Whilst the university was virtual, it had offices in different cities like London, Beirut, Kuwait, Damascus and Manama, for students to go and take their mid-term and final exams.After the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the founder of the university moved back to Iraq and settled in Karbala. Over there he established the university with the Ministry of Higher Education, and it gained the agreement from the minister Dr. Abdul Razzaq al-Aswad in 2004.The university started with three colleges: College of Law, Islamic Sciences, Arts. In 2007, Dr. al-Qazwini purchased a 7000 m² land near the old amusement park in Karbala, 4 kilometers from the shrine of Imam Hussein. This allowed a wider expansion for the university and saw the opening of more faculties.The university seeks to raise the level of education up to that of developed countries in terms of scientific sobriety and to achieve quantum leaps in performance levels and reach international standards.
This study presents a comparative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of hemodynamic behavior at the aneurysm neck (ostium) across four conditions: a young individual, an elderly individual, a person with normal cerebral vasculature and a patient with a cerebral aneurysm. The novelty lies in systematically evaluating how age and pathology influence key flow parameters - velocity, wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and vorticity - under identical boundary conditions. Results show that the young subject exhibits the highest peak velocity (similar to 0.32m/s) and WSS (956Pa), indicating strong and organized flow. In contrast, the elderly case shows the highest OSI (0.2808), suggesting greater flow instability. The aneurysm model demonstrates moderate WSS (765Pa) with sustained but disturbed flow and localized high vorticity, while the normal cerebral model maintains low and stable hemodynamic forces. These findings highlight distinct flow signatures shaped by age and pathology, underscoring the importance of patient-specific assessment in aneurysm risk evaluation.
Advancements in nanotechnology have ushered in a transformative era in biology and medicine, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the forefront due to their unique physicochemical attributes. AuNPs are attractive for biomedical applications owing to their facile synthesis, tunable size and shape, excellent biocompatibility, and distinctive optical properties. These features have enabled their widespread use in diverse areas such as hyperthermia therapy, biocatalysis, diagnostic imaging, and drug delivery systems. The current study focuses on elucidating the complex interactions between AuNPs and key biological macromolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and explores how surface modifications influence these interactions at the molecular level. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent research findings on AuNP–biomolecule interactions, highlighting mechanistic insights and the influence of nanoparticle physicochemical properties on biological activity. Understanding these interactions is crucial for advancing the safe and effective integration of AuNPs into therapeutic and diagnostic platforms. Establishing standardized methods to evaluate both the efficacy and toxicity of AuNPs will facilitate responsible development in this promising field. This review thus provides a snapshot of current progress and challenges, underscoring the significant potential of AuNPs to revolutionize medical procedures through their tailored biological interfaces.
The use of non-invasive media to evaluate the association between trace elements and diseases has spread in recent centuries. Fingernail samples were collected from 103 individuals, including both healthy participants and those undergoing hemodialysis, residing in Karbala, Iraq, and ranging in age from 21 to 75 years. The concentrations of lead were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES). Statistical analyses using F-tests and two-tailed t-tests were conducted to examine the effects of health status, gender, smoking status, and their interactions on lead levels in washed fingernails. The concentrations of Pb in washed fingernails of healthy individuals (11.245 ± 3.530 μg/g) and females (10.519 ± 3.626 μg/g) exhibited significantly elevated levels relative to those in hemodialysis patients (7.769 ± 1.589 μg/g) and males (8.747 ± 2.563 μg/g) at (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Conversely, the difference between the concentrations of Pb in smokers (9.059 ± 2.483 μg/g) and non-smokers (9.652 ± 3.367 μg/g) was insignificant at P ≤ 0.05. In summarize, the levels of lead (Pb) in fingernails of 103 individuals in Karbala, Iraq was measured and found significantly higher levels in healthy participants than hemodialysis patients, and in females compared to males, while smoking showed no significant effect
Periodontitis (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease driven by a dysbiotic oral biofilm, leading to the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Peri-implantitis (PI) involves a similar plaque-induced inflammatory process that results in the loss of bone around dental implants. Endodontic diseases are primarily infections of the dental pulp and periapical tissues. The effective management of these conditions depends on accurate diagnosis and the removal of microbial biofilms from root canals, periodontal pockets, and implant surfaces. However, the development of advanced regenerative therapies has been hindered by a lack of preclinical models that can faithfully replicate the complex pathophysiology of human dental tissues. The integration of microfluidic devices (MFDs) offers a transformative approach for diagnostics and therapeutic screening. These platforms enable the precise analysis of microbial communities and host-derived biomarkers with high sensitivity. Concurrently, organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) technology provides a sophisticated in vitro methodology to model the dynamic, multi-tissue environments of the oral cavity, enabling real-time study of host–microbe interactions, disease progression, and treatment responses. This review examines the converging roles of MFD-based diagnostic tools and OOAC disease models in advancing the understanding and treatment of PD, PI, and endodontic infections. We highlight how these technologies address critical gaps in current dental research and discuss their potential to bridge diagnostic discovery with regenerative therapy development.
The contamination of aquaculture systems by chemical pollutants and pathogenic bacteria poses significant threats to aquatic organisms, particularly fish. In this study, a biocompatible zirconium-based porous material was synthesized and evaluated for its dual functionality: removal of environmental contaminants and control of fish-associated pathogens. The material exhibited high maximum adsorption for phenol and Congo Red, so that, 97
