Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, abbreviated as SPbPU (also, formerly "Saint Petersburg State Technical University", abbreviated as SPbSTU), is a Russian technical university located in Saint Petersburg. Other former names included Peter the Great Polytechnic Institute (Политехнический институт императора Петра Великого) and Kalinin Polytechnic Institute (Ленинградский политехнический институт имени Калинина). The university houses one of the country's most advanced research labs in hydro–aerodynamics. The university's alumni include Nobel Prize winners, such as Pyotr Kapitsa, nuclear physicists and atomic weapon designers such as Yulii Khariton and Nikolay Dukhov aircraft designers and aerospace engineers, such as Yulii Khariton, Oleg Antonov, Nikolai Polikarpov and Georgy Beriev. The university offers academic programs at the Bachelor, Master's and Doctorate degree levels.
Nuclear-assisted high-temperature steam electrolysis (HTSE) offers a promising pathway for low-carbon hydrogen production. However, the optimization of integrated nuclear-HTSE cogeneration systems remains computationally challenging due to the high cost of detailed thermodynamic simulations. This study proposes a systematic surrogate-assisted optimization framework of nuclear-HTSE for efficient, low-cost hydrogen production. A high-fidelity Aspen HYSYS model is developed, and a statistically representative dataset is generated using Wilks' sampling. Gaussian Process Regression is selected as the surrogate model for its superior accuracy and data efficiency. A key finding reveals a linear relationship between standalone nuclear efficiency and cogeneration performance, enabling optimization of the standalone system. The surrogate is embedded within four metaheuristic algorithms, all converging to a global optimum of 35.18% standalone efficiency. Backvalidation in Aspen HYSYS confirms excellent agreement (0.34% error). This computationally efficient framework supports the industrial deployment of nuclear hydrogen production.
Nanomedicine has enormous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms.However,the clinical transla-tion of various nanoparticles(NPs)as drug delivery systems(DDSs)for tumor therapy remains poor.The main bottleneck is the limited database on the correlation between the design of NPs with unique physicochemical features and their therapeutic efficiency.In this study,we aim to design and investigate structurally variant nanocarriers composed of polylactide(PLA),silicon dioxide(SiO2),calcium carbonate(CaCO3),and barium carbonate(BaCO3)to reveal the relationship between their physicochemical features and therapeutic effectiveness against melanoma in vitro and in vivo.Specifically,we(1)examined their morphology,size,and structural characteristics;(2)evaluated colloidal stability;(3)verified the drug-loading and re-lease efficiency of a 2-aminothiophene scaffold(2AmT);(4)investigated cellular uptake and tumor spheroid penetration effi-ciency;(5)analyzed in vivo biodistribution;and(6)estimated therapeutic efficiency.The main characteristics of inorganic and organic NPs were collected and compared systematically.Considering the advantages and drawbacks of each NP type,the following tumor growth inhibition against melanoma was observed:CaCO3(87.9%-93.4%for 0.4 g/kg of 2AmT)>SiO2(75.6%-93.2%for 0.4 g/kg of 2AmT)>PLA(80.3%-88.2%for 0.4 g/kg of 2AmT)>BaCO3(58.8%-83.7%for 0.4 g/kg of 2AmT).Thus,this study contributes to the development of fundamental nanomedicine and accelerates the clinical translation of nanocarriers for effective melanoma therapy.
The paper presents the results of parametric numerical modeling of turbulent jet propagation from a slot into a confined space at a Reynolds number of 4·103. The data of 2D and 3D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes calculations in the basic confined space configuration close to the experimental conditions of Mataoui et al. (2001) show that the Strouhal number values obtained in the 2D and 3D formulations differ approximately by 10
The structure, mechanical properties, nonmetallic inclusion cleanliness and pitting corrosion resistance of S32750 duplex stainless steel microalloyed with the rare‑earth metals Ce + La in amounts of 0.02–0.08 wt
During fabrication of silicon targets, defects are formed both on the surface and in its structure. Some defects are difficult to identify. Later, they manifest themselves only when the target is used in a vidicon. The structure of the substrate, antireflection coating, and surface of the photosensitive elements of targets was studied using X-ray diffractometry and optical microscopy. Substrate deformation, caused by uneven impact on the edges of the target when pressing it into a ring, was established. This deformation leads to occurrence of mechanical stress with an increase in the concentration of charge carrier generation centers. A significant violation of the [111] orientation in a Si layer deposited on the target substrate was revealed. A new result explaining the formation of white illumination in the images when checking the vidicon was obtained. A new technique for monitoring the detection of these defects was developed.
