实蝇作为一类十分重要的经济类昆虫,其快速和准确鉴定一直是困惑各国植检,以及农林等部门的重要难题."世界有害实蝇自动识别系统2.0"(AFIS2.0),针对实蝇科8属83种,基于深度学习框架,利用Mask-R-CNN模型对图像分割校准,根据Discriminative Deep Metric Learning原理,对预训练的AlexNet模型进行微调提取分割后特征,采用模板匹配法对图像分类鉴别;基于内嵌BLAST+程序及外源BOLD链接进行分子序列比对;依据固定比例权重融合图像及分子识别结果,构建集成镶嵌翅、胸、腹及分子信息的在线实蝇科自动识别系统.其主要包括数据输入、预处理、自动识别、结果显示及物种复核五模块.此外,本文还对"世界有害实蝇自动识别系统2.0"的主界面、功能菜单、主操作流程及一些其它功能进行了介绍,讨论了影响AFIS2.0识别准确度的因素,总结了主要特点,展望了未来应用和发展前景.经检测翅图像最佳识别率(识别结果列表中的Topl物种)达90％,翅、中胸背板和腹部背面图像的Top5平均识别率为94％.初步应用结果表明,可一定程度减少有害实蝇鉴定所需的搜索范围和鉴定时间,部分解决口岸及农林部门有害实蝇物种的自动鉴定和识别问题.

BACKGROUND Images and DNA sequences are two important methods for identifying fruit fly species. In addition, the identification of insect species complexes is highly problematic when attempting to utilize automatic identification methods in an actual environment. We integrated the image and DNA sequence identification methods into a single system for the first time and explored an open interactive multi-image comparison function for solving the problem of species complexes. The Automated Fruit Fly Identification System 1.0 (AFIS1.0) was updated to AFIS2.0 by employing different models and developing the system under a novel framework. RESULTS AFIS2.0 was developed using 83 species belonging to eight genera in the Tephritidae, which includes most pests of this family. The system applies the Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and discriminative deep metric learning (AlexNet based) methods for image identification, integrates Blast+ for DNA sequence comparison and specific weighting for the fusion result. At the species level, the best classification success rate for wing images (as the Top 1 species in the species list of outcomes) reached 90%, and the average classification success rate for wing, thorax, and abdomen images (as the Top 5 species in the species list of outcomes) was 94%. CONCLUSION AFIS2.0 is more accurate and convenient than AFIS1.0 and can be beneficial for users with or without specific expertise regarding Tephritidae. It also provides a more compact and fluent computer system for fruit fly identification, and can be easily applied in practice.

BACKGROUND:Many species of Tephritidae are damaging to fruit, which might negatively impact international fruit trade. Automatic or semi-automatic identification of fruit flies are greatly needed for diagnosing causes of damage and quarantine protocols for economically relevant insects.RESULTS:A fruit fly image identification system named AFIS1.0 has been developed using 74 species belonging to six genera, which include the majority of pests in the Tephritidae. The system combines automated image identification and manual verification, balancing operability and accuracy. AFIS1.0 integrates image analysis and expert system into a content-based image retrieval framework. In the the automatic identification module, AFIS1.0 gives candidate identification results. Afterwards users can do manual selection based on comparing unidentified images with a subset of images corresponding to the automatic identification result. The system uses Gabor surface features in automated identification and yielded an overall classification success rate of 87% to the species level by Independent Multi-part Image Automatic Identification Test.CONCLUSION:The system is useful for users with or without specific expertise on Tephritidae in the task of rapid and effective identification of fruit flies. It makes the application of computer vision technology to fruit fly recognition much closer to production level. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

One new species, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) anala Chen et Zhou, sp.nov, and one newly recorded species, B. (Z.) armillata (Hering, 1938), from China are described and illustrated. The male of B. (Z.) armillata (Hering) was discovered for the first time and as a result the species is moved from subgenus Bactrocera to subgenus Zeugodacus. In addition, the morphological differences and comparing illustrations of B. (Z.) adusta (Wang et Zhao) and B. (Z.) biguttata (Bezzi), are provided.