College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences is a veterinary college located at Mannuthy, Thrissur city of the Indian state of Kerala. The college is part of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
The study was carried out for the cultural and molecular diagnosis of caprine mycoplasmosis in Kerala, India and for the development of an antigen detection latex agglutination test (LAT) for its field diagnosis. A total of 126 samples, comprising 100 nasal swabs and 26 lung tissues, were subjected to isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR assays included Mycoplasma 16S rRNA genus specific PCR, as well as species and cluster specific PCRs targeting the Mycoides cluster, Mycoides group, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp), M. capricolum subsp. capricolum (Mcc), M. agalactiae, M. ovipneumoniae, M. conjunctivae, and M. arginini. Additionally, a Mmc strain was characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the same was used for the development of LAT by sensitizing latex beads with hyperimmune serum raised against Mmc for antigen detection. On Mycoplasma 16S rRNA genus specific PCR, 69 samples (64 nasal swabs and five lung tissue) turned positive. Of these, two lung tissues were positive for Mycoides cluster, Mycoides group, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) specific PCR. On species specific PCRs, 17 nasal swabs were positive for M. agalactiae, 38 for M. ovipneumoniae, and 8 for M. conjunctivae. The two lung tissue samples, which produced typical colonies on modified Hayflick medium, were confirmed as Mmc using species specific PCR. The representative Mmc strain, Ker.TCR. LT used for developing LAT had a genome size of 1,211,756 bp with 945 protein coding genes and is closely related to a goat derived strain, IVB-X as indicated by core genome phylogenetic analysis. Of the 50 nasal swab samples collected from goats with respiratory tract infections for validation of LAT, 17 were positive by PCR and 14 by LAT. In comparison to PCR, the LAT had a sensitivity of 87.5 percent and specificity of 100 percent. The latex agglutination test is a simple, rapid and reliable screening test under field conditions.
Theileriosis is one of the most important ticks borne hemo-protozoan diseases of cattle causing huge economic losses. The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and impact on hematological indices and biochemical markers of Artemisia annua L. and Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand for the novel treatment of sub-clinical bovine tropical theileriosis. A total 18 sub-clinical theileriosis positive cows were selected and divided randomly into three groups (n = 6). Group I treated with A. annua plant extract @ 100 mg/kg BW PO for six days, group II treated with A. annua plant crude powder @ 1000 mg/kg PO for six days and group III received C. procera flower crude powder @ 100 mg/kg body weight orally 8 doses on alternate days. Clinical study revealed slight increase in body temperature, respiratory and heart rates while hematological analysis revealed decrease in haemoglobin, PCV, platelet count, TEC, TLC and neutrophil and slight increase in percentages of lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil whereas blood biochemical parameters revealed decrease in total serum protein and albumin levels and increase in serum AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and BUN levels in all sub-clinical theileriosis affected cows. The group I showed 100
Mastitis is a common economically important disease of dairy buffaloes. Antibiotic resistance is the most cited reason behind the failure of clinical mastitis treatment in buffaloes. Selection of antibiotic after antibiotic sensitivity test is the key to avoid multidrug resistance (MDR) for mastitis therapy. Therefore, the present research work was carried out to evaluate efficacy of moxifloxacin and marbofloxacin in clinical mastitis in buffaloes based on the sensitivity against common mastitic bacteria in buffaloes. Total twenty clinical mastitis positive buffaloes were selected after screening of 129 lactating buffaloes by strip cup test and clinical signs, in and around Parbhani area. The selected buffaloes were divided into 2 groups, 10 animals in each. Group I was treated with injection Moxifloxacin @ 5 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days and group II received injection Marbofloxacin @ 2 mg/kg BW IM for 5 days. Supportive treatment was given in both groups as antihistaminic, multivitamins and NSAIDs. The clinical parameters like rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate showed significant improvement in both the treatment groups. Haematolgical study showed significant improvement in TLC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count while apparent but non-significant improvement observed in Hb, PCV, basophil, eosinophil and monocyte count. The most frequent bacteria observed in mastitic samples were Staphylococcus aureus, followed by E. coli, Klesiella spp. and mixed bacterial infection. Marbofloxacin showed highest sensitivity to mastitis causing bacteria followed by Moxifloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. The comparative efficacies in treatment groups were calculated on the basis of improvement in clinical signs, strip cup test and somatic cell count after treatment. Higher efficacy of Marbofloxacin was found (70
Background and purpose Oligomenorrhea (infrequent menstrual periods), can significantly impact women's reproductive health and quality of life. This study explores the potential connection between exercise timing and menstrual regularity, aiming to provide insights for tailored exercise interventions in women with such irregularity. Material and methods A 12-week pretest-posttest design with multiple experimental groups was conducted with fifteen participants aged 18-23, each with a history of consistent menstruation for at least six months and without hormonal contraceptive usage. Participants were allocated to morning, afternoon, and evening exercise sessions, engaging in a personalized exercise regimen that combined cardiovascular and strength training activities thrice weekly. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were employed to comprehensively assess menstrual regularity, focusing on cycle length and characteristics. Analysis of Covariance (ANOVA) tests were utilized to scrutinize the potential impacts of exercise timing on menstrual regularity. Results The results showed noteworthy changes in cycle lengths after the training sessions, indicating the potential effectiveness of such interventions for individuals experiencing menstrual irregularity. Regarding Oligomenorrhea, morning sessions demonstrated the most considerable reduction in cycle length, while afternoon and evening sessions had less pronounced effects. Conclusion This study confirms the significant impact of exercise timing on menstrual cycle length and characteristics for women with Oligomenorrhea. Varied responses emphasize the importance of tailored interventions considering distinct times of the day.
The levels of nano- and microplastic in the aquatic environment rises due to the industrial production of plastic and the degradation of plastic into smaller particles. We have limited knowledge about what happens to nanoplastic specifically in freshwater environments. Acute toxicity study of carbon dot embedded polystyrene nanoplastic (CDPS-NP) was conducted according to OECD-202 guidelines (OECD, 2004) in Daphnia magna. The distribution of CDPS-NPs and its impact on aspects of D. magna’s life cycle, such as growth, motility and mortality rate and occurrence of malformations was examined. Daphnids were placed in individual containers and exposed to various concentrations of test media over a 48-hr period. Mortality was taken as the endpoint of the test. The exposure of CDPS-NPs led to reduced body size and severe disruptions in reproduction. Its bioaccumulation in body was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. Exposure to PS-NPs caused an increase in mortality with an increase in concentration. The changes observed were found to be time and concentration dependent. Overall, these data indicated that the acute toxic effects of CDPS-NPs exposure on neonates were more pronounced than in adults.
