Adamas University

Cancer is a leading cause of fatality worldwide, and current therapies often lack specificity and cause burdensome toxic manifestations. Nanomedicines show great promise in cancer therapy, with graphene quantum dots (GQDs) offering strong potential for both treatment and bioimaging due to their unique properties. Efficient uptake, favorable biocompatibility and biodistribution, surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and prolonged release profile make them promising for cancer therapy. GQD-mediated drug delivery shows promise against diverse cancer types via targeted drug release, photothermal ablation, pHresponsive delivery, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These state-of-the-art carbon-based nanostructures have the potential to revolutionize the landscape of cancer therapeutics. This article reviews the expanding role of GQDs in anticancer drug delivery. It further provides a glimpse into relevant theranostic applications. It further attempts to summarize current challenges and regulatory perspectives regarding GQDs in anticancer theranostics.

Breast cancer is one of the major health concern and the second leading cause of death among women globally. The survival rates in breast cancer depends on the stages (Stage I–Stage IV), there by the early diagnosis and followed by surgery and chemotherapy is highly recommended. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, surgery often have limited efficacy and are associated with severe side effects in breast cancers. Thereby, biosafe materials with high potency is in high demand. Phytochemical loaded nano materials are bio compatible, bio safe as a result, that can be explored in breast cancer therapy with least toxicity effect to other healthy tissues. Exploring the potentiality of targeted drug delivery approaches to mitigate breast cancer, focusing on plant-based bioactive molecules (phytochemicals) and their coupling with nano carriers to overcome the different limitations of traditional therapies. The utilization of phytochemicals in breast cancer management, known for their safety and therapeutic efficacy, is discussed as an alternative approach in this review. Challenges such as poor bioavailability, short half-life, and lack of site specificity, which limit their clinical application, are addressed in different sections. Strategies for mitigating these drawbacks include conjugating phytochemicals with nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon dots have also been described in this review. Nanocarriers enhance the stability, systemic bioavailability, and site-specific delivery of phytochemicals, enabling them to cross biological barriers effectively while reducing normal cell toxicity. These systems provide a “green corridor” to target breast cancer cells with improved therapeutic efficacy. Ongoing research and clinical trials highlight the promise of phytochemicals conjugated with nanocarriers in breast cancer therapy. This innovative therapeutic approach has the potential to revolutionize breast cancer management. Further research should focus on advancing the development and clinical application of phytochemicals conjugated with nanocarriers to ensure their widespread adoption in breast cancer therapy.

Abstract The extensive use of petroleum-based, non-bio-degradable plastics has resulted in severe environmental pollution and long-term ecological damage. In response, bio-degradable polymers have emerged as sustainable alternatives capable of reducing plastic waste and minimizing environmental impact. However, the conventional synthesis and processing of these materials often involve hazardous chemicals, energy-intensive methods, and non-renewable resources, which limit their overall sustainability. Green chemistry offers an effective framework for addressing these challenges by promoting environmentally benign materials, safer reaction conditions, renewable feedstocks, and waste-minimizing processes. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments in bio-degradable polymers synthesized using green chemistry principles. It discusses sustainable sources of raw materials, eco-friendly polymerization techniques, green solvents, enzymatic catalysis, and energy-efficient technologies employed in polymer production. Major classes of natural and synthetic bio-degradable polymers, including cellulose, chitosan, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polycaprolactone, are critically examined with respect to their properties, biodegradation behavior, and environmental performance. Furthermore, this article highlights emerging applications of bio-degradable polymers in packaging, agriculture, biomedical engineering, and consumer products, emphasizing their role in promoting circular economy practices. Current challenges, such as high production costs, limited mechanical strength, and inadequate waste management infrastructure, are also addressed. Finally, future perspectives and research directions are outlined to support large-scale commercialization and policy-driven adoption of sustainable polymeric materials. Overall, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the integration of green chemistry and bio-degradable polymer science for achieving long-term environmental sustainability.

The orally administered self nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), an uniform blend with nano scaled globules, is composed of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The aim of the investigation was to develop and optimize Nicardipine loaded liquid SNEDDS via Box Behnken design and characterised based on physicochemical features, DSC and stability profile. Further to achieve sustain drug release, the optimized SNEDDS was compressed as self nano emulsifying tablet (SNET). Furthermore, the in vivo and pharmacokinetic study of the drug loaded SNET (NT) were performed. The NOF indicated droplet size (75.62 nm ± 2.01), self emulsification time (37 s ± 1.01), and 87.6

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health disorders today, often leading to panic, restlessness, and tension. Conventional treatments can cause adverse effects, prompting interest in plant-based alternatives. Glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera (WSGs) have demonstrated neuroprotective effects, but their role in anxiety management remains underexplored. This study evaluates the anxiolytic potential of WSGs using an integrated computational approach combining pharmacokinetic profiling, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Eleven WSGs exhibited favorable blood–brain barrier permeability and drug-likeness, complying with Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Network pharmacology revealed key interactions between WSGs and anxiolytic pathways such as cAMP, Ras, and calcium signaling, as well as addiction-related pathways. Genes like GRIN1, CHRM1, NFKB1, and HDAC2 emerged as potential targets, with GRIN1 identified as the central hub. Molecular docking of the WSGs with GRIN1 (PDB ID: 5EWM) indicated strong binding affinities, and the best-scoring ligand–receptor complex was further evaluated through MD simulations to assess stability and interactions. Results suggest strong binding of WSGs to GRIN1 and indicate a potential modulatory role; however, the proposed mechanism remains hypothesis-generating and requires experimental validation. Overall, this study highlights the therapeutic promise of glycowithanolides in managing anxiety disorders and offers a mechanistic basis for future experimental validation.