Babol Noshirvani University of Technology (BNUT), sometimes also referred to as Noshirvani Institute of Technology or NIT, is a public research university and Institute of Technology in Babol, Mazandaran Province in the north of Iran, 20 km south of the Caspian Sea. The university is an influential center for academic research in Iran, due to which it has been consistently ranked among the top schools in the country. BNUT is currently ranked 1st among all Iranian universities according to Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings. THE has also ranked BNUT between 351st and 400th among world universities, 55th among the world's young universities, as well as 43rd among Asian universities.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose serious risks to soil and human health, necessitating effective remediation strategies. This study investigates the efficiency of hybrid ultrasonication-ozonation treatment for the removal of Anthracene (ANT) and Phenanthrene (PHE) from contaminated soils, outperforming individual methods. Experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid method achieved superior removal efficiencies, with maximum values of 70.4
This study aims to explore the complex heat and mass transfer behavior in blood-based Casson penta hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) flow through a squeezing channel, with the novelty lying in the simultaneous consideration of inclined magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, and microbial activity an integrated configuration not previously examined in literature. The work addresses a key research gap by analyzing how penta hybrid nanoparticles and microorganisms interact within a biofluid system, providing new insights into the coupled thermal, concentration, and biological transport mechanisms. The governing partial differential equations are systematically reduced to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, and the resulting system is solved via the differential transform method (DTM) to ensure robust and accurate results. The findings demonstrate that increasing the squeezing parameter reduces temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles, while higher magnetic intensity and magnetic inclination angle enhance the temperature profile. In contrast, increasing the shape factor and thermal radiation parameters decreases temperature, and greater reaction and Schmidt numbers reduce both concentration and microorganism profiles. Notably, an increase in the magnetic parameter improves the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number, while higher Schmidt and reaction parameters enhance the Sherwood number. Quantitatively, the use of PHNF enhances the Nusselt number by 10.8% compared to a single nanofluid, indicating superior heat transfer performance. Additionally, the microbe flux from the surface is elevated with increasing Schmidt, Peclet, and reaction parameters. These insights have direct implications for biomedical engineering, offering valuable guidance for the design of advanced drug delivery systems, hyperthermia treatments, and diagnostic devices that require precise manipulation of blood flow and thermal properties in the presence of nanoparticles and biological agents.
Background: The removal of organic pollutants from the environment is of great importance due to their harmful effects on human health and ecosystems. Herein, the main goal is to fabricate a ternary double Z-scheme photocatalyst comprising BiVO4, LaFeO3, and modified g-C3N4 to degrade multiple organic pollutants including RhB and methylene blue dyes, tetracycline antibiotic, and phenol under visible light. Methods: The ternary BiVO4/LaFeO3/modified g-C3N4 ternary photocatalyst was synthesized using the hydrothermal method. Comprehensive characterization techniques were utilized to examine properties of the catalysts. Additionally, the effects of three key variables-the initial concentration, pH, and photocatalyst dosage-on RhB dye degradation were examined using Design Expert Software. Significant findings: Process optimization revealed a maximum RhB dye degradation of 94.7 % under optimal conditions (pH = 7.5; photocatalyst dosage = 26.5 mg; initial concentration = 16 ppm). The ternary photocatalyst showed 90.3 % degradation of methylene blue (90 min), 84.5 % tetracycline (120 min), and 93.5 % phenol (75 min). Reactive species trapping indicated hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions as dominant. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the improved absorption of visible light and superior charge carrier separation. This research offers valuable insights for designing effective double Z-scheme photocatalysts for ecological remediation applications.
The seismic performance of mid-to high-rise buildings supported by pile foundations in liquefiable soils is influenced by complex soil-pile-structure interaction (SPSI) mechanisms, which significantly alter both geotechnical and structural demands. This study develops a fully coupled three-dimensional nonlinear numerical framework to examine how pile length and building height affect the dynamic response of reinforced concrete structures founded on pile groups embedded in layered liquefiable soil deposits. The model incorporates advanced constitutive soil behavior with pore-pressure generation, realistic pile-soil interaction response, and structural nonlinearity. Five, ten, and fifteen stories, supported by 4 & times; 4 pile groups with lengths of 6, 12, and 18 m, are subjected to near-fault (Northridge) and far-field (Morgan Hill) earthquake records. The results indicate that the height of a building significantly alters system stiffness, natural period, and energy demand, which in turn affects its seismic response. Taller buildings exhibit greater foundation rotation, broader settlement zones, and increased lateral pile demands due to higher inertial forces and longer vibration periods. The interaction between structural period and traveled input motion frequency content through the soil layers governs amplification patterns, leading to record-dependent trends in floor accelerations and interstory drift ratios (IDRs). Increasing pile length enhances rotational stiffness and generally reduces shear strain within the liquefiable layer. However, longer piles also increase energy transfer to the superstructure due to greater soil-pile contact, which may amplify floor accelerations, interstory drifts, and story shear forces depending on the frequency content of the input motion. While short piles experience larger rotations and lateral deformations, longer piles can attract higher internal forces in certain configurations. The findings suggest that simply increasing pile length does not guarantee improved seismic performance and may, under certain conditions, heighten structural demands. This study emphasizes the importance of integrated geotechnical and structural modeling for the performance-based seismic design of pile-supported high-rise buildings in areas with liquefiable soils.
This study explores the flow behavior of a magnetized three-dimensional rotating penta-hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) over a stretched sheet, focusing on its potential applications in polymer processing and industrial cooling. The aim of the study is to investigate how various factors, such as nonlinear thermal radiation, heat source/sink, magnetic impact, porosity effects, and temperature ratio, influence the flow and heat transfer characteristics of PHNF. The modeling assumptions include the consideration of a porous medium, the influence of rotational effects, and the impact of magnetic fields on the fluid. The research methodology involves transforming the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations, followed by numerical solutions in MATLAB. The results show that higher radiation parameters and temperature ratios enhance fluid temperature, while magnetic fields and porosity reduce fluid velocity and boundary layer thickness. Additionally, the study finds that using PHNF instead of ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF) leads to a reduction in the skin friction coefficient and an increase in the Nusselt number, making PHNF a superior candidate for heat and mass transfer applications in industrial systems. The findings highlight the practical value of PHNF in improving cooling efficiency and product quality, particularly in polymer processing applications such as blown film extrusion.
