Saratov State Medical University

The study assessed DNA damage in cells of various mouse organs in an induced mutagenesis experiment, evaluating the potential modifying effect of Helichrysum arenarium L. extract using the DNA comet assay. The extract did not exhibit genotoxic effects at the tested doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). It reduced the mutagenic effects of both dioxidine and cyclophosphamide at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in bone marrow, kidney, spleen, and liver cells, while at 50 mg/kg, the protective effect was observed only in bone marrow and kidney cells. Thus, the Helichrysum arenarium extract demonstrated DNA-protective properties in an experiment on outbred white male mice.

Background: The high rate of deaths from injuries with uncertain intentions, which are not informative for demographic analysis, leads to a blurring of the real picture of deaths from suicide, murders and accidents, and changes these data. Aim: To analyze the causes of death of the block of injuries with uncertain intentions (Y10-Y34) as one of the components of violent death, affecting the indicators of statistical reporting on mortality from external causes. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of medical death certificates of persons who died a violent death in the Saratov region for the period from 2014 to 2023 was carried out. The causes of death and class codes V01-Y98 of ICD-10 were analysed according to the headings V01-X59 accidents, X60-X84 intentional self-harm, X85-Y09 assault, Y10-Y34 injuries with uncertain intent. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the Microsoft Office 2010 application package of the Microsoft Excel application. Results: In the structure of violent death from 2014 to 2023, there is a trend of an increase in the share of injuries with uncertain intentions, a decrease in the percentage contribution of suicides and murders. The leading types of death included in block Y10-Y34 are blunt trauma, asphyxia and poisoning, and a significant increase in the proportion of asphyxia and a decrease in blunt trauma were revealed in dynamics. It has been established that the increase in cases in the IUI group occurs mainly due to the movement of falls from height, poisoning and hangings to this block. Conclusions: The study found an increase in the proportion of injuries with uncertain intent in the structure of violent death, mainly due to the transfer to block Y10-Y34 of cases of hanging, falls from heights, blunt force injuries and some poisonings from blocks X60-X84, V01-X59, X85-Y09, which is the reason for the distortion of the indicators of mortality from murders, accidents and suicides.

Introduction. Microcirculation disorders accompanying the inflammatory response to periodontopathogenic microflora are a key element in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The complex therapy of periodontitis includes the administration of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, which can be optimized through modern microencapsulation technologies that allow creating dosage forms combining different classes of drugs. In this regard, optimization of the ratio of antibacterial and antiinflammatory agents in multi-target drugs is of not only scientific but also practical interest. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of a range of experimental gel samples with different ratios of microcapsules containing anti-inflammatory and antibacterial substances on the state of the gingival microcirculatory bed in animals with experimental periodontitis. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on 50 white rats. The experimental design involved dividing all animals into several groups: control (rats with intact gingiva); comparison group (animals with experimental periodontitis); experimental groups № 1, № 2, № 3 (rats with experimental periodontitis treated with a gel containing microcapsules with AgNPs loaded with an equal ratio of tannic acid and metronidazole (1:1), a predominance of capsules with tannic acid (2:1) and a predominance of metronidazole capsules (1:2), respectively). Periodontitis was modeled using the ligature method by suturing a polyfilament non-absorbable thread into the gums in the area of the lower jaw incisors. The state of the microcirculation in all presented groups was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry after removal of the ligature on the 21st day of the experiment. Results. It has been established that gel applications containing an equal amount of active substances effectively reduce the increased perfusion rate by 30% and partially correct the parameters of active and passive blood flow modulation in rats with experimental periodontitis. A gel with a predominance of antibacterial components reduces the perfusion index by 23%, but does not ensure the restoration of active and passive modulation of gingival blood flow in white rats with experimental periodontitis. The use of the gel, in which the anti-inflammatory component predominates ensures complete restoration of gingival microcirculation in animals with periodontitis. The gel with a predominance of anti-inflammatory components exceeds the analogue with an equal ratio of capsules with active substances in the correction of cardiac oscillations by 39%, as well as the analogue with a predominance of antibacterial components in the effectiveness of perfusion correction by 4%, myogenic by 38%, neurogenic by 27%, respiratory by 1.3 times and cardiac oscillations by 1.4 times. Conclusions. Gels containing microcapsules with tannic acid and metronidazole significantly correct gingival perfusion disorders and its modulation mechanisms in rats with experimental periodontitis. The efficiency of correction of microcirculatory disorders in animals with periodontitis depends on the ratio of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory components in the gel. The use of a gel sample containing capsules with tannic acid and metronidazole in a ratio of 2:1 in rats with experimental periodontitis ensures complete restoration of gingival microcirculation.

Objective. To identify parameters of non-invasively recorded cardiac biosignals associated with the development of adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure. Materials and methods. A systematic literature review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology. PubMed and eLibrary databases were used. Search depth — from 1995 to 2025. For this study, 42 articles were selected for the final analysis. Results. The analyzed signals included electrocardiogram (ECG) (office or 24-hour Holter monitoring) in 28 studies, sphygmogram — in 1 study, acoustic cardiogram, impedance cardiogram, blood pressure (office measurement or 24-hour monitoring) — 4 studies for each biosignal, and pulse rate — 1 study (office measurement); in addition, 95% of the sample were cohort observational studies. The risk of bias in cohort studies was assessed using the Russian version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. It was shown that the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN, threshold values from 44 to 112 ms) calculated on the basis of 24-hour ECG monitoring data was the most common (in 10 studies) independent predictor of adverse events in a follow-up period of 6 months or more. A randomized controlled trial showed that treatment guided by EMAT% (target value <15%) and S3 score (target value <5) of the acoustic cardiogram was associated with improved outcomes. When combined with clinical status parameters (natriuretic peptide levels, NYHA functional class, peak oxygen consumption), the predictive value of some parameters increases. Information on threshold values of biosignals for scientific and practical application is summarized. Conclusion. It is advisable to simultaneously record multiple biosignals and use a combination of indicators with clinical status parameters to improve the accuracy of predicting adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hyperuricemia (HU) — conditions common in the global and Russian populations, which are associated with high comorbidity, deterioration of prognosis and quality of life of patients. Data on the incidence of HU in patients with COPD in the Russian population are limited. Objective. To assess the detection rate of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with clinical and functional parameters. Materials and methods. For retrospective analysis, 93 patients with COPD were selected by random sampling. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of HU. Results. Mean urinary acid (UA) level was 348 [290; 391.9] μmol/L. HU was detected in 40 (43%) patients. A relationship of the detection rate of HU and levels of UA, ratio of UA/creatinine with age and intensity of bronchial obstruction was not noted. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of patients, severity and duration of COPD, intensity of bronchial obstructive syndrome, dyspnea and presence of comorbid pathology. Less intensity of smoking was observed in patients with COPD and HU than in those without HU (p>0.05). Persons with HU were more likely to have arterial hypertension (p<0.05), obesity (p<0.05), diabetes mellitus (p>0.05), and atrial fibrillation (p>0.05) in their medical history. A tendency towards more frequent use of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics was noted in patients with HU (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences in hypoxemia and systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein level) intensity were found between the studied groups in patients with COPD and HU. These patients have higher levels of creatinine, urea, total protein and a lower glomerular filtration rate. Conclusion. Incidence of hyperuricemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exceeds the population indicators. A relationship of the level of uric acid with intensity of systemic inflammation and some comorbid pathology has been established. The study of urinary acid level is an important component of a comprehensive approach to managing patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which allows to identify possible metabolic disorders and assess the risk of developing concomitant diseases.