Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) is one of the main storage pests affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate resistance to Z. subfasciatus in common bean genotypes and its relationship with Fe and Zn content. For this purpose, resistance was evaluated of 63 genotypes, by means of: “no-choice experiments”, Fe and Zn mineral content was determined by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and correlation analyses were carried out to know the relationship between these variables. Commercial cultivars from Cuba were susceptible to the arthropod. The wild accessions from which the resistance originated and RAZ lines were resistant, associated with the presence of arcelin variants that confer resistance in the order Arc1 > Arc6 > Arc7 > Arc5 > Arc2. The Arc4 conferred intermediate resistance and Arc3 it didn't confer resistance to this insect. No relationship was detected between resistance to Z. subfasciatus and Fe and Zn content. These results constitute the first report of the absence of relationships between Z. subfasciatus resistance and Fe and Zn mineral content.
We here report of a conference about “Pesticides in Soil, Groundwater and Food in Latin America as part of One Health” that took place at the “IV Seminario Internacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (SISA)” in Varadero, Cuba, 8–12 May 2023. Researchers of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico) and Switzerland (workshop initiator) held presentations about occurrence and effects of pesticides on the environment, human health, the replacement of highly hazardous pesticides (HHP) by agroecological alternatives and the agri-food value chain. In a subsequent round table discussion, the presenters identified deficits, needs, interests and opportunities. According to them, the lack of awareness of pesticide use affects the health and safety of workers applying the chemicals. Despite Latin America representing the main agricultural area in the world with a very intense pesticide use, monitoring data of pesticides in soil, surface and groundwaters, food, as well as in humans are missing. Risks of pesticides to humans should be assessed so that authorities can withdraw or limit within “short time” the access to corresponding formulations on the market. Also, communication is not state of the art and should be improved as, e.g. the teaching of workers and farmers, how to correctly use and apply pesticides or the briefing of decision makers. Pollinators suffer from multiple stressors not the least due to pesticides, and alternatives are badly needed. On the technical side, the different analytical methods to determine residues of active ingredients and transformation products in matrices of concern should be harmonized among laboratories. Seven future actions and goals were identified to overcome the above deficits. Next steps after the publishing of this conference report are to harmonize and complete the information status of the presenters by exchanging the results/data already present. Therefore, a platform of interaction to address issues described above and to enhance collaboration shall be created. Samples of different matrices shall be exchanged to harmonize the chemical analysis and establish interlaboratory comparisons. Such activities might be facilitated by joining international associations or organizations, where researchers can offer their expertise, or by forming a new pesticide network for Central and South America that could present tailored projects to national and international organizations and funding agencies.
Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) is one of the main pests of storage beans, affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in tropical world regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate antixenosis of two P. vulgaris genotypes to Z. subfasciatus and the emission of volatile compounds from seeds of these genotypes. Antixenosis in adults and oviposition was evaluated using the obligate antibiosis test, on ‘G11051’ and ‘ICA Pijao’ genotypes of common bean to Z. subfasciatus. The volatile compounds of their seeds related to antixenosis were also evaluated. The number of adult insects away from seeds, the percentage of eggs in seeds and the container and the number of total eggs were counted. The presence of volatile compounds was determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Genotype ‘G11051’ showed higher adult antixenosis (80 % non-preference) and antixenosis by oviposition on their seeds than ‘ICA Pijao’ genotype which showed only 11 % repellency. Significant statistical differences were found in the volatile compounds detected. ‘G11051’ showed 65 compounds and 22 specific to this genotype, while in ‘ICA Pijao’, 53 compounds were detected, eight of which were specific to this genotype. Of these, dimethyl disulfide, limonene, (E)-2-hexenal and hexanal showed known antixenotic activity.
Objetivo. Establecer la capacidad como hospedante de once cultivares de frijol negro más extendidos en la provincia Mayabeque y determinar su límite de tolerancia. Materiales y métodos. Para la preparación del inóculo se utilizaron raíces de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L., var Cambell-28) infestadas con Meloidogyne incognita, en macetas de 1 kg de capacidad con una mezcla de suelo ferrasol éutrico y estiércol vacuno como abono orgánico (en proporción 1:1). Se establecieron siete tratamientos y un testigo (sin inocular), los niveles poblacionales fueron 0.125; 0.25; 1; 4; 16 y 64 J2/gramo de suelo. Se calcularon los factores de reproducción (FR) e índice de reproducción (IR) de cada genotipo, evaluando la resistencia y el efecto de densidades poblacionales del nematodo sobre la masa foliar de cada genotipo evaluado. Los datos se procesaron través del paquete estadístico R y se graficaron. Resultados. Se verificó que los cultivares BAT-304, BAT-306, CUFIG-48, CUL-156, Tomeguin-93, PL-8, P-248-1, Caujeri-2170, Milagro Villareño y Güira-89, fueron susceptibles a M. incognita (FR≥1), mientras que Triunfo-70 fue resistente. BAT-306, tuvo menor límite de tolerancia (LT) (0,002 J2 /g de suelo y Triunfo-70 el más alto (0.75). La mayor pérdida de masa foliar (85%) la alcanzo BAT-306 y la menor Triunfo-70 (20%). Conclusión. Los cultivares CUFIG-48, CUL-156, Tomeguin-93, PL-8, P-248-1, Caujeri-2170, Milagro Villareño y Guira-89 fueron susceptibles a M. incognita.
Con el objetivo de realizar un estudio etnobotánica y etnoveterinario en el municipio Uaco Cungo de la provincia de Cuanza Sul, Angola, fue aplicada una encuesta y se elaboraron formularios semiestructurados, que fueron aplicadas a 112 personas que utilizan plantas medicinales en humanos y animales, según la metodología desarrollada. De ellos, 106 hombres (95 %) y seis mujeres (5 %). El 51 % de las personas afirman que sí usan plantas medicinales para la cura de sus enfermedades y el 69 % de ellos tratan a sus animales enfermos con plantas. El 42,71 % emplea las hojas, el 27,12 % usa las raíces, el 11,86 % utiliza los tubérculos y el 18,31 % usan tallos, semillas y flores. El 30,55 % usa las plantas como extracto acuoso, el 23,68 % las maceran, el 19,21 % en forma de polvo y 26,56 % en forma de cataplasma, plantas frescas trituradas y en jugo. La vía más empleada fue la oral (62,02 %), seguida de la vía tópica (37,98 %). El uso de plantas medicinales para combatir enfermedades, en humanos y animales, es de gran importancia en estas comunidades debido a la incapacidad para obtener los fármacos convencionales en el mercado nacional.
