调查自然保护地内的生物多样性现状,对了解当地野生动物种群动态和分布,并制订有效保护对策非常重要.由于地形复杂、植被浓密且缺乏系统调查,云贵高原东北边缘武陵山区的兽类和鸟类多样性数据较为缺乏.2017年3月-2018年12月,对位于武陵山区的湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区的地栖兽类和鸟类多样性现状、群落组成和行为节律进行了红外相机调查,以补充该区域鸟兽多样性本底资料.调查期内共监测了60个相机位点,累计18 525个相机日,拍摄到2 865张独立有效照片,包括8目25科37属,共15种兽类和35种鸟类,其中褐胁雀鹛(Schoeniparus dubius)、褐头鸫(Turdus feae)和白眉鹀(Emberiza tristrami)为保护区鸟类新记录种,相对多度指数较高的动物类群为啮齿目、鲸偶蹄目、食肉目、鸡形目和雀形目.对8种分布广泛、多度指数较高物种日活动节律分析发现:(1)红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和花面狸(Paguma larvata)分别为典型的昼行性和夜行性动物,且与其他地区种群的日活动节律高度相似;(2)毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)和野猪(Sus scrofa)均为昼夜兼性动物,但两者日活动节律存在显著差异;(3)红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)和红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、眼纹噪鹛(Garrulax ocellatus)和红嘴相思鸟(Leiothrix lutea)之间均存在不同程度的日活动节律差异.本研究补充了湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区地栖兽类和鸟类多样性现状的基础数据以及常见物种的活动节律,有助于今后深入推进本地区生物多样性保护与研究工作.

Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism focused on observing the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve (SNNR). After the program was launched in 2006, both the number of tourists and amount of revenue received by SNNR increased as the general trends of tourism revenue in the country also increased. As a result, SNNR significantly increased reinvestment in tourism and conservation infrastructure. Furthermore, after senior politicians visited the golden snub-nosed monkey, they abruptly changed their attitudes toward biological conservation, as indicated by an increase in both regular and additional funding for the species conservation. We conclude that flagship species tourism may not only generate revenue for conservation and management but also can improve officials' attitudes toward preserving biodiversity. However, it is important to ensure the continued safety and sustainability of such programs, from both the human and animal perspective, and we suggest stricter measures are introduced to reduce the risk of aerosol disease transmission from tourists to the monkeys.

有"动物王国"之称的神农架原始森林深处,生活着1060余种各类动物。其中,两栖类33种,爬行类40种,兽类76种,鱼类47种,鸟类308种,昆虫560种。川金丝猴、神农白熊、华南虎、金钱豹、白鹳、白蛇、大鸨等67种珍稀野生动物受国家重点保护。在这些动物中,川金丝猴尤为引人注目。