Augustana University

BackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is highly successful for pain relief and patient satisfaction, yet randomized controlled trials consistently show no difference between supervised physical therapy and self-directed exercise at 12 months. Paradoxically, patients report normalized function at 12 months, yet demonstrate strength deficits compared with healthy controls. This narrative review examines why these deficits persist and what factors may explain the apparent equivalence of rehabilitation approaches.MethodsLiterature was identified through PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, and searched (2004-2026) for literature on exercise dosing, risk stratification, and implementation barriers in THA rehabilitation.ResultsEvidence reveals a measurement paradox: 95% of THA trials use patient-reported outcomes that normalize by 12 months, whereas only 22% assess strength in which deficits persist. Approximately 68.7% of patients recover well with self-directed exercise, though 31.3% initially discharged to self-directed care ultimately require formal rehabilitation. Validated tools can identify high-risk patients preoperatively. System-level barriers limit the implementation of evidence-based dosing.ConclusionThe path forward requires standardized outcome measures capturing strength restoration, validated risk stratification to identify patients requiring intervention, and evidence-based dosing for those with persistent deficits.

Background: The low-lying level structure of 13Be is still not fully understood; specifically, it has not been ruled out that the first 1/2- state could be located above the isomeric 0+ 2 state of 12Be and decay via that state. Purpose: Search for a possible decay path of 13Be excited states through the isomeric 0+ 2 state in 12Be. Method: The invariant mass technique was used to reconstruct (12Be + n) decay energies from neutron removal reactions of 14Be at 78 MeV/u on a 9Be target in coincidence with delayed gamma rays. Charged particles and neutrons were detected and identified with a telescope and a subset of the Modular Neutron Array (MoNA), respectively, around zero degrees. The CAESium-iodide scintillator ARray (CAESAR) was located around the telescope measuring the gamma rays. Results: No evidence for the population and decay of the 0+ 2 state in 12Be was observed. From the nonobservation of 511 keV gamma rays an upper limit of 6% of the p-wave contribution was extracted. Conclusions: The previously observed p-wave resonance at about 500 keV does not decay via the isomeric state and thus corresponds to the ground state of 13Be decaying to the 12Be ground state.

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on multi-turn reasoning and interaction, such as adaptive retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and ReAct-style agents, to answer difficult questions. These methods improve accuracy by iteratively retrieving information, reasoning, or acting, but introduce a key challenge: When should the model stop? Existing approaches rely on heuristic stopping rules or fixed turn budgets and provide no formal guarantees that the final prediction still contains the correct answer. This limitation is particularly problematic in high-stakes domains such as finance and healthcare, where unnecessary turns increase cost and latency, while stopping too early risks incorrect decisions. Conformal prediction (CP) provides formal coverage guarantees, but existing LLM-CP methods only apply to a single model output and cannot handle multi-turn pipelines with adaptive stopping. To address this gap, we propose Multi-Turn Language Models with Conformal Prediction (MiCP), the first CP framework for multi-turn reasoning. MiCP allocates different error budgets across turns, enabling the model to stop early while maintaining an overall coverage guarantee. We demonstrate MiCP on adaptive RAG and ReAct, where it achieves the target coverage on both single-hop and multi-hop question answering benchmarks while reducing the number of turns, inference cost, and prediction set size. We further introduce a new metric that jointly evaluates coverage validity and answering efficiency.

To facilitate its goal of fostering department transformation, the Partnership for Undergraduate Life Sciences Education (PULSE) organizes some of its work into five geographic regions and leverages the expertise of the PULSE Fellows in each region. This article examines how these Regional Networks have driven department-level changes through outreach activities, use of the PULSE Rubrics as a diagnostic tool to help departments to advance the Vision and Change recommendations, and implementation of the PULSE framework to address local needs and challenges. We present impact data through Regional Network activities and identify commonalities in successes and challenges across all the geographic regions. Through reports from the Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Northwest, and Midwest Great Plains, we highlight each Regional Network’s accomplishments in influencing the adoption of PULSE strategies to implement the Vision and Change recommendations to transform departments.

In a recent article, Michael Rea has argued that hope for universalism to be true is incompatible with a lack of belief in its truth, so that hopeful universalists should become believing universalists. His reasoning, in short, is that hope for universalism involves belief that universalism is good, and such belief conflicts with a recognition of what might be God's perfect will - that universalism is false. In response, I defend hopeful universalism by arguing that at least in some cases, we should align our hopes (or what Eleonore Stump terms our 'desires of the heart') with what we take to be not God's consequent will, but only God's antecedent will - and it may be only God's antecedent will, and not God's consequent will, that universalism be true.