The use of NF3 is significantly increasing every year. However, NF3 is a greenhouse gas with a very high global warming potential. Therefore, the development of a material to replace NF3 is required. F3NO is considered a potential replacement to NF3. In this study, the characteristics and cleaning performance of the F3NO plasma to replace the greenhouse gas NF3 were examined. Etching of SiO2 thin films was performed, the DC offset of the plasma of both gases (i.e., NF3 and F3NO) was analyzed, and a residual gas analysis was performed. Based on the analysis results, the characteristics of the F3NO plasma were studied, and the SiO2 etch rates of the NF3 and F3NO plasmas were compared. The results show that the etch rates of the two gases have a difference of 95% on average, and therefore, the cleaning performance of the F3NO plasma was demonstrated, and the potential benefit of replacing NF3 with F3NO was confirmed.

디지털 시스템 응용에 따라 로드 할당, 보드 크기, 동작 속도 등의 여러 요인에 의해 다양한 데이터버스 구조가 설계될 수 있다. 데이터버스는 핵심 제어용 소자와 주 메모리, 또는 다양한 I/O 소자들과의 인터페이스를 연결하는 주요 채널역할을 하기 때문에 고 신뢰성 시스템에서 안정적인 동작을 위해서는 해당 버스에서의 신호 전송 특성이 중요하게 다뤄진다. 그리고 데이터버스의 신호 건전성 특성은 PCB상의 레이아웃 구조 설계에 따라 주요하게 달라지므로 응용환경에 따른 적절한 설계가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 응용 환경에 따라 적합한 데이터버스의 설계를 위한 가이드라인을 제시하기 위해 4가지의 활용 가능한 데이터버스 기본 구조를 설계하여 시뮬레이션 및 하드웨어 측정을 통해 각 버스설계에 따른 신호 건전성 특성들을 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 주파수영역에서의 S 파라미터 및 시간영역에서의 신호파형과 Eye 다이어그램의 해석이 각 버스의 양방향 통신모드에 대해 수행되었고, 설계에 따라 제작된 각 버스구조의 하드웨어에 대해 오실로스코프를 이용한 측정결과가 함께 검토되었다. 최종적으로 설계된 4가지 버스 구조에 대한 기존에 없는 양방향 통신 신호의 세부 분석 결과들을 통해 응용분야에 따라 적합한 데이터버스 구조를 용이하게 설계할 수 있는 가이드라인을 제시하고자 하였다.

The purpose of this research is to improve the gas pipe structure of Ultra Large Container Vessel by reducing ship's life and logistics costs, used for maritime logistics transportation. For this purpose, we define the basic structure of the gas pipe currently in use on the vessel. And we want to show the improved structure of gas pipes for application to vessels by modeling of the gas pipes. The modeling conditions for gas pipes for vessels used the basic conditions of the engine and thermal fluid pressure to be used. This gas flow analysis methods using the computer simulations with defined models. Based on the modelling results, we presented the new structure of gas pipe model for vessels.

Contractor burdens defect liability after the completion of contract. At Korean developing era, the supply of the house was more important rather than defect liability of the house. As a number of houses became built, the defects of the houses have been emerging as a big issue. So, the acts related to apartment building have been changed continuously. But frequent modification of the acts made it difficult to solve the defect problems. In the housing act, the defects due to design are excluded, and the concept of the defect and manifestation of the defect is mixed. These problems have caused many legal disputes. To reduce these problems in the apartment building, the system related to defect liability should be streamlined. Therefore in this study, the settlement of the conceptual definition of defect liability of the building, the classification of defect and manifestation of defect, the treatment of defect due to design, and the beginning of defect liability in the sales contract for apartment were suggested.

We investigated the characteristics of meteorological conditions related to the strong downslope wind over the leeward side of the Taebaek Mountains during the period 2005~2010. The days showing the strong wind exceeding in Gangwon province were selected as study cases. A total of 15 days of strong wind were observed at Sokcho, Gangneung, Donghae, and Taebaek located over the Yeongdong region. Seven cases related to tropical cyclone (3 cases) and heavy snowfall (2 cases) and heavy rainfall (2 cases) over the Yeongdong region were excluded. To investigate the characteristics of the remaining 8 cases, we used synoptic weather chart, Sokcho radiosonde, Gangneung wind profiler and numerical model. The cases showed no precipitation (or ). From the surface and upper level weather chart, we found the pressure distribution of southern high and northern low pattern over the Korean peninsula and warm ridge over the Yeongdong region. Inversion layer (or stable layer) and warm ridge with strong wind were located in about 1~3 km (925~700 hPa) over mountains. The Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) indicated that warm core and temperature ridge with horizontal temperature gradient were which were located on 850 hPa pressure level above mountaintop. These results were summarized as a forecasting guidance of downslope windstorm in the Yeongdong region.

korThis study presents spatial characteristics of cloud using satellite image in the extreme heavy snowfall of the Yeongdong region. 3 extreme heavy snowfall events in the Yeongdong region during the recent 12 years (2001 similar to 2012) are selected for which the fresh snow cover exceed 50 cm/day. Spatial characteristics (minimum brightness temperature; Tmin, cloud size, center of cloud-cell) of cloud are analyzed by tracking main cloud-cell related with these events. These characteristics are compared with radar precipitation in the Yeongdong region to investigate relationship between cloud and precipitation. The results are summarized as follows, selected extreme heavy snowfall events are associated with the isolated, well-developed, and small-scale convective cloud which is developing over the Yeongdong region or moving from over East Korea Bay to the Yeongdong region. During the period of main precipitation, cloud-cell Tmin is low (-40 similar to -50 degrees C) and cloud area is small (17,000 similar to 40,000 km(2)). Precipitation area (>= 0.5 mm/hr) from radar also shows small and isolated shape (4,000 similar to 8,000 km(2)). The locations of the cloud and precipitation are similar, but in there centers are located closely to the coast of the Yeongdong region. In all events the extreme heavy snowfall occur in the period a developed cloudcell was moving into the coastal waters of the Yeongdong. However, it was found that developing stage of cloud and precipitation are not well matched each other in one of 3 events. Water vapor image shows that cloud-cell is developed on the northern edge of the dry(dark) region. Therefore, at the result analyzed from cloud and precipitation, selected extreme heavy snowfall events are associated with small-scale secondary cyclone or vortex, not explosive polar low. Detection and tracking small-scale cloud-cell in the real-time forecasting of the Yeongdong extreme heavy snowfall is important.

ABSTRACT Smart Grid Devices could have security vulnerabilities that hav e legacy communication networks because of the fact that Smart Grid employs bi-directional communications and adopted a variety of communication interface. Consequently, it is require d to build concrete response processes and to minimize the damage of the cyber attacks including security evaluation and certification methods. DCU is designed to collect meter data fr om numerous smart meter and send to utility’s server so DCU installed between smart meter and utility’s server. For this re ason, If DCU compromised by attacker then attacker could use DCU to launching point for and attack on other devices. However, DCU’s security evaluation and certification techniques do not suffice to be deployed in smart grid infrastructure. This work development DCU protection profile based on CC, it is expected that provide some assistance to DCU manufacturer for developmen t of DCU security target and to DCU operator for help safety management of DCUKeywords: DCU, Smart Grid, Protection Profile, Common Criteria 접수일(2014년 8월 29일), 수정일(1차: 2014년 10월 6일, 게재확정일(2014년 10월 6일)* 본 연구는 2012년도 지식경제부의 재원으로 한국에너지기술평가원(KETEP)의 지원을 받아 수행한 연구 과제입니다.(2012101050004A)†주저자, yjcho@ensec.re.kr‡교신저자, skkim@ensec.re.kr(Corresponding author)

During the administration of a construction project, various types of participants are engaged in the project. From the design phase to the maintenance phase, these participants may confront many risks. To avoid these risks, participants should utilize an insurance company or a bond company. The types of risks and liability that a construction manager may face are listed in the construction law or contract. But there are some arguments related to risk transferring and the content of risks. For this reason, construction managers must carefully consider any possible risks in the contract and the construction law. Therefore, for construction managers to deal with risks appropriately, the introduction of a legal requirement to carry professional liability insurance, a defined compensation range for damages, a method of guarantee in the event of defects, a defined compensation claim period for damage, and a method of damage claim were suggested in this study.

세계 주요 국가들은 전력수요 증가, 환경오염 등의 문제를 해결하기 위해 자국의 전력망을 스마트그리드로 변경하기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있다. 국내에서도 스마트그리드 도입을 위한 다방면의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 양방향 통신을 적용한 스마트그리드에는 기존 IT에 존재하는 사이버 위협이 적용되어, 국가적 차원에서 사회적 경제적 혼란을 야기할 수 있는 사이버 테러의 위험도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 사이버 공격에 대응하기 위해 사이버 침해사고 발생 시 이에 대한 조사와 이를 분석하고 재발 방지를 위한 노력이 필수적이다. 침해사고에 대응하기 위한 디지털 증거 수집에 대한 연구는 그간 꾸준히 진행되고 있으나 스마트그리드 환경에 적합한 디지털 증거 수집 방안에 대한 연구는 아직까지 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 스마트그리드 환경에서 필요한 증거 수집 요구사항과 기존까지 연구된 디지털 증거 수집 방안을 분석하여 스마트그리드 환경에 적합한 디지털 증거 수집 기법에 대해 제안한다. Considerable number of major countries have put great efforts to leverage the efficiency of power consumption using Smart Grid in order to resolve the critical issues with drastical growing demands regarding electricity, the crisis of environmental pollution and so on. There has been increasing number of researches to construct Smart Grid in Korea as well. The threats of cyber terror attacks which might cause national crisises in terms of economy and society have been climbing up because of the fact that Smart Grid employs bi-directional communications embedding the cyber threats from existing/legacy communication networks. Consequently, it is required to build concrete response processes including investigation and analysis on cyber breaches into Smart Grid. However, the digital evidence acquisition techniques do not suffice to be deployed in Smart Grid systems despite of the fact that the techniques, against cyber breaches into well-known networks, have been studied in plenty of time. This work proposes a novel digital evidence acquisition scheme appropriate to Smart Grid systems through intensive investigation of the evidence acquisition requirements in Smart Grid and the historical evidence acquisition methods.