During a study on sediment bacterial diversity in coastal China, three bacterial strains, DH-69T, EH-24, and ECK19T, were isolated from coastal sediments off Xiaoshi Island, Weihai. These strains were Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, and coccoid to rod-shaped with prosthecae and flagella. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene showed that they shared the highest identity values with Hyphococcus flavus MCCC 1K03223T (96.2-97.6 %), followed by Marinicaulis flavus SY-3-19T (95.2-96.8 %) and Marinicaulis aureus HHTR114T (95.2-96.2 %). Genome comparisons using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) suggested that the three novel strains and the three related strains belonged to the same genus, with strains DH-69T, EH-24, and ECK-19T identified as two distinct novel species. Pan-genome analysis revealed that 995 core genes were shared among 23 Hyphococcus genomes/MAGs. Secondary metabolites analysis identified a biosynthesis gene cluster for microsclerodermin, a potent antifungal peptide, in the novel strains. Moreover, these newly isolated strains were detected in various ecosystems, with a particular prevalence in marine environments, based on analysis of 500,048 amplicon datasets, underscoring their ecological preference. Based on polyphasic characterizations, strains DH-69T and EH-24 represent a novel species of the genus Hyphococcus, for which the name Hyphococcus formosus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain DH-69T (= MCCC 1H00436T = KCTC 8010T). Strain ECK-19T represents another novel Hyphococcus species, for which the name Hyphococcus lacteus sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ECK-19T (= MCCC 1H00435T = KCTC 8009T). Furthermore, Marinicaulis flavus and Marinicaulis aureus are proposed to be reclassified as Hyphococcus luteus nom. nov. and Hyphococcus aureus comb. nov., respectively, accompanied by an emended description of the genus Hyphococcus.

A novel slightly halophilic, aerobic, and Gram- stain- negative strain, designated as CH- 27T, was isolated during a bacterial resource investigation of intertidal sediment collected from Xiaoshi Island in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain CH- 27Twere rod- shaped with widths of 0.3-0.6 mu m and lengths of 2.0-11.0 mu m. Strain CH- 27T grew optimally at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 and with 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Catalase activity was weakly positive and oxidase activity was positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CH- 27T was most related to Marinihelvus fidelis KCTC 92639T (93.6 %), followed by Wenzhouxiangella marina MCCC 1K00261T (92.0 %). Based on genome comparisons between strain CH- 27T and M. fidelis KCTC 92639T, the average amino acid identity was 63.6 % and the percentage of conserved proteins was 48.3 %. The major cellular fatty acid of strain CH- 27T (>= 10 %) was iso- C15 :0 and the sole respiratory quinone was quinone- 8. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 62.7 mol%. Based on comprehensive analysis of its phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CH- 27T represents a novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Elongatibacter sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CH- 27T (=MCCC 1H00480T=KCTC 8011T).

In the classical microbial isolation technique, the isolation process inevitably destroys all microbial interactions and thus makes it difficult to culture the many microorganisms that rely on these interactions for survival. In this study, we designed a simple coculture technique named the "sandwich agar plate method," which maintains microbial interactions throughout the isolation and pure culture processes. The total yield of uncultured species in sandwich agar plates based on eight helper strains was almost 10-fold that of the control group. Many uncultured species displayed commensal lifestyles. Further study found that heme was the growth-promoting factor of some marine commensal bacteria. Subsequent genomic analysis revealed that heme auxotrophies were common in various biotopes and prevalent in many uncultured microbial taxa. Moreover, our study supported that the survival strategies of heme auxotrophy in different habitats varied considerably. These findings highlight that cocultivation based on the "sandwich agar plate method" could be developed and used to isolate more uncultured bacteria.

The flavor is a most important characteristic of wine, which is the hotspot of research all the time. The aim of this work was to conduct a meta-analysis to discover the extent of the research on wine flavor that has already been conducted and to understand the trends that point toward future research. Using the Web of Science database, 3812 papers (3519 articles and 293 reviews) on wine flavor published between 2003 and 2022, were identified and submitted to bibliometric and visual analysis using the VOSviewer software, CiteSpace and R-bibliometrix, highlighting the years of publication, the main authors, the institutions, the main journals and the country of origin of both the authors and the scientific production analyzed, as well as the future research topics, hotspots and frontiers etc.. The present work brings forward data in a unique and up-to-date way and provide important clues about research trends and frontiers.

In this study, two novel bacterial strains were isolated from coastal sediment of Weihai, China. The two strains were Gram-stain-negative and facultatively aerobic, designated 3-1745 T and A346 T . Based on phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic properties, strains 3-1745 T and A346 T represent two novel species of the genus Marinobacterium . The results of genome analysis revealed many central carbohydrate metabolism pathways such as gluconeogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, tricyclic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway and PRPP biosynthesis in the genus Marinobacterium . The ability of strains 3-1745 T and A346 T to utilize volatile fatty acids was experimentally confirmed. Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases (PhaA, PhaB and PhaC) for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates were prevalent in the genus Marinobacterium . Multiple BGCs (biosynthetic gene clusters) including betalactone, ectoine, ranthipeptide, redox-cofactor, RiPPs (ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides) and T3PKS (polyketide synthases) in the genome of the genus Marinobacterium were found. Additional genome analyses suggested that the genus Marinobacterium contained diverse potential mechanisms of salt tolerance and mainly utilized oligosaccharides. This is the first report on broad genomic analyses of the genus Marinobacterium with the description of two novel species and potential ecological and biotechnological implications.

A novel Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated A6E488T, was isolated from intertidal sediment collected from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, PR China (122° 1′ E 37° 31′ N). Cells of strain A6E488T were rod-shaped with widths of 0.3–0.4 µm and lengths of 1.1–1.8 µm. The optimal growth conditions were determined to be in 1 % (w/v) NaCl, at 37 °C, and at pH 7.0. The predominant fatty acids (≥10 %) were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (59.7 %) and summed feature 8 (13.8 %, C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The sole isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. Oxidase activity was negative but catalase activity was positive. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified glycolipid, and one unidentified lipid. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain A6E488T showed the highest sequence similarity to Microbaculum marinum MCCC 1K03192T (97.6 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain A6E488T and M. marinum MCCC 1K03192T did not exceed 78 and 22 %, respectively. These values are below the recommended thresholds of 95 % (ANI) and 70 % (dDDH) for prokaryotic species delineation. On the basis of gene annotation, it was observed that strain A6E488T possesses the capability for thiosulphate oxidation, suggesting that this strain might be important in the sulphur cycle. Based on the results of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemical characterization, strain A6E488T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Microbaculum, for which the name Microbaculum marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A6E488T (=KCTC 92197T=MCCC 1H00516T).

The phylum Gemmatimonadota is widespread but rarely cultured and, in fact, there are only six described species isolated from soil, freshwater, and wastewater treatment. However, no isolates of Gemmatimonadota from marine environment have been described; thus, little is known about the physiology and metabolism of members of the marine lineages. In this study, four novel facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains belonging to Gemmatimonadota were isolated from marine sediments collected from Xiaoshi Island in Weihai, China, using an aerobic enrichment method. The integrated results of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics supported that these four strains represent one novel species in a novel genus, for which the name Gaopeijia maritima gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, as the first representative of novel taxa, Gaopeijiales ord. nov., Gaopeijiaceae fam. nov. in the class Longimicrobiia. Gaopeijiales was detected in 22,884 out of 95,549 amplicon data sets, mainly from soil. However, the highest mean relative abundances were in sponge (0.7%) and marine sediment (0.35%), showing salt-related character. Most of the Gaopeijiales subgroups potentially belong to the rare bacterial biosphere. The aerobic enrichment in this study could significantly increase the relative abundance of Gaopeijiales (from 0.37% to 2.6%). Furthermore, the metabolic capabilities inferred from high-quality representative Gaopeijiales genomes/MAGs suggest that this group primarily performs chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism with facultatively anaerobic characteristics and possesses various secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), mirroring those observed in the four novel strains. IMPORTANCE Despite rapid advances in molecular and sequencing technologies, obtaining pure cultures remains a crucial research goal in microbiology, as it is essential for a deeper understanding of microbial metabolism. Gemmatimonadota is a widespread but rarely cultured bacterial phylum. Currently, there are only six cultured strains of this interesting group, all isolated from non-marine environments. Little is known about the physiology and metabolism of members of the marine lineages. Here we isolated and characterized four novel marine strains, and proposed a new order Gaopeijiales within Gemmatimonadota. Furthermore, the global distribution, environmental preference, and metabolic potential of Gaopeijiales are analyzed using public data. Our work enriches the resources available for the under-represented phylum Gemmatimonadota and provides insights into the physiological and metabolic characteristics of the marine lineage (Gaopeijiales) through culturology and omics.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and non-motile bacterial strain, designated SDUM287046T, was isolated from the coastal sediments of Jingzi Port of Weihai, China. Cells of strain SDUM287046T were rod-shaped with widths of 0.4–0.5 μm and lengths of 0.7–1.4 μm and could produce flexirubin-type pigments. Optimum growth of strain SDUM287046T occurred at 33–35 °C, pH 7.0, and with 2% (w/v) NaCl. Oxidase activity was negative, but catalase activity was positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SDUM287046T was most closely related to Aequorivita aquimaris D-24T (98.3%). The main cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3–OH, and summed feature 9 (comprised of iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or C16:0 10-methyl). The sole respiratory quinone was MK-6. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one aminolipid (AL), three unidentified glycolipids (GL), and three unidentified lipids (L). The DNA G + C content was 39.3 mol%. According to the integrated results of phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain SDUM287046T represents a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SDUM287046T (=KCTC 92754T = MCCC 1H01418T). Comparative genomic analysis showed that the 16 Aequorivita species shared 1453 core genes and differed mainly in amino acid metabolism, cofactor metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. Biogeographic distribution analysis indicated that the marine environments were the primary habitat of Aequorivita bacteria.

Two novel Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, chemoheterotrophic, non-motile and rod-shaped strains were isolated from intertidal sediment sampled at Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, PR China. Full sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed that the two strains were closely related to members of the genus Winogradskyella and the phylogenetic similarities to their closest relative, Winogradskyella aquimaris, were 96.7 and 95.8 %, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains 2Y89T and D23T were 33.3 and 35.1 mol%, respectively. The respiratory quinone detected in both strains was MK-6. The major fatty acids detected in strain 2Y89T were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 1G, and in strain D23T they were iso-C15 : 1G, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 03-OH. The principal polar lipids of strain 2Y89T mainly included phosphatidylethanolamine, aminoglycolipids, unidentified aminolipids, unidentified glycolipids and unidentified lipids; strain D23T was the same as strain 2Y89T except that it did not contain aminoglycolipids. Based on the phenotypic, chemical taxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic features established in this study, we suggest that the new strains represent two novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the names Winogradskyella vincentii sp. nov. (type strain 2Y89T=MCCC 1H00477T=KCTC 92034T) and Winogradskyella alexanderae sp. nov. (type strain D23T=MCCC 1H00462T=KCTC 92023T) are proposed.

A novel strain, isolate 5K15T, which belongs to difficult-to-cultivate phylum Verrucomicrobiota, was recovered from kelp collected from Li Island, Rongcheng, China. The genome sequence of the strain (genome size 3.95 Mbp) showed the presence of four putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), namely, two terpene biosynthetic gene clusters, one aryl polyene biosynthetic cluster, and one type III PKS cluster. Genomic analysis revealed 79 sulfatase-encoded genes, 24 sulfatase-like hydrolase/transferase-encoded genes, and 25 arylsulfatase-encoded genes, which indicated the great potential of 5K15T to degrade sulfated polysaccharides. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was most closely related to Oceaniferula marina N1E253T (96.4%). On the basis of evidence from a polyphasic study, it is proposed that the strain 5K15T (= KCTC 82748T = MCCC 1H00442T = SDUM 810003T) be classified as Oceaniferula flavus sp. nov. The strain has the ability of carbohydrate transport and metabolism. This ability allows it to survive in carbohydrate-rich materials such as kelp. It has the potential to be used in the marine drug industry using seaweed.

Two novel strains, Z083T and Z084, were isolated from the viscera of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, sampled in Weihai, PR China. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics of the two strains were studied. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the two strains were 99.8 and 98.9 %, respectively, suggesting that the two strains belonged to the same species. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 99.8 % similarity between the two strains, while the genome analysis indicated that they were not from one clonal origin. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the two strains belonged to the genus Aestuariirhabdus and Aestuariirhabdus litorea JCM 32043T was the closest strain (97.5 %). Genomic analysis, including calculations of ANI, dDDH, amino acid identity (AAI) and percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), between Z083T, Z084 and A. litorea JCM 32043T clearly separated those two strains from A. litorea JCM 32043T as the values were below the thresholds for species delineation. The genome size of strains Z083T and Z084 were approximately 4.16 and 4.23 Mbp, respectively, and the DNA G+C contents of both strains were 51.8 mol%. According to the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characterizations and the results of genome analysis, Z083T and Z084 could be identified as belonging to a novel species of the genus Aestuariirhabdus, for which the name Aestuariirhabdus haliotis sp. nov., is proposed, with Z083T (=MCCC 1H00501T=KCTC 92006T) as the type strain.

Two novel rod-shaped and Gram-negative bacterial strains, designated A6E486 T and 5E331 T , were isolated from a coastal sediment sample taken from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, China, and a fresh kelp sample collected from a kelp culture area, Rongcheng, China, respectively. Growth of strain A6E486 T occurred at 20°C–43°C (optimum, 33°C–35°C) at pH 5.5–7.5 (optimum, 6.5) and in the presence of 1.0%–5.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5%–3.0%). Strain 5E331 T grew with 1.5%–5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0%) at 15°C–40°C (optimum, 33°) and pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum, 7.0). The similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence between the two strains was 95.2%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains A6E486 T and 5E331 T belong to the genus Kordiimonas , sharing the highest similarity to the genus Kordiimonas (94.6%–96.8%, 94.9%–96.1%, respectively). Strains A6E486 T and 5E331 T had percentage of conserved protein (POCP) values of 56.0%–67.3% and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 68.8%–73.1% to members of the genus Kordiimonas . The major polar lipids detected in the two strains were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and unidentified glycolipids, aminolipids, and lipids. The predominant respiratory quinone of the two strains was Q-10. Based upon the results presented in this study, strains A6E486 T and 5E331 T represent two novel species of the genus Kordiimonas , for which the names Kordiimonas marina and Kordiimonas laminariae are proposed with the type strains A6E486 T (= KCTC 82758 T = MCCC 1H00470 T ) and 5E331 T (= KCTC 92199 T = MCCC 1H00515 T ), respectively. Comparative genomic analysis showed that seven species of the genus Kordiimonas shared 1,258 core genes and had differences in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. The pan-genome of the genus Kordiimonas was open. The prediction of secondary metabolites showed that most strains of the genus Kordiimonas had the ability to produce homoserine lactones, one of the most important signal molecules in the quorum-sensing system of Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, numerous genes involved in bacterial defense, motility and chemotaxis, cold adaptation, and environment stress response were found in the genus Kordiimonas , indicating the marine-adapted lifestyle of members of the genus Kordiimonas .

Due to the unique advantages comparing with traditional free enzymes and chemical catalysis, whole-cell biocatalysts have been widely used to catalyze reactions effectively, simply and environment friendly. Cell-surface display technology provides a novel and effective approach for improved whole-cell biocatalysts expressing heterologous enzymes on the cell surface. They can overcome the substrate transport limitation of the intracellular expression and provide the enzymes with enhanced properties. Among all the host surface-displaying microorganisms, yeast is ideally suitable for constructing whole cell-surface-displaying biocatalyst, because of the large cell size, the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status, and the perfect post-translational processing of secreted proteins. Yeast cell-surface display system has been a promising and powerful method for development of novel and improved engineered biocatalysts. In this review, the characterization and principles of yeast cell-surface display and the applications of yeast cell-surface display in engineered whole-cell biocatalysts as well as the improvement of the enzyme efficiency are summarized and discussed.

A novel facultatively anaerobic and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated 5E3T, was isolated from intertidal sediments of Xiaoshi Island of Weihai, People’s Republic of China. Cells of strain 5E3T were long rod-shaped with widths of 0.3–0.5 μm and lengths of 4.0–6.0 μm. Optimum growth of strain 5E3T occurred at 33 °C, pH 6.5–7.0 and with 3% (w/v) NaCl. Oxidase activity was negative but catalase activity was weakly positive. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain 5E3T was most closely related to ‘Maribellus comscasis’ WC007 (99.5%), followed by M. sediminis MCCC 1K04285T (95.9%) and M. luteus XSD2T (95.6%). Genome comparisons between strain 5E3T and strain ‘M. comscasis’ WC007, using average nucleotide identity (ANI) value (93.0%) and DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value (50.1%), confirmed low genome relatedness. The major cellular fatty acids (≥ 10%) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3–OH. The sole respiratory quinone was MK-7. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one unidentified aminolipid (AL) and three unidentified lipids (L1, L2, L3). The DNA G + C content was 37.9 mol%. According to the integrated results of phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that strain 5E3T represents a novel species of the genus Maribellus, for which the name Maribellus maritimus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5E3T (= KCTC 82744T = MCCC 1H00473T).