Baltic State Technical University

The paper proposes an algorithm for controlling the motion of an unmanned vessel and for navigating through navigational hazards in accordance with the Rules for Navigation on Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the need to ensure the safety and efficiency of vessel operations through the implementation of autonomous technologies under the condition of availability of accurate onboard information about the current situation. Control is performed directly on board the unmanned vessel, i. e., autonomously, rather than based on commands from the shore. The optimal control problem is solved for a simplified center-of-mass model of a moving object. It is noted that the requirement to make real-time decisions in vessel control leads to the use of both mathematical and information models. The application of A. A. Krasovsky’s self-organizing optimal regulator with extrapolation is effective. In this work, the weighting coefficients of the PID controller are determined from analytical expressions obtained for the self-organizing optimal regulator with extrapolation. Mathematical models and algorithms are proposed for the analysis of the navigational situation, route correction, and data integration. A mathematical model of dynamics is developed, and optimal control algorithms ensuring the safety of the unmanned vessel are established. A methodology for maneuvering an unmanned vessel based on autonomous optimal situational control with avoidance of navigation hazard zones is developed. The results of computer simulation of optimal vessel motion are presented.

This paper discusses holographic optical elements recorded in photothermorefractive (PTR) glass for high-power laser systems. The main attention is paid to volume Bragg gratings and holographic diffusers, which combine high diffraction efficiency with high resistance to laser radiation. The features of volume recording, thermal development, and optical testing are considered. It is shown that PTR-glass elements can be used for spectral selection, mode stabilization, beam filtering, and formation of prescribed spatial intensity distributions in compact laser systems.

The aim of the research is to justify the methodological legitimacy of humanistic knowledge through V. S. Stepin’s concept of post-nonclassical rationality. The work conducts a comparative analysis of three types of scientific rationality (classical, nonclassical, post-nonclassical) and identifies their correspondence to historical stages in the evolution of scientific cognition. At the ontological level it is demonstrated that the humanities study self-developing systems in which subject and object form an integrated unity, which requires the inclusion of value orientations in the structure of knowledge. It is shown that the status of truth is transformed from absolute correspondence to reality into justification within the value context of an epoch, verified through dialogue and critique. The role of reflection is revealed as a mandatory instrument of the researcher, allowing them to become aware of their cultural rootedness and to turn it into a source of knowledge. The mechanisms of value transmission into scientific text (lexico-grammatical, stylistic, narrative) are analyzed, confirming the active constructive function of language. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the systematization of the principles of the post-nonclassical paradigm as a basis for overcoming the gap between natural-scientific standards and the specificity of the sciences of spirit, as well as in the redefinition of objectivity as the capacity for reflexive self-control and dialogical argumentation. As a result of the study, it is substantiated that humanistic cognition realizes the most reflexive form of the scientific method, adapted to the ontology of complex self-developing systems.

The article considers the issues of thermodynamic processes occurring in heat accumulators (HA) based on phase transition. A mathematical model of a heat accumulator with a number of assumptions is presented. To verify the correctness of the mathematical model, a number of experiments were conducted on a heat-accumulating substance (HAS) with similar modeling conditions, initial data and assumptions. Comparison of the experimental and calculation results showed the correctness of the proposed scientific and methodological apparatus taking into account the assumptions put forward.

The article is devoted to system analysis, which is an integral part of the formation of quality requirements for automated systems. This analysis allows you to take into account all aspects that are necessary for the successful implementation of the project and provides feedback between the customer and the developer. Due to this, successful requirements formation ensures the success of the project and customer satisfaction.