OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the predictive value of the Vasoactive Inotropic Score (VIS) for 28-day mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)-related hemodynamic deterioration, to determine its optimal cutoff value, and to analyze its independent association with 28-day mortality risk. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients with AF-related hemodynamic deterioration treated in the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from September 2020 to May 2025 were enrolled. General clinical data, laboratory indices at ICU admission, arterial blood gas analysis and vital signs at AF onset, and the peak VIS within 48 hours of AF onset were collected through the electronic medical record system. According to the 28-day outcome, the patients were divided into a survivor group and a non-survivor group. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive value of VIS for 28-day mortality and to determine its optimal cutoff value. After stratifying patients by VIS using the optimal cut off value, variables with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model to identify independent predictors of 28-day mortality. An ROC curve was further plotted to evaluate the predictive performance of the combined predictive model. RESULTS:A total of 123 ICU patients who met the definition of AF-related hemodynamic deterioration were identified through retrospective review of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring records and expert adjudication. Among them, 68 died and 55 survived within 28 days. Univariate analysis showed that, compared with the survivor group, patients in the non-survivor group were older, had higher proportions of diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and severe pneumonia, were more likely to receive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and had a lower proportion of postoperative cardiac surgery patients. The levels of the VIS, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), CHA2DS2-VASc score, HAS-BLED score, white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactic acid (Lac) at AF onset were higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. In contrast, the proportion of patients receiving anticoagulation therapy, bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels at AF onset, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at AF onset were lower, while the total length of hospital stay was shorter (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that VIS had good predictive performance for 28-day mortality, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.801 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.722-0.880, P<0.001]. When the optimal cutoff value of VIS was 129.705, the sensitivity was 61.8%, the specificity was 92.7%, and the Youden index was 0.545. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that VIS≥129.705 was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality [odds ratio (OR)=70.532, 95%CI was 10.043-495.320, P<0.001], whereas anticoagulation therapy was an independent protective factor (OR=0.073, 95%CI was 0.006-0.870, P=0.038). Variables including age, history of diabetes mellitus, cardiac surgery, and CRRT were not significantly associated with 28-day mortality (all P>0.05). The combined prediction of anticoagulation and VIS≥129.705 achieved an AUC of 0.938 (95%CI was 0.898-0.977, P<0.001), with a sensitivity of 92.6% and a specificity of 81.8%, indicating good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS:VIS can effectively predict 28-day mortality in ICU patients with AF-related hemodynamic deterioration. The optimal cutoff value was 129.705, and VIS≥129.705 was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in this population. The combined predictive model based on VIS exhibited favorable predictive performance and may serve as a bedside reference tool for early identification of high-risk patients, facilitating clinical risk stratification and individualized therapeutic optimization.

Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is a common and critically import clinical problem in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. However, PVAs are often underrecognized, underestimated and delayed, and there has been minimal success in automating their detection. In this study, we develop an efficient and fast end-to-end model to recognize PVAs on ventilator waveforms: running the model costs 106.5ms on CPUs and 7.8ms on GPUs. We propose label striping and stripe-mask encoding for efficient multi-class multi-target detecting. The model innovatively integrates causal convolutional, depth-wise separable convolutional, and recurrent neural networks to memorize long short-term causal features. With 60s waveform segments, our model performs a cross-validation mean average precision (mAP) of 88.1% and a testing mAP of 65.7% for comprehensive PVA detection. Our approach might be implemented as a monitoring tool to automatically identify PVAs for improving bedside and remote care and prioritizing patient comfort.

As medical treatment advances, a growing proportion of sepsis patients survive from their initial critical illness. However, excessive treatment and diminished quality of life after discharge raise substantial concerns. Sarcopenia affects 40%–70% of sepsis survivors, manifesting as flaccid weakness in the extremities and diaphragm. This condition typically resolves within weeks or months, but in some cases, recovery does not occur and may last for 2 years after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Consequently, sepsis patients with sarcopenia face an unfavorable long-term influence, and they also consume considerable medical resources. The mechanisms and treatments of sepsis-associated sarcopenia (SASP) are increasingly recognized as research priorities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms, measuring parameters, and therapeutic approaches for SASP.

BACKGROUND:Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection with high mortality in critically ill patients. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of mucormycosis in intensive care units (ICUs) remain poorly investigated. METHODS:We conducted a multicenter retrospective study including 43 adult patients with confirmed mucormycosis admitted to 14 tertiary ICUs between January 2014 and May 2022. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and outcomes were analysed. RESULTS:The mean age was 56.8 ± 16.2 years, with 16/43 (37.2%) female patients. The 28-day survival rate was 46.5% (20/43). Lung involvement was predominant (29/43, 67.4%), and 29/43 (67.4%) patients received amphotericin B therapy. Survivors showed significantly better treatment response compared to non-survivors (16/20, 80% vs. 4/23, 17.4%, p < 0.001). Non-survivors demonstrated significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and white blood cells, along with lower albumin levels. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was associated with a shorter time to diagnosis. Multivariate analysis identified age, respiratory failure, time from symptom onset to diagnosis, and antifungal treatment response as independent predictors of 28-day mortality (AUC = 0.852). CONCLUSION:In critically ill patients with mucormycosis, early diagnosis and prompt targeted therapy are crucial determinants of survival, with our newly developed prediction model providing a practical tool for risk stratification, while mNGS shows promise in expediting diagnosis.

Sepsis-acquired weakness (SAW) is a common complication in critically ill patients, yet significant gaps remain in both mechanistic understanding and therapeutic interventions for this condition. SAW not only prolongs the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization but is also closely associated with increased mortality. Even if these SAW patients survive, they often experience long-term physical dysfunction after hospital discharge, leading to diminished quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that sustained mitochondrial dysfunction may constitute a pivotal pathophysiological basis for the development and progression of SAW, primarily encompassing five key aspects: dysregulated mitochondrial quality control (MtQC), impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), exacerbated oxidative stress, disrupted Ca 2+ homeostasis, and their mediation of diverse myofiber injuries. This article systematically elucidates the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of SAW. Furthermore, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function, including mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress, optimizing nutritional support, and supplementing with muscle-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These insights provide a critical theoretical framework for understanding SAW mechanisms and developing clinical interventions, with particular emphasis on the translational value of mitochondrial-targeted therapies in improving outcomes for septic patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life of adult survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and identify the factors influencing their long-term outcomes. The findings are intended to provide a reference for optimizing post-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 106 adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors. Data were collected using the General Information Questionnaire, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey, the Barthel Index, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Scale, and the Nottingham Health Profile Part II. Statistical analyses included the two-sample rank sum test, multi-sample Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression to assess relationships between health-related quality of life and various factors. Long-term health-related quality of life scores for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors were 63.72 ± 20.87 for Physical Component Summary(PCS) and 72.69 ± 23.67 for Mental Component Summary (MCS). PCS was positively correlated with the Barthel Index score (r = 0.560, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Scale (r = -0.58, P < 0.01) and Nottingham Health Profile Part II scores (r = -0.757, P < 0.01). MCS showed similar trends, with a positive correlation with the Barthel Index score (r = 0.589, P < 0.01) and negative correlations with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Scale (r = -0.741, P < 0.01) and Nottingham Health Profile Part II (r = -0.647, P < 0.01). Independent factors affecting health-related quality of life included physical health, caregiver type, employment status, Barthel Index score, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Scale, and Nottingham Health Profile Part II score, accounting for 82.6

Background: To understand the present situation of long-term quality of life of adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors, this study aimed to analyze and discuss the influencing factors and provide a reference for standardizing continuous nursing schemes for such patients. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted by objective sampling using the General Information Questionnaire, 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), Barthel Index (BI), post-traumatic self-stress disorder rating scale (PTSD-SS), and Nottingham Health Profile part II (NHP-part II). A total of 106 adult ECMO survivors were included in the study. The quality of life, self-care ability, psychological state, and social adaptability of the patients were evaluated using investigative tools. A two-sample rank sum test or multi-sample Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: This study’s results showed that the score of long-term quality of life in adult ECMO survivors was (63.72±20.87) and that of their mental health was (72.69±23.67). Physical health was positively correlated with the BI score (r=0.560, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the PTSD-SS (r=-0.58, P < 0.01) and NHP-part II score (r=-0.757, P < 0.01). Mental health was positively correlated with the BI score (r=0.589, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the post-traumatic stress disorder self-rating score (r=-0.741, P < 0.01) and NHP-part II score (r=-0.647, P < 0.01). Physical health content, caregiver type, on-the-job status, BI evaluation score, PTSD-SS, and NHP-part II score were independent influencing factors of quality of life (P < 0.05), which explained 82.6 % of the variability. The content dimensions of mental health, working status, residence, BI evaluation score, PTSD-SS, and the NHP-part-II score were independent influencing factors (P < 0.05), which explained 73.9 % of the variation. Conclusion: Surviving adult patients on ECMO have poor long-term quality of life and varying degrees of physical, psychological, and social dysfunction, with especially social functions that are in urgent need of restoration. Long-term quality of life is affected by many factors, including caregiver type, employment status, BI level, PTSD-SS level, NHP-part II level, and place of residence. A professional medical team is needed to establish ECMO professional clinics to provide more comprehensive and accurate care and improve the overall quality of life.

Perioperative airway management and oxygenation maintenance during central airway obstruction (CAO) treatment pose great challenges. While veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) shows promise as a bridge therapy, optimal implementation and management strategies remain lacking. We present our experience with V-V ECMO in CAO management from a high-volume center. We retrospectively analyzed 29 consecutive patients who received V-V ECMO support for CAO between 2015 and 2023. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, ECMO cannulation and operation parameters, interventional procedures, complications, and outcomes were reviewed. Among patients with median airway diameter of 4.5 mm (IQR 2–5 mm), etiologies included primary tumors (n = 17), metastases (n = 7), and post-intubation/tracheostomy stenosis (n = 5). Treatment comprised bronchoscopic interventions (n = 9) and surgical procedures (thoracic = 15, head/neck = 5). Using predominantly femoral-jugular cannulation (n = 27), we implemented a minimal anticoagulation protocol (catheter flush with 5U/mL heparin only). All patients survived through 6-month follow-up with minimal ECMO-related complications. The application of V-V ECMO with minimal anticoagulation demonstrates safety and efficacy as a bridging support in the therapeutic approach to CAO.

The development of intensive care medicine is inseparable from the diversified monitoring data. Intensive care medicine has been closely integrated with data since its birth. Critical care research requires an integrative approach that embraces the complexity of critical illness and the computational technology and algorithms that can make it possible. Considering the need of standardization of application of big data in intensive care, Intensive Care Medicine Branch of China Health Information and Health Care Big Data Society, Standard Committee has convened expert group, secretary group and the external audit expert group to formulate Chinese Experts’ Consensus on the Application of Intensive Care Big Data (2022). This consensus makes 29 recommendations on the following five parts: Concept of intensive care big data, Important scientific issues, Standards and principles of database, Methodology in solving big data problems, Clinical application and safety consideration of intensive care big data. The consensus group believes this consensus is the starting step of application big data in the field of intensive care. More explorations and big data based retrospective research should be carried out in order to enhance safety and reliability of big data based models of critical care field.

BACKGROUND:While sarcopenia is recognized as a predictor of mortality in cirrhosis, its influence on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains uncertain. Despite multiple studies examining the impact of sarcopenia on short-term mortality in patients with ACLF, the sample size of these studies was limited, and their outcomes were inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of sarcopenia on both short- and long-term mortality in patients with ACLF. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study included 414 patients with ACLF that were treated between January 2016 and September 2022. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the measurement of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3-SMI). Subsequently, the patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups. We analysed the basic clinical data of the two groups. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis was used to analyse short-term (28 days) and long-term (1 year and overall) mortality rates. RESULTS:A total of 414 patients were included, with a mean age of 52.88 ± 13.41 years. Among them, 318 (76.8%) were male, and 239 (57.7%) had sarcopenia. A total of 280 (67.6%) patients died during the study period. Among them, 153 patients died within 28 days (37%) and 209 patients died within 1 year (50.5%). We found that the 28-day, 1-year and overall mortality rates in the sarcopenia group were significantly higher than those in the non-sarcopenia group (37% vs. 22.3%, P < 0.01; 50.5% vs. 34.9%, P < 0.01; and 67.6% vs. 53.1%, P < 0.01, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with increased mortality. The hazard ratios for sarcopenia were 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41-3.00, P < 0.01) for 28-day mortality, 1.81 (95% CI 1.29-2.54, P < 0.01) for 1-year mortality and 1.82 (95% CI 1.30-2.55, P < 0.01) for overall mortality. In addition, muscle density and international normalized ratio were associated with short- and long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Sarcopenia is associated with both short- and long-term mortality in patients with ACLF. Therefore, regular monitoring for sarcopenia is important for these patients.

BACKGROUND:In the process of mechanical ventilation, the problem of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is faced. This study proposes a self-developed remote mechanical ventilation visualization network system to solve the PVA problem.METHOD:The algorithm model proposed in this study builds a remote network platform and achieves good results in the identification of ineffective triggering and double triggering abnormalities in mechanical ventilation.RESULT:The algorithm has a sensitivity recognition rate of 79.89% and a specificity of 94.37%. The sensitivity recognition rate of the trigger anomaly algorithm was as high as 67.17%, and the specificity was 99.92%.CONCLUSIONS:The asynchrony index was defined to monitor the patient's PVA. The system analyzes real-time transmission of respiratory data, identifies double triggering, ineffective triggering, and other anomalies through the constructed algorithm model, and outputs abnormal alarms, data analysis reports, and data visualizations to assist or guide physicians in handling abnormalities, which is expected to improve patients' breathing conditions and prognosis.

目的:探讨不同剂量右美托咪定对成人体外循环心脏手术后血流动力学的影响.方法:将 2019 年 1 月至 2021 年 9 月绵阳市中心医院收治的体外循环心脏手术后的成年患者共 180 例采用随机数字表法分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组(每组60 例).低剂量组患者给予右美托咪定 0.4 μg/(kg·h)泵入,高剂量组患者给予右美托咪定 0.8 μg/(kg·h)泵入,对照组患者给予等量 0.9％氯化钠注射液泵入,其余处理方案三组一致.测量进入重症监护室(ICU)时(T0),进入ICU后 6 h(T1)、12 h(T2)和24 h(T3)的血流动力学指标和心肌酶学指标水平,记录心律失常发生率及最终点ICU停留时间.结果:低剂量组和高剂量组患者在T1、T2、T3 时的心输出量大于对照组,静脉血肌钙蛋白I、肌酸激酶同工酶及乳酸水平低于对照组,但未表现出明显剂量-效应关系.高剂量组患者较低剂量组和对照组更易出现缓慢型心律失常,但使用右美托咪定能缩短ICU停留时间.结论:使用右美托咪定可以稳定体外循环心脏手术后血流动力学,并对心肌缺血再灌注损伤起到一定的保护作用,缩短ICU停留时间,但无明显剂量-效应关系.使用高剂量的右美托咪定更易出现低血压及缓慢型心律失常.

Purpose: Our study aimed to explore potential prognostic factors in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) patients from easily accessible laboratory data and to investigate whether the combination of these indicators with a score for toxic epidermal necrolysis (SCORTEN) can improve the predictive value. Methods: Data from 85 SJS/TEN patients hospitalized from 2010 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Univariate analysis was used to screen for laboratory indexes associated with death. Logistic regression was used to analyze significant risk factors for death. The differentiation and calibration of SCORTEN and modified score were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and HosmerLemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the incremental prognostic value.Results: Among the 85 patients (37 males, 48 females) aged 14-88 years, the mortality rate was 11.8% (n = 10). SCORTEN had good discrimination and calibration to predict mortality in this cohort of patients (area under the ROC curve [AUC] of 0.874, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.758-0.990; Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test P = 0.994). Red cell distribution width-standard deviation index (RDW-SD) > 47.9 fL and procalcitonin (PCT) > 0.67 ng/mL were significant risk factors for death. When adding the 2 factors to SCORTEN, AUC was 0.915 (95% CI, 0.833-0.997), but not statistically different compared to SCORTEN alone (P = 0.091). The NRI was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.672-1.728; P < 0.001) and the IDI was 0.09 (95% CI, 0.011-0.173; P = 0.026), still suggesting that the modified score had better discriminatory and predictive power than SCORTEN alone. The modified score also showed good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, P = 0.915).Conclusions: SCORTEN is a good predictor of mortality in SJS/TEN patients in southwest China. Combining RDW-SD > 47.9 fL and PCT > 0.67 ng/mL with SCORTEN may enhance the ability to predict prognosis.

Sepsis and septic shock affect millions of people worldwide each year with high clinical mortality rates. At present, basic research on sepsis has emerged in an endless stream, but there are few effective clinical translation results. Ginseng, a medicinal and edible representative of Araliaceae plants, contains a variety of biologically active compounds including ginsenosides, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and polypeptides. Neuromodulation, anticancer activity, blood lipid regulation, and antithrombotic activity have been linked to ginseng treatment. At present, basic and clinical research have suggested various applications of ginseng in sepsis. In view of the different effects of various ginseng components on the pathogenesis of sepsis, and in order to further understand and develop the possible value of ginseng in sepsis, this manuscript reviews the application of various components of ginseng in the treatment of sepsis in recent years.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction syndrome caused by host response disorders due to infection or infectious factors and is a common complication of patients with clinical trauma, burns, and infection. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol compound that is a SIRT-1 activator with anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal inhibitory abilities as well as cardiovascular and anti-tumor protective effects. In recent years, some scholars have applied resveratrol in animal models of sepsis and found that it has an organ protective effect and can improve the survival time and reduce the mortality of animals with sepsis. In this study, Medline (Pubmed), embase, and other databases were searched to retrieve literature published in 2021 using the keywords “resveratrol” and “sepsis,” and then the potential of resveratrol for the treatment of sepsis was reviewed and prospected to provide some basis for future clinical research.

Sepsis is an uncontrolled host response to infection. In some cases, it progresses to multi-organ insufficiency, leading to septic shock and increased risk of mortality. Various organ support strategies are currently applied clinically, but they are still inadequate in terms of reducing mortality. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep and wakefulness, and it is associated with a reduced risk of death in patients with sepsis. Evidence suggests that melatonin may help protect organ function from sepsis-related damage. Here, we review information related to the role of melatonin in protecting organ function during sepsis and explore its potential clinical applications, with the aim of providing an effective therapeutic strategy for treating sepsis-induced organ insufficiency.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a predominantly respiratory infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2), respiratory failure is the main clinical manifestation and the leading cause of death. Even though it can meet the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Berlin definition, only some clinical features of COVID-19 are consistent with typical ARDS, and which has its own peculiar phenotypes. When compared with typical ARDS, in addition to the typical diffuse alveolar injury, COVID-19 has unique pathological and pathophysiological features, such as endothelial injury, extensive microthrombus, and pulmonary capillary hyperplasia. The clinical features of patients with respiratory failure caused by COVID-19 are heterogeneous and can be generally divided into two phenotypes: progressive respiratory distress and unique “silent hypoxemia”. The “H-type” characteristics of reduced lung volume, decreased lung compliance, and unmatched ventilator-perfusion ratio. While some patients may have close to normal lung compliance, that is “L-type”. Identifying the exact phenotype in whom are suffered with COVID-19 is crucial to guide clinicians to adopt appropriate treatment strategies. This review discussed the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment strategies of COVID-19 induced acute respiratory failure and typical ARDS.

Fibrosis can occur in various organs, leading to structural destruction, dysfunction, and even organ failure. Hence, organ fibrosis is being actively researched worldwide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a naturally occurring hormone, binds to a G-protein-coupled receptor widely distributed in the pancreas, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. Synthetic GLP-1 analogs can be used as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for treating diabetes mellitus. In recent years, GLP-1RAs have also been found to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular protective effects. GLP-1RAs have also been shown to inhibit fibrosis of solid organs, such as the lung, heart, liver, and kidney. In this review, we discuss the advancements in research on the role of GLP-1RAs in the fibrosis of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and other organs to obtain new clues for treating organ fibrosis.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most frequent type of urinary system cancer. The prognosis of BC is poor due to high metastasis rates and multidrug resistance. Hence, development of novel therapies targeting BC cell death is urgently needed. As a novel cell death type with strong antitumor potential, ferroptosis has been investigated by many groups for its potential in BC treatment. As an iron-dependent cell death process, ferroptosis is characterized by excessive oxidative phospholipids. The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis include iron overload and the system Xc-GSH-GPX4 signaling pathway. A recent study revealed that ferroptosis is involved in the metastasis, treatment, and prognosis of BC. Herein, in this review, we comprehensively summarize the mechanism of ferroptosis, address newly identified targets involved in ferroptosis, and discuss the potential of new clinical therapies targeting ferroptosis in BC.

Here, we aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 27 patients with severe pneumonia caused by Chlamydia psittaci between January 2019 and April 2021 in southwest China. To this end, we collected data on the exposure history, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, imaging characteristics, evolution, etiology, treatment, and outcomes to suggest a better diagnosis and prevention system. Our results showed that a metagenomic next-generation sequencing test could provide early diagnosis. All patients were sensitive to quinolones and tetracyclines, and the recovery rate was relatively high. Overall, all patients were in critical condition with moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock. In conclusion, early diagnosis of pneumonia caused by C. psittaci depends on effective molecular testing, and most patients recover after treatment.