The thinner and higher density PKG (package) is being required strongly for the growth of smaller mobile devices. Especially, package on package technology (PoP) has become a mainstream for application processors which are installed in smartphones and tablets. However, the warpage of thinner PKG often causes a problem at the chip mounting process. The main factor of warpage is the mismatch of CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) between substrate and chip. Therefore, the lower CTE core materials are needed for the thinner PKG. Recently, Hitachi Chemical has developed the super-low CTE material, core and prepreg, applying our new resin system and filler treatment technology, and placed it on the market. Furthermore, a super-low CTE material of 0.7 ppm/K is currently under development. The super-low CTE material shows the best warpage performance in our low CTE core material lineups, maintaining its higher Tg, high modulus and low Dk/Df values.

Hyaluronan(HA) is a linear polymer of the repeating disaccharide structure by alternate of glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and D-N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc). HA is widely presence in connective tissue of skin, and it has important roles for freshness, tension and elasticity of skin. HA is used in variety fields such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food because of the safety as the material in vivo. At present, the sandwich method based on ELISA and HPLC are known as a method to determination of HA production. However, in order that the conventional method takes time, the method of determination of HA production in real time is required. Real time measurement of HA enable rapid analysis of HA and helps a research for mechanism of HA production in cells. In this study, GlcNAc which is one of a component of HA was fluoresceinated and the properties of the fluorescence labeled GlcNAc to HA measurement was researched. Human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) was cultured with medium (DMEM+10%FBS) in a CO2 incubator (37 , 5 %) for 4 days. After that, the fibroblasts were washed with DPBS(-) and disseminated in a 24 well plate followed by a treatment of 0.25% trypsin, and prepared the cell number to 1.0 10 and 5.0 10 cells/well and were cultured for 4-24 h. To evaluate the influence of GlcNAc or GlcUA on the HA synthesis, GlcNAc, GlcUA and retinol were added to the medium in final concentration of 10 mM , 1.0 M. After 24, 48, 72, 96 h incubation of fibroblast, the cells was heat-treated (100 , 10 min) and the supernatant was obtained. After treatment of pronase and re-heat-treatment, HA in the solution was determined by ELISA method. There was the knowledge that quantity of HA increased by addition of retinol + GlcNAc in keratinocyte, however, in this study, production of HA was not increase in NHDF. Influence of confluence percent on the HA production was evaluated. At the results, amount of HA in the case of using 50 % confluence of fibroblast cells is more produced than that of using 80 % confluence of the cells (Fig.1). However, significant differences between amount of HA in control and that of HA in cultured with GlcNAc or GlcUA.

Uptake and elimination of aflatoxins (AFs) by rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) during a long-term (21 days) dietary exposure were studied to assess contamination by AFs in aquaculture fish fed AF-containing feed. The uptake factor (UF) of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in muscle ranged from 0.40 × 10(-3) to 1.30 × 10(-3). AFB(1) concentrations in liver were 165-342 times higher than in muscle. AFs from feed were more highly accumulated in liver than in muscle. Aflatoxicol (AFL) and aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)) were detected in muscle and liver and also in the rearing water. AFL concentrations were higher than AFM(1) by 2 orders of magnitude in muscle, and AFL was a major metabolite of AFB(1). The elimination rate constants (α) of AFB(1) and AFL in muscle (1.83 and 2.02 day(-1), respectively) and liver (1.38 and 2.41 day(-1), respectively) were very large. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of AFB(1) was 0.38 days (9.12 h) in muscle and 0.50 days (12.00 h) in liver. The elimination half-life of AFL in muscle and liver was 0.34 day (8.16 h) and 0.29 day (6.96 h), respectively. These data show that AFs are eliminated rapidly and are not biomagnified in fish. Thus, AFB(1) concentration in muscle of fish fed AFB(1)-containing feed (ca. 500 μg/kg) decreased to below the detection limit (20 ng/kg) of the most sensitive analytical method at 1.54 days (36.96 h) after the change to uncontaminated feed.

A 70-year-old man with a history of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) since age 50 was admitted to the emergency department with chest pain and urticaria caused by FDEIA. Coronary angiography revealed total occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. After thrombus aspiration, a bare metal stent was placed into the culprit lesion, resulting in no residual stenosis. Urticaria disappeared on the second hospital day. This is the first reported case, to our knowledge, in which acute myocardial infarction followed FDEIA. Physicians should be aware of acute myocardial infarction as a rare but potential complication of FDEIA.

Experts in appraisal of material worthiness, such as pearl appraisers, can instantaneously evaluate object's material qualities when seeing them. This raise the possibility that perception of material qualities can be acquired through repeatedly seeing objects and learning image characteristics associated with material qualities. Here we aim to examine whether learning in material categorization tasks can increase the performance, and what other visual sensitivities can be affected by the learning. The stimuli were photographs of various materials (Sharan et al., 2009) divided into 2 material groups: the glossy material group (glass, plastic, water, and metal) and the non-glossy material group (wood, paper, fabric, and stone). Two different observer groups were assigned to the two material groups respectively. In a trial of the learning, four photographs, one from each material group, were simultaneously presented for 50 ms. Then the observer responded which photograph corresponded to a previously instructed material with a 4AFC procedure, followed by a correct / incorrect feedback. The learning period was 15 days, each of which included 200 trials for each observer. We also ran complementary experiments (specular, texture and color discrimination tasks) before and after the learning to examine learning effects for other visual tasks. The material categorization performances improved for both the two groups with the learning (40.9% to 59.9% of percent correct, in average), indicating that the material quality perception can be improved by perceptual learning as expected. In addition, the learning-related improvement of performances for the color and texture discrimination tasks was larger for the glossy material group. This difference in learning effects suggest that improvement of the material categorization performances is, at least partly, based on learning effect for the relatively lower-level visual processing associated with the image features which may underlie material categorization for each material group.