Berhampur University

We analyze, for the first time, the electron transport properties of armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR)-based asymmetric triple barrier resonant tunnelling diode (TB-RTD) structure constructed from a 12-AGNR (AGNR of 12-atomic width) with three vertical cuts embedded from the top. Non-equilibrium Green's function formalism is used to study the current-voltage (I-V) and transmittance (T-E) characteristics by varying the structure parameters. It is gratifying to show that a thin central barrier not only enhances the peak current Ip but also reduces the valley current Iv, thus raising the peak to valley current ratio (PVR). A reduced emitter barrier width effectively helps in enhancing Ip, while a reduced collector barrier width causes decreasing Iv. The variation of well widths towards the emitter (Ww1) and collector (Ww2) affects both Ip and Iv differently. Ip can be enhanced by decreasing/increasing Ww1/Ww2, while Iv can be reduced by increasing/decreasing Ww1/Ww2. Additionally, a larger Ww1 supports a lower operating voltage. Based on the above facts, an optimized structure with low barrier widths and moderate well widths can be suggested for better device operation. The proposed structure exhibits a peak current (Ip) of about 1.63 E-7A and the highest PVR of 26 for a device length of similar to 8-10 nm. The steep negative differential resistance (NDR) regions with superior PVR of the AGNR- TB-RTD make the device suitable for high frequency and switching operations, indicating the novelty of this study. The design flexibility and extremely low dimension of the AGNR based structure can be considered as a suitable choice over the semiconductor devices.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have numerous advantages of low cost, optimum band gap and efficiencies at par with Si solar cells, might become the next generation photovoltaic (PV) technology. Several studies suggest Bi2FeCrO6 (BFCO) could be a prospective lead free and stable absorber material for PSC. In this study, a multilayer PSC using BFCO as the perovskite absorber is designed and modelled. The PV performance of a double perovskite BFCO under different hole transport layers (HTLs) like MoO3, Cu2O, P3HT, NiO, CuSCN, Spiro-Ometad, PEDOT:PSS and NPB is numerically analyzed using SETFOS 5.3 software. To improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE), the impact of several properties, such as thickness, doping and defect concentration of the absorber layer and the charge transport layer, is carefully optimized. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiency of BFCO PSC is investigated, including recombination efficiency, series and shunt resistance, and the examination of many bottom electrodes to assess their influence on device performance. PEDOT:PSS showed the best performance among all HTLs for the BFCO solar cell. The device structure FTO/NSTO/Bi2FeCrO6/PEDOT:PSS/Au displayed the highest PCE of 23.14% with 1.262 V of open circuit voltage, 82.21% of fill factor and 22.30 mA/cm2 of short circuit current.

Rural tourism has become a big part of long-term growth, especially in growing areas where women are very important as business owners and community leaders. This research looks at how women in Odisha, India, can help sustainable rural tourism development. It looks at how they can help with economic freedom, community development, and environmental sustainability. This study looks at a lot of existing research and real-world evidence to show that when women take part in rural tourism projects, they improve the health of communities, protect traditional heritage, and create long-term economic growth. The results show that compared to traditional tourism models, businesses run by women are more likely to be successful in community involvement, protecting the environment, and being sustainable in the long term. By looking at gendered methods to rural tourism development, this study helps us understand them better and gives policymakers and development workers working in similar areas new ideas.

Effective sampling design in ecological research is pivotal, particularly for the habitat monitoring research in free-ranging species. A novel weighted, stratified-random procedure based on Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), through Analytic Hierarchy Process, was employed to finalize the sampling strategy for free-ranging ungulates. Eight different strata were identified (species occurrence, herd size, cropland, grassland, fallow land, slope, cropping intensity, and pesticide application risk) and standardized to assign relative weights. Selected grids, therefore, reflected proportional representation of MCDA-derived priorities, with units allocated stepwise and excluded from subsequent strata once selected. Through pairwise comparison matrix, 27

The present study investigates the awareness and usage of various Open Educational Resources (OER) namely, eGyanKosh, e-PG Pathshala, National Digital Library Initiatives (NDLI), and Khan Academy by the postgraduate students of a public funded university in Odisha. The students were administered a structured questionnaire to assess their level of awareness and usage behaviour of OER. The study collected 281 valid responses, which were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in IBM SPSS 22. The study's findings reveal that eGyanKosh and e-PG Pathshala are the popular OER among postgraduate students. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between science and technology students and business, social sciences, and humanities students in awareness and usage of e-PG Pathshala (chi(2)=1.193, p>0.05). However, the level of awareness and usage behaviour by the students of both the disciplines towards NDLI (chi(2)=10.450, p<0.05), eGyanKosh (chi(2)=46.091, p<0.01) and Khan Academy (chi(2)=20.465, p<0.01) are different. The findings of the study would help identify policy interventions and their formulation by other higher educational institutions to spread awareness and improve the use of OER by the students.