Yungeng48 is a new japonica rice variety with good quality,which was bred by the Institute of Food Crops of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences with high yield intermediate material Yungeng14/Yungengyou3 as maternal parent and good quality intermediate material Yungengyou3//Yungengyou4/Yungengyou12 as paternal parent after 11 generations system selection.The rice quality,high yield,disease resistance,cold resistance and other characteristics were identified simultaneously from the selection of individual plant of F3 generation.Therefor Yungeng48 has comprehensive excellent characters such as good quality,high yield,multiple resistance and wide adaptability.The variety was approved by Yunnan Province in 2021 and is suitable for planting in rice areas with an altitude of 1 450～1 850 m in Yunnan Province and similar rice areas in neighboring provinces.

【Objective】The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of Cd-As absorption and accumulation by different rice varieties in cadmium（Cd） and arsenic（As） co-contaminated soils, in order to provide theoretical basis for safe production and utilization of rice in the region.【Method】The experiment site was located at Dongchuang district of Kunming city, Yunnan province.A field experiment was used to carry out this investigation; The experiment consisted of ten treatments, including Indica Hybrid Rice（Zhongzheyou 8, Zhongzheyou 10, Zhongzheyou 1, Qingyou 676, Minhongliangyou 177）,Conventional Indica Rice（Yunhangjing 3, Yunhanghong 1）, Conventional Japonica Rice（Yunhangjing 2, Yunhangjing 3, Yunhangjing 7）.Plants were sampled during the mature stage, then rice agronomic traits and Cd-As accumulation characteristics were analyzed in different rice cultivars.【Result】There were significant differences in the agronomic traits and Cd-As accumulation characteristics in different rice cultivars.Among them, the values of maximum rice yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate were 2.91, 1.17, 1.40 and 1.24 times of their minimum, respectively.The values of maximum biomass shoots and roots were 2.12 and 2.47 times of their minimum, respectively.The values of maximum Cd and As contents in the roots, stems and leaves, chaffs and brown rice were 2.33, 3.50, 1.40 and 4.00 times and 2.03, 3.50, 1.40 and 4.00 times of their minimum, respectively.The values of maximum Cd and As accumulation in the roots, stems and leaves, chaffs and brown rice were 4.45, 3.27, 3.53 and 12.06 times and 2.51, 1.81, 3.02 and 3.70 times of their minimum, respectively.The Cd and As transport coefficient was as the following: TF rice/stem ＞TF rice/chaff ＞TF stem/root and TF stem/root ＞ TF rice/chaff ＞TF rice/stem in rice.Among all rice cultivars, Zhongzheyou 8 had high agronomic characters, its brown rice Cd and As accumulation was also high, while Yunhangjing 2 had low agronomic characters, its brown rice Cd and As accumulation was the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that the yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the brown rice Cd content, while the yield was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the brown rice As content.The brown rice Cd content was extremely significantly positively correlated with TF rice/stem and TF rice/chaff , while the chaffs As content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with TF rice/stem and TF rice/chaff , the brown rice As content was not significantly correlated with TF stem/root , TF rice/stem , and TF rice/chaff and the brown rice Cd content was not significantly correlated with brown rice As content.【Conclusion】In the long-term flooded soil, the Cd activity was low and the As activity was high, but the Cd transport capacity in different parts of rice was higher than that of the As transport capacity of planting hybrid indica rice varieties, Zhongzheyou 8 with high yield was good for growing in soils without heavy metal contamination, while conventional japonica rice Yunhangjing 2 should be used as the best rice variety in Cd and As co-contaminated polluted soils.

塔粳5号是云南省玉溪市红塔区农业技术推广站选育而成的粳型常规水稻新品种,2017年9月通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.该品种株型适中、叶色绿,分蘖中等,丰产性好,熟色好.适宜在云南省海拔1 450～1 800 m的粳稻区种植.

In order to study the ecological adaPtability of jαpomicα rice Varieties of Plateau in local imdicα rice Planting area of Yunnan ProVince, the growth duration, agronomic characters, economic characters, yield and disease resistance of six Plateau jαpomicα rice Varieties with good-quality, high-yield, resistance to disease and cold tolerance were analyZed by using Yixiang725 (hybrid imdicα rice Variety) as control Variety. The results showed that jαpomicα rice Varieties of Plateau could mature safely, and their growth duration was the roughly same leVel or slightly less than the imdicα rice Variety controt in local imdicα rice Planting area. There was a significant PositiVe correlation between growth duration and yield. The whole growth duration of jαpomicα rice Varieties was between 155 and 161 days, and their yield was between 6 939.0 and 10 374.0 kg∕hm2. The whole growth duration of Yunjing39 was 161 days, which was similar to Yixiang725. In all tested Varieties, the yield of Yunjing39 with good comPrehensiVe ProPerties and strong stress resistance was the highest, and was significantly higher than the hybrid imdicα rice Variety control. According to the results, Yunjing39 was suitable for local imdicα rice Planting area. The yields of Chujing28 and Yunjing26 were 9 738.0 kg∕hm2 and 9 676.5 kg∕hm2, which were slightly lower than imdicα rice Variety control, but they had a certain aPPlication Value in local Production.

利用PCR从3份携带抗稻瘟病Pi40基因的粳稻材料中扩增、筛选获得特异性片段,通过测序分析比对和引物设计,开发出一个SCAR分子标记3F.该标记在15份抗稻瘟病单基因系和抗性品种中能够特异性的检出Pi40基因系.利用Pi40品系4163与丽江新团黑谷构建F2群体123株,发现3F在其中96个单株中检测到550 bp的目标条带,同时田间稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果表明该96个单株田间表现为R,另外27份未检出目标条带的单株表现S,卡方检测分离比符合3∶1.进一步利用3F在183份云南水稻育成品种中检测,结果显示仅在其中9份材料中有目标带型出现,而在其它174份云南水稻品种中没有检测到目标带型,这为有目的地开展品种抗性改良提供直接而高效的筛选标记,结果表明3F是一个具有很高的特异性,在云南稻作系统中有实际应用价值的分子标记.以3份感病粳稻材料与4163杂交,构建稻瘟病抗性改良F2群体,利用3F筛选出来的单株经稻瘟病菌喷雾接种鉴定,表现为R,而未检出目标条带的单株则表现为S.

云粳43号是云粳20号通过空间诱变后,从变异单株中经7年7代选育而成的粳稻新品种.利用区域试验中的数据,分析了云粳43号的产量和品质特性.结果显示,云粳43号在区域试验中,产量比对照增产3.97％,增产不显著,但品质远优于对照品种,并具有浓郁的香味;产量的贡献因子主要来源于分蘖数、有效穗数和结实率;品质指标达到国标2级粳米的标准,主要表现整精米率较高、垩白粒率和垩白度较低、胶稠度较高.该品种在生产中得到了广泛应用.针对试验结果,对改良品质和产量的途径进行了探讨.

[Objective] A high efficient DNA extraction technology by magnetic bead methods from single milled rice grain was studied in this report.[Method]4 milled rice samples were used to carry out genomic DNA extraction through magnetic bead methods and PCR processing to check the efficient of extraction results.[Result]Twenty single milled rice grain DNA were extracted through magnetic bead methods.After electrophoresis checking,the result showed high quality of genomic DNA bands without diffusion,and the DNA concentrations above 1 ng/μl.Moreover,2 SSR markers,RM247 and RM282,were used to carry out PCR amplified with the extraction DNA solution as templates directly.And two bands with 180 and 120 bp were detected respectively as anticipated.[Conclusion] The research results demonstrated a fairly good quality of the DNA extracting,which also supported a feasibility and high-efficient method to extracted trace DNA from single milled rice grain.

塔粳3号是云南省玉溪市红塔区农业技术推广站,通过系谱选择法,经7年8代单株育成的粳型常规水稻新品种,该品种丰产性好,熟色好,抗病性、耐寒性好,耐肥抗倒,产量高,一般亩产量650～750 kg,高产时可达800 kg以上.适宜在云南省海拔1500～1850m的粳稻区种植.文章介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点等内容.

Yunjing 29 bred by Institute of Food Crops of Yunnan Academy of Agri-cultural Sciences is a new conventional japonica rice variety with fragrant and soft rice, it was examined and approved by Yunnan Provincial Variety Examination and Approval Committee in March of 2011. The variety is early-maturing, high-yield and good-quality, and has resistances to lodging, blast and bacterial leaf blight, its rice is sweet soft, goluptious and lucidus as wel as not coarse when it is cold, so it is a good commodity. To further promote the popularization and cultivation of the va-riety, maintain its characteristics of high quality and high yield, and prevent commin-gling and degeneration, the purification and rejuvenation as wel as breeding tech-nology of high-quality seeds were proposed after continuous exploration and study.

The resistance of a newly bred line 4163 containing the rice blast resistance gene Pi40 and another 11 monogenic lines to rice blast in natural disease nurseries was identified.The results showed that 4163 was resistant to rice blast isolates from Yunnan,and the leaf blast resistance levels were at grades 0,0 and 4 in Baoshan City,Yiliang City and Yuxi City respectively,while the ear blast resistance was at level 3.Meanwhile,the resistance spectrum of Pi40 to 49 representative rice blast isolates from Yunnan Province was studied by indoor inoculation and was compared with another 25 resistance genes.The results revealed that the resistance frequency of Pi40 to the 49 typical isolates reached 87.8％,showing a broader resistance spectrum,so it could be used as a new source of resistance genes in breeding of japonica rice in Yunnan plateau in the future.

在杂交水稻育种工作中,少不了要进行不同品种组合的测配与筛选.本文对13个云南中北部粳稻品比试验材料的12个性状采用相关性分析和灰色关联度分析法进行综合分析评价.结果表明:Mannabyeo/丽粳11号组合关联度最大,ri=0.699 1;其次是凤稻23号,ri=0.648 4;第三是云粳37号/云粳31号,ri=0.597 8;最小的组合是Sambaekbyeo/云粳31号(2013KB2),ri=0.448 2.依据综合评价结果,以期达到优中选优的目的,最终筛选出优异的新品系参加区域试验.

云粳39号是云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所选育的长粒香型优质高产粳稻新品种,杂交组合为合系41号、云粳20号.2011～2012年参加云南省中海拔粳稻区域试验,平均产量为10 440.00 kg/hm2,较对照云粳26号增产7.90％.2013年参加云南省生产试验,平均产量为10 207.50 kg/hm2,较对照云粳26号增产5.06％.该品种具有优质、高产、稳产、抗病等优点,适宜在云南省海拔1 450～1 850m稻区及周边省份相似生态型稻区推广种植.2014年通过云南省农作物品种委员会审定.该研究介绍了云粳39号的选育经过、特征特性及栽培技术要点.

发掘和利用抗旱基因资源是水稻抗旱育种的基础.本研究利用PVC管鉴定法,对24份转入抗旱主效基因的材料进行苗期抗旱特性鉴定,设干旱胁迫(DD)和非干旱胁迫(WW)两处理,研究中采用了最大根长、根干物质重、叶干物质重、根叶长比、分蘖数、叶面积、水份消耗量、水份利用率作为鉴定指标.研究结果显示,对于导入抗旱主效基因的材料,经苗期抗旱性鉴定都具有一定的抗旱性,但抗旱的程度有差异.胁迫下,所有材料的最大根长值超过正常生长下的值,处理间差异显著;在根叶长比、分蘖数、水份消耗量、水份利用率上部分材料表现为正增长;在根干物质重、叶干物质重、叶面积上均表现为负增长,处理间差异显著,只是个别材料的值与WW下的生长量差异不显著.鉴定出5份抗旱性表现较好的材料,5份中除IR83376-B-B-71-1外,都转入了两个以上的抗旱基因,说明聚合抗旱基因对提高抗旱性是有效的.鉴定指标间存在较好的相关性并考虑指标值测定的方便准确,最大根长、根叶长比、分蘖数、水份消耗量可作为苗期较好的抗旱性鉴定指标.

对2个高原粳稻骨干亲本滇榆1号和轰早生及其衍生品种的农艺性状进行主成分及聚类分析.结果表明:(1)2个亲本的穗长、剑叶角度、宽度和结实率差异不显著,其余性状差异显著.(2)2个亲本衍生品种的剑叶角度、单株穗数、穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重存在较大差异,其余性状差异较小.(3)滇榆1号和轰早生衍生品种的前5个主因子累积贡献率分别为85.5％和85.3％,第1主成分因子分别是株型和粒数,其贡献率分别为39.9％和41.1％.(4)74个品种聚为6类,其中85％的品种分布在第Ⅰ类和第Ⅲ类,这些品种的主要特征是株高90～100 cm,剑叶长25～34 cm、宽1.5 ～1.7 cm,穗长20cm左右,每穗91 ～ 138粒,每株7穗,结实率和千粒重分别为85％和27 g.

“云粳26号”是目前高原粳稻中一个生育期较短且表现高产优质的品种,能早收早上市,因而很受农户欢迎.2009年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定(编号:川审稻2009006),2010年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(编号:滇审稻2010003号),2012年被评为农业部主导品种.其突出特点,早熟高产优质(全生育期153 ～ 165 d,比其它品种早15 ～20 d),高抗穗瘟,耐寒性强,适应性广,适宜于云南省海拔1 400～2000 m的地区及四川凉山州种植.

Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the main factors affect-ing the lodging resistance of plateau japonica rice. [Method] Twenty agronomic traits related to lodging resistance of plateau japonica rice were analyzed by principal component analysis and correlation analysis among 26 varieties/lines of plateau japonica rice. [Result] The lodging resistance of the 26 varieties/lines had great dif-ference among different agronomic traits. Plant height, and wal thickness of the 4th, 3rd and 2nd internodes under the panicle had the most important influence on lodging resistance, while the diameter of the 3rd, 2nd, 4th, 1st nodes under the panicle, length of the 4th and 3rd internodes under the panicle, wal thickness of the 1st internode under the panicle had less influence. The other nine agronomic traits of rice culm did not affect or indirectly affected lodging resistance through above-mentioned agro-nomic traits. Lodging resistance had significant correlations with plant height, length of the 4th and 3rd internodes under the panicle, wal thickness of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th internodes under the panicle and diameter of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th node sunder the panicle, had insignificant correlations with panicle length, panicle weight, length of the 1st and 2nd internodes under the panicle, diameter of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th internodes under the panicle, diameter of the 5th node under the panicle. [Conclu-sion] More attention should be paid to the main factors affecting lodging resistance in breeding to improve lodging resistance of plateau japonica rice.

采用表型主成分及聚类分析法,对近15年来29个云南高原常规粳稻主栽品种的8个农艺性状进行了分析,结果表明,8个农艺性状变异程度和范围相当大,某些品种有一定的优势可利用,温暖粳稻区与温凉粳稻区品种相比,前者表现为植株较矮,分蘖力较强,穗子较小,结实率较高,千粒重较大.选出的影响云南粳稻主栽品种的4个主因子累积贡献率达89.2％,其中第一主成分即穗总粒数是最重要的成分,其贡献率达35.3％.29个云南埂稻主栽品种聚为4类,其中第一类包括19个品种,表明大多数品种遗传距离近,遗传基础狭窄.在今后的云南粳稻育种中,应适当降低植株高度,提高分蘖力,增加穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,同时拓宽遗传基础.

A field experiment was conducted with different nitrogen fertilizer rates and transplanting densities by using Yunjing 30 as material under the same basic fertilizer conditions. The results showed that plant height,maximum number of tillers,productive panicle number and grain number per panicle increased significantly while seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increasing N rate. The maximum number of tillers,productive panicle number and grain number per panicle were increased markedly with decreased transplanting density,while the effects of transplanting density on plant height,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were not significant. The yield of Yunjing 30 was obvious affected by N rate and transplanting density. And the highest yield( 12 198. 2 kg /hm2) was gained under the condition of 150 kg /hm2 pure N and 600 000 points /hm2 transplanting density. It was beneficial to improve the rice milling quality and appearance quality by reducing N rate and increasing transplanting density. The N rate and transplanting density had no significant effect on ADV and amylose content. The protein content of rice increased with the increasing N rate and transplanting density. The optimum cultivated style could get good quality and high yield of Yunjing 30 with 150 kg /hm2 pure N and 600 000 points /hm2 transplanting density.

Eleven grain quality traits and RVA profiles were analyzed by the methods of cluster analysis and phenotypic principal component analysis ,using 32 main j aponica rice cultivars from Yunnan plateau as materials .Of the widely grown japonica rice cultivars from Yunnan plateau ,9.4% and 12.5% met the edible rice grain quality standard ,Grade 2 and Grade 3 ,respectively ,and all the others were below Grade 3 .The mean of brown rice rate ,transparency ,ADV ,amylose content and protein content met the stand‐ard of Grade 2 ,w hile milled rice rate and chalky area met the standard of Grade 3 .Of the grain quality traits and RVA profiles studied ,chalky area and setback value showed the greatest variation ,their varia‐tion coefficients being 99.77% and 34.32% ,respectively .The 32 cultivars were clustered into six groups according to genetic distance ,and 40.6% of them fell into Group III .Of the 8 principal component factors affecting grain quality traits and RVA profiles ,the first principal component factors (head rice rate and chalky rice rate) and the second principal component factor ,amylose content ,gave a cumulative contribu‐tion rate of 46.6% to grain quality .Therefore ,it is important to increase head rice rate ,decrease chalky rice rate and select medium amylose content in Yunnan j aponica rice breeding .At the same time ,it is also necessary to broaden its genetic basis .