration methods capable of achieving high measurement accuracy even with low-precision calibration boards, and give practices guide on selecting suitable calibration methods and judging calibration results. Methods Three calibration methods are introduced and discussed. In the iterative board-points method, all the feature points on the calibration board are flexible. The coordinates of all the feature points and camera parameters are iteratively updated and solved simultaneously. In the fixing 3-points method, three feature points on the calibration boards are selected and the distances between them are measured precisely; the locations of these points are fixed in the optimization process. Both the simulation experiments and the real experiments were carried out to study the performance of the three calibration methods. Results Experimental results showed that both the iterative board-points method and the fixing 3-points method can effectively improve the accuracy of calculated camera parameters. Compared with the iterative board-points method, the fixing 3-points method restores the calibration board more precisely, as well as showing improved reproducibility and higher measurement accuracy. The relative accuracy of 3D distance measurement is also increased from 0.1% to 0.01 %, even using a low-precision paper calibration board. Conclusions High measurement accuracy can be obtained using the fixing 3-points calibration method, even with a low-precision calibration board. This will decrease the cost and expand the application of optical measurement, especially in large structure deformation measurement.

Background Digital image correlation (DIC) method is a non-interference and non-contact full-field optical measurement technology. DIC's measurement accuracy is largely determined by the image acquisition system and the quality of the speckle pattern. Objective Although the optimal speckle pattern has been designed theoretically, the optimization process does not consider the influence of the imaging system. Furthermore, the optimal aperture has not been yield. The objective of this paper is to improve the measurement accuracy through optimization of aperture and speckle pattern. Methods In this paper, speckle images with different apertures and different speckle generation parameters were captured, and the corresponding measurement errors were evaluated. Results (1) The influence of aperture and the optimization of speckle are independent of each other. The optimal speckle generation parameters (speckle size and density) are determined experimentally, which turn out to be consistent with existing theoretical models. (2) The optimal aperture is 5.6, because excessively large F-number causes the loss of high-frequency information and excessively small F-number leads to significant lens aberrations, both of which will reduce the measurement accuracy. Conclusions The optimal aperture and speckle generation parameters (speckle diameter and density) are found and proved to be uncorrelated through actual experiments in practical conditions. These results provide experimental basis for the selection of parameters in actual engineering applications.

This work investigates the airflow driven by dual axial-flow fans in an atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) wind tunnel and the expected entrainment of sand movement together. The present study is conducted via 3D numerical simulation based on modelling the entire wind tunnel, including the power fan sections. Three configurations of dual fans in the tunnel are proposed. Simulation results show that the airflow in the tunnel with dual-fan configuration can satisfy the logarithmic distribution law for ABL flows. The airflow driven by the dual fans placed together at the tunnel outlet is highly similar to that in the tunnel with single fans. Although the boundary layer thickness is reduced, the maximum airflow velocity (53.393 m/s) and turbulence intensity (12.02%), which are respectively 1.75 and 1.49 times higher than those under the single-fan configuration, can be reached when dual fans are separately placed at the tunnel inlet and outlet. The simulation and experiment manifest that the separated arrangement of dual fans in the tunnel should be suitable for the experimental study of aeolian sand transport. Some measures, such as wind tunnel construction adjustment and optimal roughness element arrangement, are necessary to guarantee the required boundary layer thickness in the wind tunnel.

Background For patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the efficacy and safety of novel P2Y 12 antagonists, including prasugrel or ticagrelor, has not been established relative to that of the clopidogrel-based triple-antiplatelet treatments (TAPTs; in combination with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor). The present meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of prasugrel- or ticagrelor-based TAPTs relative to that of clopidogrel TAPTs in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI. Methods The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials concerning prasugrel or ticagrelor (test) relative to clopidogrel (control). Depending on heterogeneity, studies were pooled with a random effects or a fixed effects model. Outcomes of blood flow after PCI were evaluated, including TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction), bleeding events, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Results Seven studies comprising 11,874 patients conformed to the inclusion criteria. The pooled results with the fixed effects model indicated that after PCI patients in the prasugrel or ticagrelor groups were as likely as those treated with clopidogrel to achieve TIMI grade 3 flow or experience bleeding events. However, compared with the control, the test groups had significantly less risk of MACE (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70 – 0.94, P = 0.004), especially at the 1-year follow-up (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66 – 0.95, P = 0.01). Conclusions A prasugrel- or ticagrelor-based TAPT may reduce the rate of MACEs, without increasing bleeding in STEMI patients undergoing PCI. However, due to the limited RCT studies and variations in study weight, results of this meta-analysis should be confirmed in a large RCT with adequate sample size and follow-up duration.

The evolutionary process of isolated dunes under the action of a unidirectional steady water flow is recorded from a bottom-up visual angle by optical synchronization imaging measurements. The morphological characteristics of dunes formed from different initial sand pile configurations are analyzed by an image-processing method. Results show that the trend of reproducing the crescent shape of the dune is shown in all sand piles, which is independent of the initial configuration. The triangular initial sand pile is found to be the first to stabilize to a crescent shape, whereas the square initial sand pile takes the longest time to form a stable crescent shape. This finding is essentially due to the shape effect of the triangle, which effectively reduces the amount of transverse moving sand particles. Based on the aspect ratio of the barchan dune that is stable at approximately 1, we determine that the evolution time required for the final stability of barchan dunes reproduced from different initial sand piles is approximately 200 s within the restriction of the present closed-water-tunnel experimental condition. Moreover, a dimensionless comparison of the profile curves of barchan dunes' stable morphologies reveals a "streamwise-spanwise" dimension of the dune, which essentially synthesizes characteristic information about windward face and two horns. This "streamwise-spanwise" dimension ultimately presents the self-attraction effect of the crescent shape. (C) 2019 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.

介绍了一种回热式空气能热泵系统,其回热装置采用管板式结构,在回收利用废气余热的同时避免了废气中墨料杂质和水蒸气对新风的污染.CFD数值模拟了新/回风在回热装置中的流动换热过程,结果显示:新风管道沿程压降和表面换热系数基本保持恒定,回热装置稳定连续工作;新/回风出口温度随环境温度线性变化,回风入口温度变化则会整体改变出口温度变化幅度.极端环境温度-20℃时,新风通过回热装置预热后温度可达272.7K以上,可保证热泵系统的正常工作.热泵系统COP计算结果显示:回热装置大幅提升了印刷烘干用热泵系统的COP值.对应热风烘干最优工作温度50℃,此时热泵COP值在2.81～7.94.

Turbulent wind patterns over a two-dimensional isolated downsized barchan dune under the influence of sinusoidal inflow with different amplitudes and periods are simulated. The evolution rules of wind velocity over time at different positions are revealed. The flow reattachment distance and turbulence intensity distribution are also compared. The results show that wind velocities at different positions of the dune whose similar evolvement process of going from short-term fast adjustment transition to long-term stable sinusoidal fluctuation, can be reasonably estimated by the present simulation. It is found that, for the leeward toe of a dune with complex reversed flow, the balance position value of the sinusoidal wind velocity fluctuation is no longer close to the value of the steady wind velocity but shows a velocity deviation of about 0.40m/s. The flow reattachment distances under different unsteady inflows ultimately show a sinusoidal fluctuation with time, and their values are all larger than that of the steady flow. These synthetically predict that the unsteady flow has a stronger shaping effect on the leeward side of the dune body by enhancing sand transport. In addition, the predicted distribution comparison between unsteady wind velocity and turbulence intensity indicates that the unsteady wind velocity has a dominant effect on the turbulence intensity.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroxy safflower yellow A (HSYA) on coronary heart disease through assessing the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. Coronary heart disease was induced in male Bama miniature swines via thoracoscope to serve as an animal model. Coronary heart disease swine were lavaged with 20 or 40 mg/kg HSYA. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, PPAR-γ, phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK)2 and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 were detected using western blot analysis. Treatment with HSYA significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of IL-1β (P<0.01), IL-6 (P<0.01), TNF-α (P<0.01), COX-2 (P<0.01) and iNOS (P<0.01), and significantly increased IL-10 mRNA level in the coronary heart disease model (P<0.01). Furthermore, HSYA treatment significantly decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (P<0.01) in the coronary heart disease model group, and enhanced the phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway (P<0.01). However, HSYA had no significant effect on the expression of PPAR-γ protein. The results of the present study suggest that HSYA is able to weaken coronary heart disease via inflammation, Bcl-2/Bax and the PPAR-γ signaling pathway.

Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava (MOVC) is a common type of Budd-Chiari syndrome. However, the pathogenesis of MOVC has not been fully elucidated. Recent studies demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in multiple diseases. To the best of our knowledge, specific changes in the expression of miRNAs in MOVC patients have not been previously assessed. The present study used a microarray analysis, followed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) validation, with the aim to access the miRNA expression levels in the plasma of 34 MOVC patients, compared with those in healthy controls. The results revealed a total of 16 differentially expressed miRNAs in MOVC patients. Subsequently, RT-qPCR analysis verified the statistically consistent expression of 5 selected miRNAs (miR-125a-5p, miR-133b, miR-423-5p, miR-1228-5p and miR-1266), in line with the results of the microarray analysis. These 5 miRNAs, which were described as crucial regulators in numerous biological processes and vascular diseases, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MOVC. Bioinformatics analysis of target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that these predicted targets were significantly enriched and involved in several key signaling pathways important for MOVC, including the ErbB, Wnt, MAPK and VEGF signaling pathway. In conclusion, miRNAs may involve in multiple signaling pathways contributing to the pathological processes of MOVC. The present study offers an intriguing new perspective on the involvement of miRNAs in MOVC; however, the precise underlying mechanisms require further validation.

A novel amperometric immunosensor was fabricated using an electropolymerized conducting polymer composite of pyrrole and 4-(3-pyrrolyl) butyric acid as the probe immobilization matrix. The biomolecule was immobilized via covalent bonding on the polymer surface with a high density of carboxyl groups. Instead of directly attaching the probe to the polymer surface, the streptavidin-biotin affinity complex was introduced to improve the bioactivity, orientation, and the amount of immobilized material. Polyvinyl alcohol was employed to improve the hydrophilicity of the polymer surface and further decrease the nonspecific protein adsorption. As a result, high sensitivity and specificity were achieved with a wide linear dynamic range. Using mouse immunoglobulin G as a model protein, the immunosensor exhibited a linear relationship between 7ng/mL and 20 mu g/mL with a limit of detection of 7ng/mL.

This chapter considers the Information Transmission of Consumer Products Quality…?>web information of consumer products quality and safety as research object. As to the transmission characteristics of social network, we established an information transmission model without the government’s intervention based on the social network to analyze the relationship of parameters in terms of the information transmission by means of simulation. The results show that the proposed model is more effective and feasible.

AIMS:To investigate the effects of resveratrol on high glucose (HG)-induced vascular injury, and to establish the mechanism(s) underlying these effects.MAIN METHODS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with glucose, and then incubated with resveratrol in the presence or absence of Compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were detected by flow cytometry, thiobarbituric acid reaction, and the nitroblue tetrazolium method, respectively. Protein levels of total and phosphorylated AMPKα and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were detected by immunoblotting.KEY FINDINGS:Resveratrol significantly ameliorated HG-induced decreases in cell viability and superoxide dismutase levels and increases in reactive oxygen species and MDA levels. Moreover, resveratrol significantly reversed HG-induced dephosphorylation of AMPKα and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. However, treatment with Compound C curtailed the beneficial effects of resveratrol on HG-treated HUVECs.SIGNIFICANCE:Resveratrol ameliorates HG-induced injury in HUVECs by activation of AMPKα, leading to increased cellular reductive reactions and decreased oxidative stress. These results provide further evidence for resveratrol-mediated activation of AMPKα.

The migration and proliferation of EPCs are crucial for re-endothelialization in vascular repair and development. Id1 has a regulatory role in the regulation of EPCs migration and proliferation. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that Id1 plays a regulatory role in modulating the migration and proliferation of EPCs by interaction with other factors. Herein, we report that the Id1 protein and E-box protein E2-2 regulate EPCs function with completely opposite effects. Id1 plays a positive role in the regulation of EPC proliferation and migration, while endogenous E2-2 appears to be a negative regulator. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assay revealed that the Id1 protein interacts and co-localizes with the E2-2 protein in EPCs. Further, endogenous E2-2 protein was found to block EPCs function via the inhibition of FGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression. The overexpression and silencing of Id1 have no direct regulatory role on VEGFR2 and FGFR1 expression. On the other hand, Id1 relieves the E2-2-mediated repression of FGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression to modulate EPCs proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. In summary, we demonstrated that Id1 and E2-2 are critical regulators of EPCs function in vitro. Id1 interacts with E2-2 and relieves the E2-2-mediated repression of FGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression to modulate EPCs functions. Id1 and E2-2 may represent novel therapeutic targets for re-endothelialization in vascular damage and repair.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP), the induced motion of polarizable particles in a non-uniform electric field, has been proven as a perfect candidate to transport, accumulate, separate and characterize micro-/nano-scale bioparticles in microfluidic systems. However, conventional fabrication technologies are complex, time-consuming and relatively expensive, leading to low throughput of the DEP-based systems. In this paper, we report a novel microfluidic alternating current DEP (AC-DEP) chip fabricated via inexpensive screen printing method. The innovation of our work consists in the extreme simplicity of the fabrication procedure, i.e., the main components, including electrodes and channels, were constructed by layer-by-layer screen printing process, which is especially suitable for high-throughput mass production. Carbon paste, instead of metals, was used to print interdigitated electrodes with semi-3D structure which not only reduces dramatically the chip cost but also increases particle trapping efficiency. To test the chip performance, yeast cells, as model cells, were trapped and separated from a mixed suspension with PS microspheres. Our results show that high capture rate and separation efficiency can be achieved under optimized conditions.

Objective The current meta-analysis determined the relevance of HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms in a Chinese population with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The CBM, CNKI, and MEDLINE databases were retrieved by computers. Domestic and international documents involving studies on the relevance of HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphisms in a Chinese population with pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from the database until May 2013, and statistical analysis was performed on all of the eligible results with RevMan5.0 software. Results Eleven case-control studies were collected, including 1364 cases in the pulmonary tuberculosis group and 1496 cases in the control group. The consolidated OR values and 95% confidence intervals of the case and control groups of HLA-DRB1 *04, HLA-DRB1 *15, and HLA-DRB1 *16 were 1.32 (1.09–1.60), 1.40 (1.01–1.93), and 1.36 (1.01–1.83), respectively. Conclusion HLA-DRB1 *04, HLA-DRB1 *15, and HLA-DRB1 *16 may be susceptibility genes for pulmonary tuberculosis in a Chinese population.

For a single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) conveying fluid, the internal flow is considered to be pulsating and viscous, and the resulting instability and parametric resonance of the CNT are investigated by the method of averaging. The partial differential equation of motion based on the nonlocal elasticity theory is discretized by the Galerkin method and the averaging equations for the first two modes are derived. The stability regions in frequency–amplitude plane are obtained and the influences of nonlocal effect, viscosity and some system parameters on the stability of CNT are discussed in detail. The results show that decrease of nonlocal parameter and increase of viscous parameter both increase the fundamental frequency and critical flow velocity; the dynamic stability of CNT can be enhanced due to nonlocal effect; the contributions of the fluid viscosity on the stability of CNT depend on flow velocity; the axial tensile force can only influence natural frequencies of the system however the viscoelastic characteristic of materials can enhance the dynamic stability of CNT. The conclusions drawn in this paper are thought to be helpful for the vibration analysis and structural design of nanofluidic devices.

Single-factor experiment was applied to get the optimum enzyme treatment condition: water bath in the oscillation trough at the frequency of 80 in 50°C with enzyme usage 35 IU/g for 48h. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), laser granularity distributing machine, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray diffractor (XRD) were used to analyze the product with enzyme treatment. Observing by TEM, we could see large volume of micro/nanofibrils had gathered together, while fibre was 100-300 nm long and far less than 100nm radial, meeting the requirement of micro/nanofibrils. Being analyzed with laser granularity distributing machine, part of the product had reached the micro/nanolevel. Analyzing by FTIR, we can conclude that after enzyme treatment and ultrasonic dispersion cellulose had no change in functional groups. From the crystallinity atlas, we find the crystallinity of wheat-straw micro/nanofibrils improved from 65.55% to 72.99%, showing that cellulose enzyme destroyed the non-crystallizing field effectively