The Central University was founded by the International Central Gospel Church (ICGC) in Accra, Ghana. It was founded as a pastoral training institute by Mensah Otabil in 1988. In June 1991, it was known as the Central Bible College. It later became the Central Christian College in 1993 and eventually became the Central University College in 1998. In 2016, Central University College attained the status of a fully-fledged University thus now Central University. The stated aims of the university is to provide an "integrated and biblically-based tertiary education with particular reference to the needs of the African continent". It is currently the biggest private university in Ghana.
This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, classification, and evolving therapeutic approaches. Delving into the prevalence and incidence of HE, it is found that the burden of this condition is on individuals and healthcare systems. The intricate mechanisms underlying HE, including abnormalities in synapse transmission, the ammonia hypothesis, the false neurotransmitter theory, the GABAergic theory, and the benzodiazepine theory, are scrutinized, providing a nuanced understanding of the disorder. The review examines altered gene expression, hyponatremia, neurosteroids, oxidative stress, electrolyte imbalance, and manganese accumulation as contributing factors to HE. Classifying HE and identifying precipitating risk factors form crucial aspects of the discussion, shedding light on the most widely used diagnostic tools. Conventional approaches for HE management are discussed, focusing on reducing elevated ammonia formation, improving ammonia-detoxifying liver capacity, and inhibiting false neurotransmitters. Antibiotics, metabolic ammonia scavengers, albumin, probiotics, dietary management, zinc, and secondary prophylaxis are analyzed as current therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the review examines emerging therapies at various stages, including clinical and pre-clinical development, such as glycerol/sodium phenylbutyrate, ornithine phenylacetate, fecal microbiota transplantation, engineered bacteria, liposome-supported peritoneal dialysis, GABAA receptor modulating steroid antagonists (GAMSA), activated carbon microspheres, and glutamine synthetase replacement. This review consolidates knowledge on HE, providing a comprehensive resource for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals involved in managing this complex disorder. The synthesis of epidemiological data, pathophysiological insights, and therapeutic advancements offers a holistic view of HE, paving the way for improved diagnosis and targeted interventions.
Bioleaching extracts metals from solid wastes and ores, such as zinc (Zn) recovery from sphalerite (ZnS). One of the major operating costs in bioleaching of zinc sulfide is aeration, where one method could be cutting down the oxygen requirement by and restricting the sulfide sulfur oxidation at elemental sulfur state not allowing to proceed to sulfate ion by further oxidation. The aforesaid goal was achieved by using mixed consortia of iron oxidizing microorganisms dominated with Leptospirillum ferriphilum which oxidizes ferrous ion to ferric, which aimed to carry out direct bioleaching such that elemental sulfur could be produced the iron oxidizing microorganisms enhancing the Zn dissolution from ZnS minimizing passivation layer formation under controlled redox potential within a desired range. Flotation-concentrate of zinc sulfide with 52
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus species are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, further complicated by the relative ineffectiveness of the existing antifungal treatments. Posaconazole (PSZ), a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent, is hindered by its designation under the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II, having low water solubility (< 1 µg/mL) and fluctuating oral bioavailability (8-47
Environmental and indoor air pollution causes respiratory infection related morbidity and mortality. Hence, the study tries to explore the relationship of environmental PM2.5 and indoor air pollution with the prevalence of Lower Respiratory Infection (LRIs) related neonatal (NMR) and under-five child mortality (U5MR) in India. The study extracted NMR, U5MR, PM2.5 and other environmental data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (2021), and collected state level indoor air pollution and socioeconomic information of the child, mothers, and community from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 2019–21 dataset. The investigation employed join point regression analysis, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression models and spatial analysis technique to establish the relationship between PM2.5, indoor pollution and NMR or U5MR caused by LRIs in India. The trend analysis indicates that NMR and U5MR declined significantly by 66
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) containing olaparib (OLA) were designed and refined to enhance effectiveness against Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) in this study. The OLA-loaded NLC formulation was prepared by melt emulsification followed by ultrasonication. The formulation optimization was performed using a Box-Behnken design in DoE. The optimized NLCs consist of Gellucire® 50/13 as the solid lipid component, Labrafac® MC 60 as the liquid lipid, and Pluronic F 127 and PEG 400 as surfactants. Characterization of the optimized formulation revealed favourable physicochemical properties, including an average particle size of 126.0 ± 4.61 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.2 ± 0.012, a zeta potential of − 13.6 ± 1.21 mV, an entrapment efficiency of 88.5 ± 5.42
