Copper-modified attapulgite clay was made of attapulgite clay and copper nitrate solution by ion exchange.The effects of copper-modified attapulgite clay on prevention and treatment of pullorum diseases were studied by mixing it with feed.In the preventive test,one hundred one dayold chickens were randomly divided into five groups,control group,infection group,No.1 prevention group,No.2 prevention group and chloramphenicol prevention group.Control group was fed normal diet without any treatment.Infection group was fed normal diet from 1st day to 15th day and infected with Salmonella pullorum at the 7th day.Prevention groups were given different levels of copper-modified attapulgite clay or chloramphenicol as prophylactic administration from 1st day to 15th day.Prevention groups were also infected with Salmonella pullorum at the 7th day.In the treatment test,one hundred one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into five groups,control group,infection group,No.1 treatment group,No.2 treatment group and chloramphenicol treatment group.Control group was fed normal diet without any treatment.Infection group was given normal diet and infected with salmonella pullorum at the 7th day.Treatment groups were infected with Salmonella pullorum at the 7th day and then given different levels of copper-modi fied attapulgite clay or chloramphenicol as treatment administration.During the test,morbidity,mortality,protection rate were monitored and recorded.Salmonella infection of cecum and liver were determined by SS plate culture.The weights of chicken and feed intake were recorded for measuring the growth performance.The morphology of jejunal was examined using optical microscope by histopathology.The results of prevention test showed that morbidity,mortality and isolating rate of Salmonella in live and caecum were decreased when adding copper-modified attapulgite clay in feed (1％).The growth performance of chickens was improved.The effect of 1％ coppermodified attapulgite clay group was better than other groups.The results of treatment test showed that the mortality and isolating rate of Salmonella in live and caecum were decrease when adding copper-modified attapulgite clay in feed (1.5％).The cure rate and growth performance of coppermodified attapulgite clay group were improved than other group.It was suggested that coppermodified attapulgite clay was characterized by antibacterial activity and protection of intestinal mucosa.It can prevent and treat pullorum diseases,reduce damage induced by salmonella pullorum and improve productivity performance of chicken.

蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis ssp.)属热带兰花,因花型奇特,色彩艳丽,花期持久,素有"兰花皇后"的美称,在国内外市场极受欢迎.蝴蝶兰是单茎性气生兰,极少发育侧枝,种子形成少而且困难,不易进行常规繁殖,所以组织培养成为蝴蝶兰高效繁殖的重要手段.有关蝴蝶兰组织培养的研究,多数集中在利用种子、花梗腋芽、茎尖、叶片、花梗节间、根尖等组织和器官为外植体,在一定条件下诱导形成原球茎,再通过原球茎进行增殖,或者通过愈伤组织分化不定芽.

以大蒜品种二水早为材料,研究不同浓度外源AsA(抗坏血酸)对大蒜试管苗玻璃化发生及生理生化变化的影响。结果表明,在不同浓度外源AsA作用下,大蒜玻璃化试管苗百分率、MDA(丙二醛)含量、电解质渗透率明显低于对照,叶绿素含量及SOD、POD和CAT活性与对照相比则有升高的趋势。在同一浓度AsA下,大蒜玻璃化试管苗的组织含水量、MDA含量、电解质渗透率,SOD、POD和CAT活性均显著高于大蒜正常试管苗,叶绿素含量低于正常试管苗。说明外源AsA可以有效抑制大蒜试管苗玻璃化现象发生。

Bulblets of'Yixing lily'were used as explants to study effects of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators and cutting ways on inducing adventitious buds from the bulblets,and effects of subculture ways on the proliferation of adventitious buds were also discussed.The results showed that the combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L 6-BA had a better effect on inducing adventitious buds from bulblets,and the inductivity and differentiation coefficient were 98.3% and 5.32,respectively.When the bottom part of single bulblet leaf was used as an explant,the inductivity and differentiation coefficient were 87.5% and 4.11,respectively.Subculturing the fasciculate buds without cutting could get a higher proliferation coefficient and a large number of test-tube bulbs.

The morphology and anatomy of shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from rachis of garlic(Allium sativum L.cv.Sanyuehuang) cultured in vitro was studied.The results showed:the buds that regenerated from rachis of garlic cultured in vitro were adventitious buds which were from direct organogenesis way,belong to externally originate.The adventitious buds came of the cortex parenchyma cells which around the side of phloem in bundle tissues.After dedifferentiation,the cortex parenchyma cells differentiated into some meristemoid and became shoot apical meristem,then formed leaf primordia.The adventitious buds and the vegetative buds that naturally formed generated in the same part.After rooted,adventitious buds can be effective plants,but 90.56% of which would formatted bulb if subculture period over 21 d.

Using the garlic variety'Ershuizao'as test material,the effects of different concentrations of exogenous H2O2 stress on occurrence of vitrification and the physiological and biochemical change in the garlic plantlet in vitro were studied in this paper.The results showed that,under different concentrations of exogenous H2O2,the vitrification plantlet rates,tissue water content,MDA content,rate of electrolyte leakage,SOD activity and POD activity were higher than that of control.But the chlorophyll content decreased with the increase of the concentration of exogenous H2O2.At a certain exogenous H2O2 concentration,the vitrification plantlet rates,tissue water content,MDA content,rate of electrolyte leakage,SOD activity,POD activity and CAT activity of vitreous plantlet were significantly higher than that of the normal plantlet,while the chlorophyll content of vitreous plantlet was lower than that of the normal one.The results revealed that exogenous H2O2 stress can enhance the effectively vitrification of the garlic plantlet in vitro.

以香石竹切花品种玛丽娜茎尖为外植体,成功地研究出该品种的高效繁殖体系.茎尖消毒采用质量分数0.5%的HgCl2溶液消毒2min,切取0.3～0.5mm长的茎尖分生组织,在MS+ρ(BA),3mg.L-1+ρ(NAA),0.4mg.L-1和MS+ρ(BA),3mg.L-1+ρ(GA3),0.6mg.L-1诱芽培养基上增殖倍数在30倍以上,基部愈伤组织也大;在(1/2)MS+ρ(IBA),0.3mg.L-1,(1/2)MS+ρ(IBA),0.5mg.L-1,(1/2)MS+ρ(IAA),0.1mg.L-1,(1/2)MS+ρ(NAA),0.1mg.L-1诱根培养基上,根诱导率均在88%以上.生根试管苗以蛭石为移栽基质,经高湿度荫棚锻炼后,移栽成活率在95%以上.