Chita State Academy of Medicine

The paper presents research data on the selenium content in soils and some plant species growing in the Transbaikal Territory. It has been established that the selenium content in plants of the region ranges from 0.05 to 0.53 mg/kg of dry weight. The maximum concentrations were recorded in the leaves of Artemisia sieversiana (0.53 mg/kg), and the minimum in the roots of Artemisia frigida (0.05 mg/kg). Selenium accumulates more frequently in the aboveground phytomass of plants than in the underground one. The soils of the region are characterized by a low content of gross and mobile forms of the element.

This review presents the main approaches to the treatment of children suffering from Crohn’s disease (CD). Special attention is paid to conservative methods, which primarily maintain remission in patients with uncomplicated forms of the disease. The cornerstone of CD treatment includes lifestyle modifications, dietary therapy, and the elimination of factors that trigger exacerbations. Pharmacological therapy has demonstrated the greatest efficacy, comprising both time-tested drugs and modern high-tech genetically engineered biological agents. Thuswise, the combination of these technologies, which reduces the frequency of relapses and improves patients’ quality of life, is widely used in the management of moderate and uncomplicated forms of CD. However, in complicated and severe cases where conservative therapy fails to produce positive results, surgical treatment methods should be considered. Currently, the laparoscopic approach is the most appropriate, characterized by lower invasiveness and a shorter recovery period. It should also be noted that disease recurrence occurs much less frequently compared to open surgical techniques. The choice of the correct therapeutic strategy remains a decisive factor in the management of pediatric patients with CD, as inappropriate tactics can lead to relapses and complications that could otherwise be avoided.

The work focuses the attention of primary care physicians and dentists on the timely detection and adequate treatment of chronic diseases and precancers of the oral mucosa in order to prevent their transition to malignant neoplasms.The prevalence of oral mucosal diseases ranges from 5 % to 20 %, among which there are many obligatory and optional precancers susceptible to malignancy. The occurrence of precancerous diseases of the oral cavity and the red border of the lips and their malignancy are influenced by various factors, including chronic trauma from sharp edges of decayed teeth, poorly manufactured parts of orthodontic and orthopedic structures, irritating hot and spicy food, and bad habits (alcohol, smoking, chewing tobacco, etc.), occupational hazards, meteorological, climatic conditions and others. In addition, the growth of advanced cases of oral mucosal diseases is facilitated by late patient referral, the lack of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of precancerous diseases, insufficient oncological alertness of doctors, failure to comply with the terms of conservative treatment, etc., which in the future can lead to malignancy of precancerous pathological processes. At a dental outpatient and inpatient appointment, it is necessary to pay special attention to the lack of proper effect from treatment, changes in the color of the mucous membrane, the appearance of papillomatous growths in the area of erosions and ulcers, compaction of the edges of the lesions, which should alert the doctor and require urgent referral of the patient for consultation with an oncologist. In this regard, a visit to the dentist should begin with an examination of the oral cavity to exclude pathology of the mucous membrane, early detection, timely conservative or surgical treatment, elimination of local unfavorable factors, and further dispensary observation. To support these positions, the authors presented a number of clinical observations of patients with precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa. In general, the doctor must remember that “from a precancerous condition to malignancy there is only one-step!” and explain to the patient the need to observe all precautions in the prevention and treatment of precancerous diseases.

Обоснована актуальность локальных исследований по проблемам физической подготовленности студентов для учета специфики вуза и факультетов при организации физического воспитания обучающихся. Исследование проведено на базе Забайкальского государственного университета. Методы исследования (тестирование для оценки физических качеств и двигательных способностей, опрос) позволили описать особенности отношения студенток к физической культуре в целом, здоровому образу жизни и дополнительной двигательной активности. Выявлены устойчивые межфакультетские различия по всем тестам. Установлены взаимосвязи между уровнем физической подготовленности и типом темперамента обучающихся, уровнем двигательной активности в течении дня. Полученные результаты подтверждают необходимость дифференцированного подхода к организации учебных занятий по дисциплине «Элективные курсы по физической культуре и спорту» в вузе с учетом профиля обучения студентов. The relevance of local research on the problems of physical fitness of students is substantiated in order to take into account the specifics of the university and faculties in the organization of physical education of students. The study was conducted on the basis of the Trans-Baikal State University. The research methods (testing to assess physical qualities and motor abilities, a survey) made it possible to describe the peculiarities of the students' attitude to physical culture in general, a healthy lifestyle and additional physical activity. Stable interfaculty differences in all tests were revealed. The interrelations between the level of physical fitness and the type of temperament of students, the level of motor activity during the day are established. The results obtained confirm the need for a differentiated approach to the organization of training sessions in the discipline "Elective courses in physical culture and sports" at the university, taking into account the profile of students' education.