Spin-wave (SW) filters using single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) is an attractive technology for integration in frequency-adjustable or frequency-tunable communication systems1. However, existing SW devices do not have sufficient bandwidth for future 5G and 6G communication systems2,3, are too large or have strong spurious passbands, creating unintentional cross-channel interference. Here we report a SW ladder filter architecture requiring only a single external magnetic bias, which is enabled by modern micromachining fabrication methods capable of wafer-scale production. The filters developed in this work demonstrate loss as low as 2.54 dB, bandwidths up to 663 MHz, centre-frequency tuning over several octaves from 7.08 to 21.6 GHz and high linearity with an input-referred third-order intercept point of more than 11 dBm in the passband. The operation of the filter is also experimentally demonstrated in a frequency-tunable radio system.
CdGeP 2 is a non-centrosymmetric uniaxial crystal whose birefringence is too low for phase-matching in its transparency range; however, it has been successfully applied in THz generation using near-IR laser pump sources. We present measurements of the linear thermal expansion of CdGeP 2 in the 12-820 K temperature range by X-ray diffraction using powdered samples. The results indicate strong anisotropy with negligible compression along the optical axis.
Distributed quantum computing (DQC) offers a practical path to scaling beyond the qubit and wiring limits of monolithic processors, but current compilation flows provide limited support for heterogeneous inter-chip communication. In multi-chip systems, remote operations are often slower, noisier, and less reliable than local gates, and their cost depends strongly on link quality, latency, and device calibration. As a result, compilation decisions such as circuit partitioning, link selection, and qubit mapping become tightly coupled, yet are often handled separately or with simplified communication models in existing solutions. We present DisMap, a calibration-aware distributed compiler that integrates the heterogeneous costs of both interand intra-chip operations into a unified hierarchical cost model. Given per-chip topology, noise calibration data, and inter-chip link specifications, DisMap constructs a global system topology, applies adaptive circuit partitioning to minimize expensive crosschip interactions, and performs iterative distributed qubit mapping to place logical operations on low-error qubits and route cross-chip communication over high-quality links. Evaluated on realistic multi-chip topologies inspired by IBM superconducting hardware, DisMap achieves up to 21.9% higher circuit fidelity and up to 92.6% lower execution cost compared to state-ofthe-art partitioning and mapping baselines, while maintaining practical compilation times across a wide range of circuit benchmarks.
The Carruthers Geocoronal Observatory (Carruthers), formerly GLIDE, is a NASA Heliophysics Science Mission of Opportunity implemented through the Solar Terrestrial Probes (STP) Program and launched as a rideshare in September 2025. Carruthers is the first spaceflight mission edicated to continuous global imaging of Earth's hydrogen exosphere through observations of geocoronal Lyman-α emission at 121.6 nm. The observatory operates at distances of 1.3-1.7 million km in a halo orbit about the Sun-Earth L1 point, enabling retrieval of the three-dimensional distribution of atomic hydrogen, the dominant constituent of the exosphere, on hourly timescales and unprecedented spatial resolution. These new data provide the key to understanding processes governing atmospheric escape, geospace coupling, and solar-wind interaction. Carruthers carries the GeoCoronal Imager (GCI), a dual-channel ultraviolet imaging instrument comprising the Narrow-Field Imager (NFI) for high-resolution observations of the inner exosphere and the Wide-Field Imager (WFI) for synoptic imaging of the extended hydrogen halo. Along with a student-provided experiment, the instrument suite is the sole payload aboard a three-axis-stabilized spacecraft designed to support nadir viewing throughout the ∼178 day halo orbit about L1. Observations also measure the interplanetary Lyman-α background, enabling separation of heliospheric and geocoronal emissions. The student-led experiment monitors solar Lyman-α and extreme ultraviolet emission during portions of the orbit. Science data are returned through the Deep Space Network at data rates up to 1 Mbit s^-1. The two-year baseline mission begins in March 2026, with propellant reserves capable of supporting more than ten years of orbit maintenance and maneuvers.
Interactions between vortices and normal shock waves, which are often encountered in transonic and supersonic flows, can cause the vortices to break down or burst. Experiments aimed at establishing the characteristics of these interactions are performed in the range Mach 1.3 to Mach 1.5, where little experimental data is available despite the industrial relevance of this regime. A strong compressibility effect was observed, with the non-dimensional circulation required to cause vortex breakdown reducing by about 25
