Background Sexual health is one of the main areas of health and basic human rights which has been paid less attention in schizophrenia. Most studies have focused on sexual dysfunction rather than the sexual needs of people with schizophrenia. This study explores the sexual needs of people with schizophrenia and identify factors hindering sexual activities. Methods We carried out a qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were collected at a psychiatric hospital in China. In total, 20 patients with schizophrenia were recruited through purposive sampling. Face to face semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with them. Interview recordings were transcribed by the research team, and transcripts were analyzed by two independent coders with Colaizzi’s descriptive analysis framework by using NVivo 11 software. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist was used for reporting. Results The data analysis revealed 10 subthemes categorized into 3 macro themes: (1) multiple barriers hinder sexual activity; (2) significance of sex; and (3) conditions for fulfilling sexual needs. Conclusion A poor sexual quality of life may be found in patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, people with schizophrenia did not lose interest in maintaining an active sex life. Mental health services should address this issue in three areas: sexual knowledge, sexual space, and sexual objects.

Background Timely and systematic professional treatment is crucial in schizophrenia prognosis, but the global rate of mental health service, now, use or help-seeking behavior is low. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants with the diagnosis of schizophrenia between October to December 2021. The participants were purposively sampled from a psychiatric hospital’s. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim into NVivo 12.0. Results The findings were summarized under 3 themes and 12 subthemes: (1) capability (lack of knowledge due to insufficient mental health literacy or lack of insight, inability to access disease information due to a lack of mental health literacy, and symptoms-related barriers); (2) opportunity (lack of disease information sources, inability to balance work and study during prolonged hospitalization, accessibility and convenience of medical resources, and the acquisition and utilization of social support); and (3) motivation (awareness of the disease and professional treatment, negative experiences of disease episodes, past medical experience, confidence in tcuring the disease, and the fulfillment of daily life and self-worth). Conclusion The medical help-seeking behavior of people with the diagnosis of schizophrenia is the result of the interaction of many barriers and facilitators, and challenges persist today. Interventions can be implemented with the BCW framework and our results to precisely eliminate delays in the diagnosis and treatment of mental problems.

目的 分析认知行为疗法(CBT)对社交焦虑症(SAD)治疗效果的影响和预测因素,并探索预测因素对改善治疗效果的意义.方法 采用范围综述的方法,在中文数据库(中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献数据库)和外文数据库(PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library)检索自建库至2021年10月关于CBT治疗SAD的相关文献.由2名研究人员独立对纳入文献进行数据提取和分析.结果 最终共纳入22篇文献,经分析得出大脑认知和功能状态、治疗前心率变异性、患者的治疗经历、治疗师胜任力、SAD相关的症状量表得分均可影响并预测CBT的治疗效果.结论 治疗师对CBT治疗SAD效果预测因素的评估,有利于及时调整治疗方案,为患者选择最佳治疗方式,对精准医学的发展具有重要意义.

认知偏向是抑郁症状产生、发展和持续的重要原因之一.越来越多的研究者将多个认知偏向结合起来进行深入探究.抑郁症患者的认知偏向主要包括注意、解释和记忆偏向,3者既相互独立又存在一定联系.一些研究已经证明注意偏向通过解释偏向直接或间接地与记忆偏向相关,且多种认知偏向结合较单一认知偏向能更显著地预测抑郁症状.现对抑郁症患者的认知偏向概述、联合认知偏向的相关理论、多种认知偏向之间的具体关系以及其对抑郁症状的影响进行阐述.