Atmiya University is a private university located in Rajkot, Gujarat, India. It was established in March 2018 by Sarvodaya Kelavni Samaj under Gujarat Private Universities (Second Amendment) Act, 2018, after the Bill was approved in March of that year.
A novel series of 2-((6-(p-substituted phenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)methyl)dibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11(6H)-one derivatives (6a-6j) was synthesized via conventional multi-step and in situ one-pot strategies as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The synthetic procedure was optimized to enhance yield and purity while incorporating green chemistry principles through reduced solvent usage. Structural elucidation was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and APT NMR spectral analyses. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitory activity, exhibiting IC50 values in the range of 9.10-31.47 mM. Among them, compound 6j (unsubstituted phenyl, H) showed the most potent inhibition with an IC50 value of 9.10 mM. Molecular docking studies further supported these findings, revealing that 6j possessed the highest binding affinity (-11 kJ/mol) and formed two hydrogen bonds with GLN B:289 and THR B:212 within the COX-1 active site. Compounds bearing small alkyl substituents, such as 6f (4 & horbar;CH3) and 6g (4 & horbar;C2H5), also demonstrated significant activity, whereas halogenated and highly polar derivatives exhibited weaker inhibition. Comparative analysis with standard drugs indicated promising COX-1 inhibitory potential for selected derivatives.
The method was validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R2) and included the system suitability, specificity, linearity, accuracy, homogeneity, robustness and forced degradation studies. The study presents a robust and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method developed for the quantification of Nitroglycerin in 4 mg/g ointment formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Hypersil BDS C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water and methanol in a 60:40 (v/v) ratio at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection was carried out using an UV detector set at 220 nm with a run time of 15.0 min. The method demonstrated excellent system suitability and specificity without interference from excipients or matrix components. Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 40–120 µg/mL. The
The present study employed a three-step synthetic strategy to develop a series of novel (Z)-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-(3-(((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl) propanamide derivatives. This approach utilized readily available and cost-effective reagents under mild reaction conditions, affording the target indole-based compounds in good yields. Structural elucidation of the synthesized molecules was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and both 1H and 13C NMR analyses. The antimicrobial activities of the synthesized derivatives were evaluated by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains. The results revealed that methoxy- and nitro-substituted derivatives exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas chloro, hydroxy, and nitro functionalized compounds demonstrated notable antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus clavatus. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed using AutoDock software to investigate the binding interactions of the synthesized compounds with Staphylococcus aureus dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in complex with trimethoprim. In addition, in silico ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analyses were carried out to assess the physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, and therapeutic potential of the developed compounds.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health threat, with environmental compartments increasingly recognized as important reservoirs and dissemination routes for resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This study investigated the occurrence, enumeration, and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from three highly contaminated environmental matrices in Rajkot, Gujarat, India: sewage water, sewage-contaminated soil, and fresh cow dung. Samples were processed in triplicate using standard spread-plate technique on Nutrient Agar. A total of 78 pure isolates were obtained and subjected to Gram staining, biochemical tests (IMViC, catalase, starch hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, urease, and gelatin hydrolysis), and antibiotic susceptibility testing against 18 clinically important antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (CLSI M100, 2023 guidelines). Experiments were performed in biological triplicates and results expressed as mean ± SD. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were frequently encountered, particularly among Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus spp. The highest bacterial load was recorded in cow dung (7.8 ± 0.9 × 106 CFU/g), followed by sewage soil and sewage water. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides was widespread. Identified genera included Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus spp. This work provides the first comprehensive dataset on environmental AMR in Rajkot region and highlights the role of untreated sewage and animal manure as critical hotspots driving community-level AMR dissemination in India.
An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893325700761
