Ascophyllum nodosum extracts (ANE) are widely used biostimulants associated with improvements in plant growth, productivity, nutrient acquisition, and abiotic stress tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms linking extract composition to plant signaling and physiological responses remain incompletely resolved. ANE contains a complex mixture of bioactive constituents, including polysaccharides, osmolytes, phenolic compounds, and phytohormone-like molecules. Their composition varies according to biomass source, environmental conditions, and extraction methodology, contributing to variability in biological activity. Current evidence suggests that ANE functions mainly as a signaling modulator rather than a direct nutrient source. ANE treatment has been associated with early cellular responses, including cytosolic Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-associated signaling events. However, many proposed mechanisms remain unresolved, and a considerable proportion of the available mechanistic evidence originates from studies using purified ANE-derived polysaccharides or related elicitor systems. ANE-associated responses include modulation of nutrient transport, primary metabolism, hormonal regulation, transcriptional reprogramming, and stress-responsive pathways, contributing to improved root development, nutrient acquisition, and defense-related responses. Nevertheless, limited knowledge of receptor-mediated perception mechanisms, signaling hierarchies, and extract-dependent variability continues to constrain mechanistic understanding and reproducibility. Future research should prioritize receptor identification, bioassay-guided fractionation, integrated multi-omics approaches, and improved standardization of extraction and formulation procedures. These advances will be essential for establishing robust mechanistic models and supporting the development of evidence-based ANE biostimulants for sustainable crop production.
Abiotic stresses severely limit agricultural productivity and have stimulated growing interest in microalgae as sources of stress-resilient traits and biostimulants. However, comparative genomic assessments integrating multiple stress-associated gene families across chlorophyte genome assemblies are limited. Here, we analyzed 19 chlorophyte genome assemblies to investigate the distribution and copy-number variation of 11 gene families associated with antioxidant defense, osmoprotection, and carotenoid biosynthesis. Candidate genes were identified using standardized InterPro annotations and manually curated to ensure consistent gene copy-number estimation. Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed to characterize gene-family copy-number patterns and multivariate similarities among genome assemblies. Multiple tests in the correlation analysis were controlled using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate procedure. The total functional family assignments ranged from 28 to 51 across the analyzed genome assemblies. Thioredoxin (TRX) exhibited the highest mean copy number (17.26 copies per genome) and the lowest coefficient of variation (15.43%), whereas catalase (CAT) showed the greatest variability (CV = 59.28%). The first two principal components explained 50.18% of the total variation, with PC1 accounting for 30.86% and PC2 for 19.32%, and differentiated genome assemblies according to their stress-associated gene copy-number profiles. Several moderate-to-strong pairwise correlations were observed, but none were significant after FDR correction. Overall, this study provides a curated comparative genomic framework for identifying stress-associated gene-family copy-number patterns across chlorophyte genome assemblies and generating testable hypotheses for subsequent functional studies.
Актуальность исследования обусловлена разрывом между декларируемым метахарактером профессионального взаимодействия педагога и реальной практикой его подготовки в вузе, которая часто остается в рамках знаниево-трансляционной парадигмы образования. Цель состоит в теоретическом обосновании и эмпирической верификации технологической модели формирования субъектной позиции будущего педагога. Методологическую основу составил синтез теории содержательного обобщения (В. В. Давыдов), деятельностного (А. А. Вербицкий, Г. П. Щедровицкий) и субъектно-ориентированного (В. С. Лазарев, В. И. Панов, И. В. Плаксина) подходов. Гипотеза исследования предполагает, что формирование субъектной позиции будущего педагога в профессиональном взаимодействии возможно через организацию образовательного процесса как циклического воспроизведения (фрактала) инвариантного алгоритма деятельности, разворачиваемого от абстрактной «клеточки» (педагогическое взаимодействие) к системе конкретных понятий. Научная новизна работы заключается в разработке и обосновании фрактального алгоритма как технологического ядра подготовки педагога, интегрирующего универсальный деятельностный каркас и сменяемый набор педагогических техник. Теоретическая значимость состоит в конкретизации принципов субъектно-ориентированного подхода применительно к проектированию содержания педагогических дисциплин. Практическая значимость подтверждается многолетним опытом реализации авторской технологии в курсе «Дидактика» и других дисциплинах. Основные результаты демонстрируют, что «проживание» студентом логики педагогической деятельности через фрактальный алгоритм превращает обучение в акт педагогического творчества, формируя устойчивую познавательную мотивацию, системное мышление и рефлексивно-диагностическую позицию. Выводы свидетельствуют об эффективности предложенной модели в преодолении феномена «отсроченной субъектности». Перспективы исследований связаны с адаптацией алгоритма для программ повышения квалификации и цифровой образовательной среды. The relevance of the present study is due to the existing gap between the declared meta-nature of a teacher’s professional interaction and their actual preparation training in higher school, which often remains within the knowledge-transmission paradigm of education. The aim is to provide a theoretical justification and empirical verification of a technological model for the formation of a future teacher’s subject-oriented stance. The methodological basis rests on a synthesis of the theory of content generalization (V. V. Davydov), the activity-based approach (A. A. Verbitsky, G. P. Shchedrovitsky), and the subject-oriented approach (V. S. Lazarev, V. I. Panov, I. V. Plaksina). The research hypothesis posits that the formation of a future teacher’s subject-oriented position in professional interaction is made possible through organization of the educational process as a cyclical reproduction (fractal) of an invariant algorithm of activity, unfolding from an abstract “cell” (or pedagogical interaction) to a system of concrete concepts. The novelty of this work lies in the development and justification of a fractal algorithm as the technological core of teacher training, integrating a universal activity framework and a flexible set of pedagogical techniques. The theoretical significance lies in the concretization of the principles of the subject-oriented approach as applied to the design of the content of pedagogical disciplines. The practical significance is confirmed by many years of experience in implementing the author’s methodology in the course of “Didactics” and other disciplines. Our main findings demonstrate that when students “experience” the logic of pedagogical activity through a fractal algorithm, learning is transformed into an act of pedagogical creativity, fostering sustained cognitive motivation, systematic thinking, and a reflective-diagnostic mindset. The conclusions attest to the effectiveness of the proposed model in overcoming the phenomenon of “deferred subjectivity.” Future research prospects involve adapting the algorithm for in-service development programs and for a digital educational environment.
Статья посвящена исследованию проблемы социальной безопасности и духовного суверенитета современного российского общества. Проблема является всесторонней, приобретает насущный характер, так как быстрыми темпами растут факторы риска и источники угроз, которые охватывают все сферы жизнедеятельности общества и социального субъекта. За последнее десятилетие в мире кардинально изменились потенциальные и реальные угрозы, которые направлены на разрушение государственности, общественной целостности, социальной и духовной идентичности субъекта. Изменились источники и виды рисков и угроз, преобладающими стали различные формы ментального воздействия, манипуляции общественным и индивидуальным сознанием. Через деструктивное воздействие, девальвацию духовных ценностей разрушается гражданская, этническая, социальная, культурная и духовная идентичность. Это приводит к утрате социокультурного и духовного единства населения и порождает риски и угрозы безопасности государства и его суверенитета, в том числе и вызовы сохранению цивилизационной самобытности и духовного суверенитета России.
Microalgal and cyanobacterial biostimulants are increasingly recognized as sustainable tools for enhancing crop establishment and reducing dependence on synthetic agrochemicals. However, the strain-specific effects of many taxa on seed germination and early seedling development remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated the effects of seven microalgal and cyanobacterial suspensions on the germination kinetics and early seedling vigor of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Several strains significantly accelerated germination and enhanced seedling performance relative to the control. Treatment with Coelastrella rubescens BCAC 301 S39, Scotinosphaera lemnae BCAC 113, Vischeria magna UTEX 2351, and Anabaena sp. IT4 significantly reduced mean germination time from 4.50 d to 2.23-2.29 d and advanced the time to 50% germination (T50) from 4.0 to 2.0-2.1 d. These treatments also increased the germination index from 48.32 to 78.17-100.67 and enhanced seedling traits, including root length (32-53%), shoot length (approximate to 29%), leaf length (17-21%), and fresh (30-43%) and dry biomasses (12-22%). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between germination indices and seedling vigor parameters, indicating the faster germination promotes early growth. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that specific microalgal strains can function as effective seed-phase biostimulants, offering a sustainable strategy to enhance germination uniformity, early seedling establishment, and crop productivity.
