In the context of the escalating challenge of climate change, optimizing buildings’ energy performance has become a critical research area, yet studies specifically targeting library buildings are scarce. This study addresses this gap by investigating the impact of multi-objective optimization on energy efficiency and occupant comfort in educational library buildings under future climate scenarios. Utilizing the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), this research optimizes a range of building parameters, including the cooling and heating setpoints, air change rates, shading device depths, window visible transmittance, and window gas types. The optimization aims to balance energy consumption and comfort, using simulations based on future weather data for the years 2020, 2050, and 2080. The results indicate that the optimized solutions can significantly reduce the heating energy by up to 95.34% and the cooling energy by up to 63.74% compared to the baseline models, while maintaining or improving the occupant comfort levels. This study highlights the necessity for dynamic, responsive architectural designs that can adapt to changing environmental conditions, ensuring both sustainability and occupant well-being. Furthermore, integrating these building-level optimizations into a City Information Model (CIM) framework can enhance urban planning and development, contributing to more resilient and energy-efficient cities. These findings underscore the importance of sustainable design practices in the context of climate change and the critical role of advanced optimization techniques in achieving energy-efficient, comfortable educational spaces.

Excessively high pore water pressure presents unpredictable risks to the safety of rock tunnels in mountainous regions that are predominantly composed of limestone. Investigating the creep characteristics and permeability evolution of limestone under varying hydrated conditions is crucial for a better understanding of the delayed deformation mechanisms of limestone rock tunnels. To this end, this paper initially conducts a series of multi-stage triaxial creep tests on limestone samples under varying pore water pressures. The experiment examines how pore water pressure affects limestone’s creep strain, strain rate, long-term strength, lifespan, and permeability, all within the context of hydraulic-mechanical (HM) coupling. To better describe the creep behavior associated with pore water pressure, this paper proposes a new nonlinear fractional creep constitutive model. This constitutive model depicts the initial, steady-state, and accelerated phases of limestone’s creep behavior. Finally, the proposed model is applied to the numerical realization of deformation in limestone tunnel, validating the effectiveness of the proposed constitutive model in predicting tunnel’s creep deformation. This research enhances our understanding of limestone’s creep characteristics and permeability evolution under HM coupling, laying a foundation for assessing the long-term stability of mountain tunnels.

The abandonment of cultivated land in southern China was gradually obvious. This research aims to provide a reference for solving the abandonment of cultivated land in hilly regions and promote rural development in China. We examined Longnan county located in the hilly regions of southern China as an example, where abandoned cultivated land is very common. We analyzed its land use data with a field survey to identify the abandoned cultivated land and geospatial characteristics. From the two aspects of social and natural factors, we analyzed the factors driving cultivated land abandonment with the help of Geodetector. The results showed that in 2019, the total area of the abandoned cultivated land in Longnan county was 4,962.35 hm~2, covering 39.51% of this region. Among the topographic factors, the abandonment rate is positively correlated with elevation and slope gradient,but not with slope direction. Among the land parcel conditions, the abandonment rate is positively correlated with the access to road network and cultivation distance from settlement. At the county level, the abandonment of cultivated land in study area was affected by multiple factors, among which,the direct factor was the reduction in the labor force,such as the decrease of farming laborers and the increase of female population, which made farming unsustainable. Changes in production factors also promoted transformations in farmers’ motivation to engage in production, such as the decrease of grain crops and the increase of cash crops, which was the indirect factor affecting cultivated land abandonment.The development of the rural nonagricultural industry affected farmers’ enthusiasm, such as the decrease of farming households, which was the fundamental factor leading to cultivated land abandonment in this area.

The campus courtyards in the Lingnan area are commonly used spaces. Therefore, their thermal comfort is highly important for improving user satisfaction. This study conducted field research on 18 courtyards in four universities in Lingnan to explore the effects of their architectural design factors on the thermal environment. Relevant studies have proved that courtyards are cost-effective in microclimate regulation, and individual factors such as the scale and openness of the courtyards have also been shown to have an effect on the thermal comfort of the courtyards. This study synthesizes multidimensional architectural design factors to explore and analyze the thermal environments of college courtyards. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) is selected as the thermal comfort evaluation index for the study and the conclusions are as follows: (1) The thermal environment is the most important factor influencing visitors to the courtyards (22%), and good thermal comfort improves the efficiency of using the college courtyards; (2) the courtyards have a positive microclimate regulating function, and a cooling effect occurs in 80% of them; and (3) the floor location, type, orientation, and sky view factor (SVF) of the courtyards are the main design factors affecting the thermal environment and PET. The first three factors were negatively correlated with PET (p < 0.05),and SVF was positively correlated with PET (p = 0.651). Passive courtyard design strategies are presented based on the findings of this study.

Domain gap between synthetic and real rain has impeded advances in natural image deraining task. Existing methods are mostly built on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the receptive field of CNNs is limited, thereby resulting in poor domain adaptation. This paper designs a dual-domain translation Transformer network (termed DTT-Net) for semi-supervised image deraining. By leveraging Transformer architecture, the proposed DTT-Net can significantly mitigate the domain gap, greatly boosting the performance on real-world rainy images. Meanwhile, DTT-Net integrates three loss functions including adversarial, cycle-consistency, and MSE losses to adversarial training to further improve the visual quality of the derained images. Extensive experiments are conducted on synthetic and real-world rain datasets. Experimental results show that our DTT-Net outperforms the state-of-the-art by more than 2 dB PSNR. The source code is available at https://github.com/GZHU-DVL/DTT-Net.

This paper aims to optimize the rapid propagation system of strawberry tissue culture seedlings based on the intermittent submerged bioreactor (TIBs). The tissue culture plantlet of “Benihoppe” after primary culture was used as the explant and the TIBs system was used for rapid propagation, so as to study the effects of different generations, inoculation densities, intermittent immersion frequencies and immersion time on the proliferation of strawberry tissue culture seedlings. The results showed that the multiplication times of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth generations were higher, and multiplication rate of the fifth generation was the highest with 70.0 times. When the inoculation density was more than 4 strains / bottle, the pollution rate was 15.8%; when the inoculation density was less than 3 strains / bottle, there was no pollution. When the frequency of intermittent immersion was more than 5 min / 3 h, the pollution rate of tissue culture seedlings increased with the increase of intermittent immersion frequency. When the frequency of intermittent immersion reached 5 min / 4 h, the pollution rate was the highest, and the growth potential of tissue culture seedlings was also poor. The highest multiplication was 71.0 times after 25 minutes immersion every 1 hour. Therefore, good culture effect can be obtained by selecting the 5th generation of subculture plantlets, adopts the inoculation density of 2 plants / bottle and the intermittent immersion frequency of 10 min / 1 h, and uses the hormone combination of 3.0 mg / L 6 - BA + 0.01 mg / L NAA.

Through exploring the material and nonmaterial cultural resources in leisure agriculture of Sani People in Shilin of Yunnan Province, this paper introduced festivals, marriage, traditional clothing, and food culture of Sani People, and present the long history and brilliant culture of Sani People. These culture resources could be used to expand the cultural aspects of leisure agriculture, to solve the problems of low participation and less distinct characteristics. This study can provide a reference for building the high-end leisure agriculture with distinct characteristics of Yunnan Province, to form a new growth point for regional growth.