At the present stage, the strategic course for the development of the agro-industrial complex, focused on the active application of the organic farming system, has been enshrine at the statutory level in the Russian Federation. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to assess the influence of organic fertilizers and biopreparations in the organic farming system on the phytosanitary conditions and crop yields of grain-fallow crop rotation in the forest-steppe conditions of the Trans-Volga region in comparison with mineral fertilizers and pesticides in the traditional farming system. Various methods of introducing biopreparations, as well as multi-component organic fertilizers based on diatomite and zeolite, were studied when using an organic farming system. The influence of organic fertilizers and biopreparations on the prevalence of root rot and brown leaf rust and the yield of grain-fallow crop rotation was studied in comparison with mineral fertilizers and pesticides. The obtained results showed that the combined use of seed pelleting and biopreparations during vegetation reduces the prevalence of root rot by an average of 44.6% for winter rye, 49.4% for hard spring wheat, and 50.5% for barley compared to the control. The reduction in the prevalence of brown leaf rust reached 46.4% for winter rye and 57.8% for hard spring wheat. The greatest increase in yield was achieved by using organic fertilizer consisting of diatomite, wood ash and organic potassium, as well as pre-sowing seed pelleting. On average, for preparations, with two treatments during the growing season, the biopreparation gave an increase in yield of 8.2–54.4% in relation to the control and 2.5–24.7% in relation to pesticides. Among agricultural crops, hard spring wheat and chickpeas turned out to be the most responsive to the biopreparation: the control indicators were exceeded by 54.4 and 47.6% (0.62 and 0.50 t/ha), and pesticides – by 20.2 and 24.7% (0.23 and 0.26 t/ha), respectively. Thus, the integrated use of multi-component, multifunctional organic fertilizers and biopreparations with bioprotection functions in the organic farming system provides an agronomic effect that is not inferior in effectiveness to the integrated use of synthetic chemical mineral fertilizers and pesticides.
The article examines key models and institutional mechanisms of personnel training for the tourism industry in a number of economically developed countries (Switzerland, Austria, France, Great Britain, Canada, USA, Thailand). Based on comparative analysis, common principles ensuring the effectiveness of vocational education systems in this field have been identified: strong practice-orientation, sustainable inter-institutional partnership between education, business and the state, flexibility of educational trajectories, emphasis on developing customer-oriented and intercultural competencies. The study emphasizes that successful personnel training is based not on strict state regulation of content, but on creating an ecosystem where educational programs respond promptly to industry demands. The conclusion is drawn about the relevance of adapting certain foreign practices (development of independent professional certification systems, expansion of dual education, implementation of block-modular program structuring, synchronization of academic schedules with industry cycles) for modernizing the domestic system of tourism and hospitality personnel training in order to enhance its competitiveness and compliance with international standards.
The article examines the scientific and creative legacy of the famous scientist, national poet of the Republic of Bashkortostan, publicist, public figure Rashit Zakirovich Shakurov (Rashit Shakur) through the memoirs of his contemporaries
The review systematizes our studies over the past 10 years on the search for new synthetic α-amylase inhibitors obtained by diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) based on multicomponent reactions of CH-acids with formaldehyde and S- or N-nucleophiles. The DOS strategy turned out to be a rational way to design sulfanylmethylazoles and oxazine derivatives of phenol and their metal complexes. Evaluation of the inhibitory activity of α-amylase in vitro and in silico showed that inhibition occurs by competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive mechanisms, depending on the structure of these groups of compounds. Water-soluble complexes of palladium with a sulfanylmethylisoxazole ligand and copper with an aminomethylphenol ligand showed higher inhibitory activity against α-amylase than the reference drug acarbose.
The article notes that tourism is currently one of the most dynamically developing economic sectors in Russia's regions. The Republic of Bashkortostan is no exception, where this industry can be considered a modern and relevant area for developing the republic's economic potential in the current geopolitical environment. The Republic of Bashkortostan possesses significant resource potential for the development of domestic and inbound tourism. The unique combination of natural landscapes and a rich cultural and historical heritage creates favorable conditions for the development of virtually all key types of tourism-cultural and educational, ecological, health and wellness, sports, and business. Agritourism is currently in high demand. Interest in an environmentally healthy and safe lifestyle, a more leisurely and measured approach to life, is growing. In today's reality, international tourism, both in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Bashkortostan, does not account for the majority of total tourist flow. The study showed that 69% of Russian tourists preferred traveling within Russia in 2020, 52% in 2021, 65% in 2022, 55% in 2023, and 48% in 2024. The popularity of agritourism destinations is growing among Russian residents, which is explained not only by economic or geopolitical changes, but also by mental changes.
