Rydberg-atom-based electrometry provides a quantum, SI-traceable approach to radio-frequency (RF) and microwave electric-field sensing by linking optical spectra to absolute field strength through electromagnetically induced trans parency. Over the past decade, rapid advances in excitation schemes, field-tuning methods, interferometric readout, and cavity-assisted coupling have significantly improved sensitivity, bandwidth, and tunability of Rydberg-based sensors. In parallel, progress in fiber-coupled modules, microfabricated vapor cells, and photonic integration is enabling compact and deployable receiver architectures. This review presents a comprehensive and metrology-oriented synthesis of the physical principles, system architectures, standardized performance metrics, and uncertainty considerations relevant to Rydberg-atom RF sensing. By con solidating diverse developments into a unified performance and evaluation framework, this work provides a critical reference for the design, comparison, and advancement of next-generation quantum RF sensors and standards.
This study numerically and experimentally investigates a novel design of heat exchanger for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage. This novel heat exchanger is composed with an open-cells aluminium alloy (AlSiG03) lattice structure block (0.25 m3) cast around 16 heat transfer tubes, made of steel. This design of LHTES shows several advantages in terms of modularity, reduction of manufacturing operations and integration (stackable, joinable), according to heating networks requirements. A first Proof of Concept of 16.8 kWh (for Delta T = 40 degrees C) was designed, manufactured and tested with the Crodatherm74 as PCM and with different hydraulic configurations, and conditions corresponding to District Heating applications. The experimental data from these tests allowed validating results of a dynamic simplified model of this LHTES developed on Dymola/Modelica software, enabling this model to be used for designing new storages.
A self-healing LED architecture that integrates three main components as blue-emitting InGaN/GaN core–shell microwires, self-healing polydimethylsiloxane, and single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes positioned on the silicone matrix was developed.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with an isolated C3d(+) direct antiglobulin test is a rare and understudied condition in children. It typically encompasses cold agglutinin syndrome and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, both transient, infection-triggered disorders collectively referred to as cold AIHA. We report a national cohort of 142 pediatric patients with isolated C3d(+) AIHA, representing 21.6% of all childhood AIHA cases enrolled in the French OBS'CEREVANCE cohort over a 32-year period. The median age at diagnosis was 3.2 years (male-to-female ratio, 1.3), and median follow-up was 2.8 years. Infectious symptoms were present in 63.4% of cases. At diagnosis, median hemoglobin was 6.4 g/dL; 69.7% of patients had inadequate reticulocytosis (bone marrow responsiveness index of <121), and 90.4% required transfusions. Eighteen patients (12.7%) had or developed immunopathological manifestations (IM) including 5 diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency (4 with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome). Among 8 (5.6%) patients with relapsing disease, 6 had no IM at diagnosis but 4 developed IM at relapse. Nine patients were antinuclear antibodies (ANA) positive; none progressed to systemic lupus over a median follow-up of 4.9 years. Corticosteroids were administered to 82.4% of patients (median duration, 4.5 months), with no clear benefit over untreated patients regarding hospital stay or transfusion needs. No deaths were reported. In conclusion, pediatric isolated C3d(+) AIHA generally follows a favorable course. However, a minority of patients may reveal underlying immune disorders, highlighting the importance of tailored evaluation at diagnosis. Cold agglutinin testing with thermal amplitude and Donath-Landsteiner testing, rarely performed in this cohort, warrant further study for their impact on diagnosis and clinical management.
We introduce the use of a crossed pair of Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLLs) as an objective in Dark-Field X-ray Microscopy (DFXM). In a demonstration experiment at the ID03 beamline at ESRF, two flat Mo-Si MLLs were used, with a physical aperture of 50 x 50 μm^2 and a focal length of 14.25 mm at 19 keV. Applying a 10
