Additional file 10: Supplementary Figure 7. Directed acyclic graph of GO enrichment. (a) LD-vs-HD_DEGseq. Biological_Process. Top GO; LD-vs-HD_DEGseq. Cellular_Component. Top GO; LD-vs-HD_DEGseq. Molecular_Function. Top GO. The branches in the figure represent the inclusion relationship, and the function range defined from top to bottom is getting smaller and smaller. The box represents the top 5 GO terms of each classification enrichment degree, and through the inclusion relationship, the associated GO terms are displayed together. The name of the term and the P-value corrected by enrichment analysis are displayed on each node. The darker the color (red) indicates the smaller the P-value and the higher the enrichment degree.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Skin crosscutting HE staining of Rex rabbits with different hair density (100 magnification)(a) Low hair density (b) High hair density. Supplementary Table 1. Statistics of hair follicle numbers of Rex rabbits with different hair density. Note: Data shown are mean values ± s. d., and n = 3 per group. In the same row, values with with different letter superscripts mean significant difference(P

旨在研究饲粮中不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对生长肉兔肠道派尔氏(PP)结内微皱褶(M)分化细胞数量及形态特征的影响.选用150只体质量相近健康断奶仔兔(35日龄),随机分成3组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只试兔,分别饲喂31.32％(LF组)、37.36％(对照组)、41.84％(HF组)3种不同NDF水平试验饲粮.预试期7d,正试期23 d.Western blot试验表明,鼠抗人波形蛋白抗体适用于兔M细胞示踪.在光学显微镜下观察,饲喂30 d后备组试兔肠道PP结淋巴滤泡圆顶区上皮顶端聚集大量成熟M细胞,形成典型口袋状结构,而饲喂试验日粮前试兔肠道PP结内多为未成熟的M细胞,位于圆顶区两侧,呈柱状.试验日粮饲喂前(35日龄)各组间试兔肠道PP结内M细胞数量及M细胞分化相关基因RNAK/RANKL/OPG表达水平无显著性差异.试验日粮饲喂后(65日龄),HF组试兔肠道PP结内M细胞数量显著高于对照组和LF组(P＜0.019);HF组试兔肠道PP结内促进M细胞分化的RANK基因表达水平显著高于LF组;同时与LF组相比,HF组试兔肠道PP结内抑制M细胞分化的OPG基因表达量显著降低(P＜0.001).结合本试验及前期试验结果,仔兔可在断奶后15～20 d内添加日粮NDF水平为37.36％～41.84％,生长后期可适当降低纤维水平,短时间内饲喂高纤维日粮以激发M细胞的数量及成熟,以尽早建立有效的肠道黏膜免疫保护,而后要适当降低饲喂纤维水平,以保持良好的生长性能.

We aimed to identify the potential genes related to blood pressure regulation and screen target genes for high blood pressure (BPH) and low blood pressure (BPL) treatment. The GSE19817 microarray dataset, which included the aorta, liver, heart, and kidney samples from BPH, BPL, and normotensive mice, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on the entire expression profile. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, gene regulatory networks were constructed based on BPH-related and BPL-related DEGs in the aorta, liver, heart, and kidney samples. As a result, DEGs were screened within their respective tissues due to high heterogeneity of different tissues. Totally, 2,726 BPH-related DEGs and 2,472 BPL-related DEGs were screened, which were mainly enriched in pathways such as immune response. The topology data of gene regulatory networks constructed by DEGs in the heart, kidney, and liver were similar than that in aorta. Finally, among BPH-related DEGs, Sept6 and Pigx were found in the top 10 differentially regulated DEGs by comparing the BPH-related DEGs of the aorta with the DEGs of the other 3 tissues in the regulatory network. Although among the top 10 differentially regulated BPL-related DEGs, no common differentially regulated DEGs were found, Wif1, Urb2, and Gtf2ird1 were found among the top ten DEGs in the three tissues other than the kidney tissue. Sept6 and Pigx might participate in the pathogenesis of BPH, whereas Gtf2ird1, Urb2, and Wif1 might be critical target genes for BPL treatment.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying the digestible energy (DE) density on growth performance, meat quality, caecum fermentation and microbiota in 3–5-month-old Rex rabbits. One-hundred and eighty 3-month-old Rex rabbits were allocated in individual cages to five treatments with diets having DE levels (MJ/kg as-fed basis) of 9.46, 9.97, 10.46, 10.94 and 11.43, respectively. The results showed as follows: with increasing DE concentration the average daily gain, muscle pH value of 45 min post-mortem, caecal pH value and NH3-N concentration increased (P < 0.05). Bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) of partial 16S rRNA genes profiles were clearly different among different treatments, which suggests that the population of microorganism in the caecum was influenced by the dietary DE density.

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether changing the dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF)/starch ratio affected caecal microbiota when 4 different diets (diet A: 2.3 NDF/starch, diet B: 1.9, diet C: 1.4, diet D: 1.0) were formulated. A total of 200 weaned rabbits (35 days old, 50 per group) were used for the experiment, which started after an adaptation period of 7 days (i.e., day 42). Caecal contents were obtained from rabbits fed different NDF/starch diets at 52, 62, 72, and 82 days of life. The bacterial community structure was characterized by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Synergistetes, and Tenericutes did not significantly change with diet or age. However, Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05), Proteobacteria (P < 0.01), and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.05) reads were significantly affected by diet, and Proteobacteria (P < 0.01) and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.05) reads were significantly influenced by age. At the genus level, Escherichia/Shigella (P < 0.01) was overrepresented in diet A (high fiber) relative to diet D (high starch) in 52- and 62-day-old rabbits. Venn diagrams and heat map plot analyses revealed that the number of gut species shared between animals with different diet treatments increased with age. These results suggest that dietary fiber per starch ratios and age significantly alter the composition of caecal microbiota in growing rabbits.

The effects of different dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters were investigated in 2 to 3 months old growing rabbits. A total of 150 growing rabbits of 2 months age were randomly divided into five groups according to average body weight, with 30 rabbits in each group. The DEB levels of the five experimental diets were -154, -3.16, +201, +347, and +500 meq/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. There was a 7-d adaptation period and a 23-d experimental period. The results showed that the DEB levels had a quadratic affect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.001). The greatest ADFI was achieved when the DEB level was +201 meq/kg DM. Fecal N (FN) content linearly decreased (0.047), while digestible N (DN), retained N (RN), efficiency of intake N converted into digestible N (DN/IN) and the efficiency of intake N converted into retained N (RN/IN) linearly increased with the DEB increase (0.020, 0.004, 0.021, and 0.049, respectively). Serum phosphorus (P) ion content linearly increased with the DEB increase (p = 0.036). The DEB had a quadratic relationship with serum anion gap (AG) (p = 0.002) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) content (p = 0.016). The DEB levels quadratically affected base excess (BE) in the plasma (p<0.001). In conclusion, the DEB unaffected growth performance but affected feed intake, N metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters of growing rabbits.