ELONGATED HYPOCOTOYL5 (HY5) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are two types of important light-related regulators of plant growth, however, their interplay remains elusive. Here, we report that the activated tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) HY5 (SlHY5) triggers the transcription of a Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase SlCPK27 . SlCPK27 interacts with and phosphorylates SlPIF4 at Ser-252 and Ser-308 phosphosites to promote its degradation. SlPIF4 promotes hypocotyl elongation mainly by activating the transcription of SlDWF , a key gene in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. Such a SlHY5-SlCPK27-SlPIF4-BR cascade not only plays a crucial role in photomorphogenesis but also regulates thermomorphogenesis. Our results uncover a previously unidentified mechanism that integrates Ca 2+ signaling with the light signaling pathways to regulate plant growth by modulating BR biosynthesis in response to changes in ambient light and temperature.

Cold stress is a major meteorological threat to crop growth and yield. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in plant cold tolerance by activating the expression of cold-responsive genes; however, the underlying transcriptional regulatory module remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the cold- and ABA-responsive transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 15 (ERF15) positively regulates ABA-mediated cold tolerance in tomato. Exogenous ABA treatment significantly enhanced cold tolerance in wild-type tomato plants but failed to rescue erf15 mutants from cold stress. Transcriptome analysis showed that ERF15 was associated with the expression of cold-responsive transcription factors such as CBF1 and WRKY6. Further RT-qPCR assays confirmed that the ABA-induced increased in CBF1 and WRKY6 transcripts was suppressed in erf15 mutants when the plants were subjected to cold treatment. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid assays, dual-luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ERF15 activated the transcription of CBF1 and WRKY6 by binding their promoters. Silencing CBF1 or WRKY6 significantly decreased cold tolerance. Overall, our study identified the role of ERF15 in conferring ABA-mediated cold tolerance in tomato plants by activating CBF1 and WRKY6 expression. This study not only broadens our knowledge of the mechanism of ABA-mediated cold tolerance in plants but also highlights ERF15 as an ideal target gene for cold-tolerant crop breeding.

Summary Plant secreted peptides RAPID ALKALINISATION FACTORs (RALFs), which act through the receptor FERONIA (FER), play important roles in plant growth. However, it remains unclear whether and how RALF‐FER contributes to the trade‐off of plant growth–defense. Here, we used a variety of techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, protein–protein interaction and transcriptional regulation methods to investigate the role of RALF2 and its receptor FER in regulating lignin deposition, root growth, and defense against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The ralf2 and fer mutants show reduced primary root length, elevated lignin accumulation, and enhanced resistance against Fol than the wild‐type. FER interacts with and phosphorylates MYB63 to promote its degradation. MYB63 serves as an activator of lignin deposition by regulating the transcription of dirigent protein gene DIR19. Mutation of DIR19 suppresses lignin accumulation, and reverses the short root phenotype and Fol resistance in ralf2 or fer mutant. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the RALF2‐FER‐MYB63 module fine‐tunes root growth and resistance against Fol through regulating the deposition of lignin in tomato roots. The study sheds new light on how plants maintain the growth–defense balance via RALF‐FER.

Drought is a major environmental stress threatening plant growth and productivity. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant-specific Ca2+ sensors with multifaceted roles in signaling drought responses. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underpinning how CPKs transmit downstream drought signaling remain unresolved. Through genetic investigations, our study unveiled that knocking out CPK27 reduced drought tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants and impaired abscisic acid (ABA)-orchestrated plant response to drought stress. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed that CPK27-dependent drought-induced proteins were highly associated with the sugar metabolism pathway, which was further verified by reduced soluble sugar content in the cpk27 mutant under drought conditions. Using protein-protein interaction assays and phosphorylation assessments, we demonstrated that CPK27 directly interacted with and phosphorylated tonoplast sugar transporter 2 (TST2), promoting intercellular soluble sugar accumulation during drought stress. Furthermore, Ca2+ and ABA enhanced CPK27-mediated interaction and phosphorylation of TST2, thus revealing a role of TST2 in tomato plant drought tolerance. These findings extend the toolbox of potential interventions for enhancing plant drought stress tolerance and provide a target to improve drought tolerance by manipulating CPK27-mediated soluble sugar accumulation for rendering drought tolerance in a changing climate. A tomato calcium-dependent protein kinase controls soluble sugar accumulation, which enhances drought tolerance, by phosphorylating a tonoplast sugar transporter.

Endophytic fungi play an important role in the induction of plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the role of endophytic fungi in the response of horticultural plants to plant stress remains largely unknown. Here, we addressed the role of the endophytic fungus Falciphora oryzae in enhancing salt tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by inoculation with the endophyte in the rhizosphere. F. oryzae could indeed colonize the roots of pepper and significantly improved the tolerance of pepper to salt stress. This resulted in increased plant growth and photosynthetic performance compared with control plants, which was accompanied by increases in indole acetic acid and abscisic acid biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, inoculation with F. oryzae significantly upregulated a subset of transcripts involved in Na+ homeostasis (NHX3, NHX6, NHX8, HKT2-1, and SOS1) and the high-affinity K+ transporter protein-related gene HAK1 in the leaves to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, glutathione, and ascorbate peroxidase), the content of glutathione, the transcript level of genes related to antioxidants (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, and glutamine synthetase) in the leaves were significantly upregulated after inoculation with F. oryzae, which led to decreased levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that inoculation with F. oryzae can enhance the salt tolerance of pepper by promoting ion homeostasis and upregulating antioxidant defense systems.

Carotenoids in tomatoes confer significant health benefits to humans but with the disadvantage of the carotenoids from raw tomatoes not being easily absorbed for utilization. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different cooking processes on carotenoid release and human gut microbiota composition during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of tomatoes. The results showed that stir-frying significantly increased the release of lycopene and β-carotene during gastrointestinal digestion, with boiling being the second most effective treatment. The boiling-treated tomatoes enhanced the carotenoid release during in vitro fermentation. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the digestion of the raw and boiled tomatoes promoted the growth of potentially beneficial microbiota while reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides, which potentially helps prevent obesity. Boiling treatment significantly reduced the growth of Peptostreptococcus and was negatively correlated with carotenoid release. Overall, the boiling-treated tomatoes were more effective than the raw or stir-fried tomatoes in terms of both colon health benefits and carotenoid release.

In this study, the presence of phenolic compounds derived from four Solanaceae fruits (tomato, pepino, tama-rillo, and goldenberry) during gastrointestinal digestion and the effect of these compounds on human gut microbiota was investigated. The results indicated that the total phenolic content of all Solanaceae fruits were increased during digestion. Furthermore, the targeted metabolic analysis identified 296 compounds, of which 71 were changed after gastrointestinal digestion in all Solanaceae fruits. Among these changed phenolic compounds, 51.3% phenolic acids and 91% flavonoids presented higher bioaccessibility in pepino and tamarillo, respectively. Moreover, higher levels of glycoside-formed phenolic acids, including dihydroferulic acid glucoside and cou-maric acid glucoside, were found in tomato fruits. In addition, tachioside showed the highest bioaccessibility in goldenberry fruits. The intake of Solanaceae fruits during the in vitro fermentation decreased the Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B) compared with the control (similar to 15-fold change on average), and goldenberry fruits showed the best effect (F/B = 2.1). Furthermore, tamarillo significantly promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium and short-chain fatty acids production. Overall, this study revealed that Solanaceae fruits had different phenolic compound profiles and health-promoting effects on the gut microbiota. It also provided relevant information to improve the consumption of Solanaceae fruits, mainly tamarillo and goldenberry fruits, due to their gut health -promoting properties, as functional foods.

Physiological and metabolic profiles in tamarillo were investigated to reveal the molecular changes during fruit maturation. The firmness, ethylene production, soluble sugar contents, and metabolomic analysis were determined in tamarillo fruit at different maturity stages. The firmness of tamarillo fruit gradually decreased during fruit ripening with increasing fructose and glucose accumulation. The rapid increase in ethylene production was found in mature fruit. Based on the untargeted metabolomic analysis, we found that amino acids, phospholipids, monosaccharides, and vitamin-related metabolites were identified as being changed during ripening. The contents of malic acid and citric acid were significantly decreased in mature fruits. Metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, caffeine metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, and thiamine metabolism pathways showed high abundance in mature fruits. However, we also found that most of the mature-enhanced metabolites showed reduced abundance in over-mature fruits. These results reveal the molecular profiles during tamarillo fruit maturing and suggest tamarillos have potential benefits with high nutrition and health function.

Light plays an important role in determining plant architecture, which greatly influ-ences crop yield. However, the precise mechanisms by which light signaling regulates bud outgrowth remain to be identified. Here, we show that light regulates bud outgrowth via both HY5 and brassinosteroid (BR)-dependent pathways in tomato. Inactivation of the red-light photoreceptor PHYB, or deficiencies in PHYB or the blue-light photoreceptor CRY1a, inhibits bud outgrowth and leads to decreased accu-mulation of HY5 protein and increased transcript level of BRANCHED1 (BRC1), a central integrator of branching signals. HY5, functioning as a mobile systemic signal from leaves, promotes bud outgrowth by directly suppressing BRC1 transcript and activating the transcript of BR biosynthesis genes within the lateral buds in tomato. Furthermore, BRC1 prevents the accumulation of cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) by directly inhibiting the transcript of CK synthesis gene LOG4, while increas-ing the transcript levels of CK and GA degradation genes (CKX7, GA2ox4, and GA2ox5), leading to an arrest of bud outgrowth. Moreover, bud outgrowth occurs predominantly in the day due to the suppression of BRC1 transcript by HY5. These findings demonstrate that light-inducible HY5 acts as a systemic signaling factor in fine-tuning the bud outgrowth of tomato.

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a danger-associated molecular pattern recognized by PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) and initiates intercellular signaling to coordinate different physiological processes, especially in the defense response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The activity of peptide receptors is largely influenced by different posttranslational modifications, which determine intercellular peptide signal outputs. To date, the posttranslational modification to PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR 1 (PSKR1) remains largely unknown. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PSKR1 is regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway. Using multiple protein-protein interactions and ubiquitylation analyses, we identified that plant U-box E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13 interacted with PSKR1, among which PUB13 caused PSKR1 ubiquitylation at Lys-748 and Lys-905 sites to control PSKR1 abundance. However, this posttranslational modification was attenuated upon addition of PSK. Moreover, the disease symptoms observed in PUB13 knock-down and overexpression lines demonstrated that PUB13 significantly suppressed the PSK-initiated defense response. This highlights an important regulatory function for the turnover of a peptide receptor by E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitylation in the plant defense response.

The ubiquitous lipid-derived molecules N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) have multiple immune functions in mammals, but their roles and mechanisms in plant defense response during changing environment remain largely unclear. Here, we found that exogenous NAE18:0 and NAE18:2 promoted defense against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea but suppressed defense to the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in tomato. The knocking-down and overexpression function analysis of the pathogen-responsive NAE synthetic gene PHOSPHOLIPASE Dγ (PLDγ) and hydrolytic gene FATTY ACID AMID HYDROLASE 1 (FAAH1) revealed that the NAE pathway is crucial for plant defense response. Using exogenous applications and SA-abolished NahG plants, we unveiled the antagonistic relationship between NAE and SA in plant defense response. Elevated CO2 and temperature significantly changed the NAE pathway in response to pathogens, while inhibition of the NAE pathway led to the alternation of environment-mediated defense variations against Pst DC3000 in tomato, indicating that NAE pathway is associated with plant defense variations in response to elevated CO2 and temperature. The results herein reveal a new function of NAE in plant defense, and its involvement in environment-mediated defense variation in tomato. These findings shed light on the NAE-based plant defense, which may have relevance to crop disease management in future changing climate.

为综合评估不同品种口感番茄在临沂地区设施栽培的适应性,引导种植户科学选择优良品种,采用无土栽培方法,以'豫艺优五''罗拉 汉姆077''酸甜果10号''青春之歌''冬韵'番茄为供试试材,测定不同品种口感番茄的生长、果实农艺性状和品质.结果表明:'青春之歌'的生长指标在整个生育期内表现相对较好;'青春之歌'和'冬韵'果形指数显著高于其他品种,'青春之歌'商品果率最高,达90.2％;'青春之歌'维生素C含量最高,达到161.8 mg·kg-1,显著高于其他品种,'酸甜果10号'可溶性糖含量、糖酸比、番茄红素含量最高,分别为5.43％、15.45、13.89 μg·g-1,高于其他品种;'汉姆077'可滴定酸含量最低;'青春之歌'产量最高,达92 246.7 kg·hm-2,显著高于其他品种;主成分分析得到2个因子,累计方差贡献率达到84.682％;聚类分析将6个品种分为3类,第1类是'青春之歌'和'冬韵';第2类是'汉姆077'和'酸甜果10号';第3类是'豫艺优五'和'罗拉';主成分分析表明,6种口感番茄的综合得分顺序为'青春之歌'＞'冬韵'＞'酸甜果10号'＞'汉姆077'＞'罗拉'＞'豫艺优五'.综上所述,'青春之歌'可以作为费县设施无土栽培的优良品种.

Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant pentapeptide hormone that fulfills a wide range of functions. Although PSK has frequently been reported to function in the inverse regulation of growth and defense in response to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Using the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 pathogen system, we present compelling evidence that the PSK receptor PSKR1 interacts with the calcium-dependent protein kinase CPK28, which in turn phosphorylates the key enzyme of nitrogen assimilation glutamine synthetase GS2 at two sites (Serine-334 and Serine-360). GS2 phosphorylation at S334 specifically regulates plant defense, whereas S360 regulates growth, uncoupling the PSK-induced effects on defense responses and growth regulation. The discovery of these sites will inform breeding strategies designed to optimize the growth-defense balance in a compatible manner.

Due to global warming, high-temperature stress has become a major threat to plant growth and development, which causes a severe challenge to food security worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the plant bioactive molecules, which could be a promising approach to strengthening plant thermotolerance. Rosmarinic acid (RA) serves as a plant-derived phenolic compound and has beneficial and health-promoting effects for human beings. However, the involvement of RA in plant stress response and the underlying molecular mechanism was largely unknown. In this study, we found that exogenous RA application conferred improved thermotolerance in tomatoes. The transcript abundance and the enzyme activity of enzymatic antioxidants, such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), were further promoted by RA treatment in tomato plants subjected to high-temperature stress. Moreover, RA activated the antioxidant system and modulated the cellular redox homeostasis also associated with the redox status of nonenzymatic glutathione and ascorbic acid. The results of RNA-seq data showed that transcriptional regulation was involved in RA-mediated thermotolerance. Consistently, the gene expression of several high temperature-responsive transcription factors like HsfA2, and WRKY family genes were substantially induced by RA treatment, which potentially contributed to the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Overall, these findings not only gave a direct link between RA and plant thermotolerance but also provided an attractive approach to protecting crop plants from high-temperature damage in a global warming future.

To investigate the multi-scale structural changes and digestibility of parboiled rice, the side chain distribution, helical structure, short/long-range ordered structure, and lamellar structure were systematically characterized and an in vivo postprandial blood glucose test was applied. The results indicate that parboiling has little effect on the side chain distribution, double helix content and helical structure order of parboiled rice. The crystal type of rice starch changed from type A to A + V or B + V after parboiling and the relative crystallinity decreased from 30.45 % to a minimum of 6.87 %. The in vivo study also indicated that parboiling significantly reduces the glycaemic index of rice to medium level. Our work is the first to focus on the parboiling conditions, multi-scale structural changes and in vivo digestibility of parboiled rice, which might provide guidance for the design of less digestible parboiled rice in the future.

Summary Low light intensities affect the outbreak of plant diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) revealed that apoplastic glucose (Glc) levels decreased in response to low light. Conversely, low‐light‐induced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato ( Pst ) DC3000 was significantly alleviated by exogenous Glc treatment. Using cell‐based biolayer interferometry assays, we found that Glc specifically binds to the tomato regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1). Laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging revealed that Glc triggers RGS1 endocytosis, which influences the uncoupling of the RGS1‐Gα (GPA1) and GPA1‐Gβ (SlGB1) proteins, in a dose‑ and duration‐dependent manner. Analysis of G protein single and double mutants revealed that RGS1 negatively regulates disease resistance under low light and is required for Glc‐enhanced defense. Downstream of RGS1‐Glc binding, GPA1 negatively mediates the light‐intensity‐regulated defense, whereas SlGB1 positively regulates this process. These results reveal a novel light‐intensity‐responsive defense system that is mediated by a Glc–RGS1–G protein signaling pathway. This information will be critical for future investigations of how plant cells sense extracellular sugars and adjust defense under different environments, as well as for genetic engineering approaches to improve stress resilience.

Herbivory severely affects plant growth, posing a threat to crop production. Calcium ion (Ca2+ ) signaling and accumulation of jasmonates (JAs) are activated in plant response to herbivore attack, leading to the expression of defense pathways. However, little is known about how the Ca2+ signal modulates JA biosynthesis. We used diverse techniques, including CRISPR/Cas9, UPLC-MS/MS and molecular biology methods to explore the role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 16 in Ca2+ signal-triggered JA burst during herbivore defense in tomato. Here we show that simulated herbivory induces GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE3.3/3.5 (GLR3.3/3.5)-dependent increases in electrical activity, Ca2+ influx and increases the abundance of CALMODULIN2 (CaM2) and ERF16 transcripts in tomato. The interaction between CaM2 and ERF16 promotes JA biosynthesis by enhancing the transcriptional activity of ERF16, which increases the activation of ERF16 expression and causes expression of LIPOXYGENASE D (LOXD), AOC and 12-OXO-PHYTODIENOIC ACID REDUCTASE 3 (OPR3), the key genes in JA biosynthesis. Mutation of CaM2 results in decreased JA accumulation, together with the expression of JA biosynthesis-related genes, leading to reduced resistance to the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism underpinning the Ca2+ signal-initiated systemic JA burst and emphasize the pivotal role of Ca2+ signal/ERF16 crosstalk in herbivore defense.

【Background】Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is one of the important diseases of tomato and causes significant yield losses up to 30%-40%. Nowadays, chemical pesticide is usually used in tomato production, which is effective but increases the risk of food safety and results in environmental pollution. N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a kind of naturally lipid bioactive compounds in plants, which have been identified to have a variety of immune functions in mammals, however, its function and the underlying mechanism in plant immunity are still unclear.【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of NAEs on tomato plant defense against B. cinerea infection, and to provide a basis for the development of green control technology of tomato gray mold.【Method】The B. cinerea was cultured in medium containing NAE 18:0, NAE 18:2, NAE 22:5, respectively, to evaluate their effects on B. cinerea growth. Tomato ‘Moneymaker’ plants were infected by B. cinerea with or without exogenous NAE 18:0, NAE 18:2, NAE 22:5, and disease index and fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves were measured. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the relative gene expression of B. cinerea Actin in tomato leaves that infected by B. cinerea with or without NAE 18:2 treatment. Transcript abundance of defense-related genes (e.g. PI I, PR-1, NPR1, Nr, ACO1, PYR1a), and contents of plant hormones (e.g. JA, SA, ETH, ABA, IAA) were measured. Fluorescence parameters of tomato leaves and the relative gene expression of B. cinerea Actin were analyzed in ethylene-insensitive mutant infected by B. cinerea with NAE 18:2.【Result】The growth of B. cinerea was not affected by exogenous NAEs treatment during in vitro culture. Exogenous application of NAEs could significantly improve the resistance of tomato plants to B. cinerea, and alleviate the decrease of photosystem II photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII) caused by B. cinerea infection. NAE 18:2 had the best effect on tomato plant defense against B. cinerea among the NAEs, which obviously reduced the disease index and the Actin transcript level of B. cinerea by 60%. The expression levels of PI I, PR-1, NPR1, Nr and ACO1 could be induced by B. cinerea infection but not by NAE 18:2 treament. The expression levels of PI I, Nr and ACO1 were up-regulated when plants were pre-treated by NAE 18:2 before B. cinerea infection, and the expression level of ACO1 was the highest. Compared to the control, the contents of SA, JA, IAA and ETH in the leaves were increased significantly after B. cinerea infection, while only the contents of ETH were further increased when pre-treated by NAE 18:2. Moreover, exogenous NAE 18:2 pre-treatment could not improve the defense against B. cinerea in the ETH-insensitive mutant nr.【Conclusion】Exogenous NAE18:2 treatment can increase leaf photosynthesis, transcript abundance of defense-related genes, and the content of plant hormone ETH. It induce the resistance of tomato plants to gray mold, which may depend on the ETH signaling pathway.

[背景]在全球气候变化的背景下,大气CO2浓度的升高会影响植物病害的发生,进而影响农业生产.β型碳酸酐酶(β-carbonic anhydrase,βCA)是植物CO2感应和浓缩系统中的重要组成元件,参与拟南芥和烟草的植物免疫过程,但在番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)等园艺作物中的研究较少.[目的]通过探究番茄S1βCA3在抵御植物病害中的作用及机制,为番茄生产中的抗性调控提供科学依据.[方法]以拟南芥AtβCA氨基酸系列为参考序列,在番茄So1 genomics network数据库中鉴定到4个S1βCA.进一步以野生型(wild-type,WT)番茄'Ailsa Craig'(AC)为材料接种丁香假单胞菌番茄致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.toma to DC3000,Pst DC3000),利用 qRT-PCR 技术测定叶片中S1βCA的表达量,筛选出受Pst DC3000诱导表达的基因S1βCA3.在此基础上,以AC为背景,利用农杆菌介导法进行番茄遗传转化,构建S1βCA3稳定过表达植株(OE-S1βCA3).通过观察OE-S1βCA3植株接种PstDC3000后的抗性表型,明确S1βCA3在番茄抵御Pst DC3000过程中的作用.为了研究S1βCA3调控植物抗病性的内在机制,比较WT和OE-S1βCA3植株接种PstDC3000与对照条件下转录组的变化,并利用KEGG数据库对差异基因进行功能分析,推测糖代谢与S1βCA3介导的免疫反应有关.最后,通过测定WT和OE-S1βCA3植株糖代谢及其信号途径相关基因表达量以及葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量,对转录组结果进行验证及分析.[结果]OE-S1βCA3植株对PstDC3000的抗性增强,接种Pst DC3000后,叶片中的细菌生长量、病斑数以及死细胞积累量明显减少.转录组测序结果显示,正常条件下,OE-S1βCA3植株转录谱没有发生明显变化;接种PstDC3000后,在WT和OE-S1βCA3植株中检测到2 100个PstDC3000诱导基因,其中有63.3％的基因在OE-S1βCA3植株中表达量更高.KEGG分析结果显示,依赖于S1βCA3过表达的Pst DC3000诱导基因富集在糖代谢相关路径中,包括淀粉和蔗糖代谢,内质网中的蛋白质加工(糖基化),氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢,真核生物中的核糖体生物合成以及光合作用等路径.糖代谢与糖信号密不可分,qRT-PCR及糖含量测定结果显示,接种PstDC3000后,OE-S1βCA3植株叶片中糖代谢及其信号传导途径相关基因表达量与葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量较WT更高.[结论]番茄S1βCA3的过表达增强了植株对Pst DC3000的抗性,该过程可能与糖代谢及其信号通路在植物免疫中的作用有关.