Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University (CBPBU) is a public state university in Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. The university was named after the 19th-century Rajbangshi leader and social reformist, Panchanan Barma..
We present a broadband spectral-timing analysis of the black hole X-ray binary GS 1354 - 64 using five NuSTAR observations obtained during its 2026 outburst, together with long-term soft X-ray monitoring from MAXI. The rms-normalized NuSTAR cospectra reveal persistent type-C low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in all observations, with centroid frequencies evolving from similar to 1.4 to similar to 6.1 Hz. The QPO quality factor varies non-monotonically and reaches its maximum value at an intermediate frequency, indicating that the coherence of the oscillation is governed more by the changing inner accretion-flow geometry than by the total flux alone. The 3-79 keV spectra are well described by the model constant*TBabs*(diskbb + cutoffpl + relxill), with the absorption column fixed at the Galactic value and the photon index and cutoff energy of the reflection component tied to the direct continuum. The source shows clear spectral softening, with the photon index increasing from Gamma similar to 1.74 to similar to 2.53, while the inner disc temperature rises from similar to 0.38 keV in the first two observations to similar to 0.84-1.16 keV in the later observations. The cutoff power-law component dominates the broadband 0.01-100 keV flux throughout the outburst, whereas the reflection flux remains comparatively stable. The cutoff energy increases from similar to 33-37 keV to values above 100 keV, indicating significant evolution of the high-energy continuum. We find a positive correlation between QPO frequency and photon index, while the QPO frequency does not follow the total flux monotonically. These results are consistent with a truncated-disc interpretation in which the optically thick disc may evolve inward during the outburst, enhancing coronal cooling and contributing to the observed increase in QPO frequency. Within the framework of Lense-Thirring precession, the QPO evolution can be interpreted as arising from changes in the geometry of the inner hot flow.
The green procedure has emerged as a promising technique for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles because of its eco-friendliness, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and low toxicity. Taking into account all these unique characteristics, we have introduced the use of aqueous extract of Ananas Comosus and Murraya koenigii at ambient temperature for the preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles. The active organic alkaloid compounds present in the above-mentioned leaves act as reducing as well as capping agents during the synthesis procedure. The synthesized biogenic rhombohedral alpha-Fe2O3 (Hematite) NPs exhibit remarkable catalytic activity toward the degradation of noxious organic dyes, viz., methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), and they retain their catalytic activity up to five cycles. MB is degraded within 18 min, while MO becomes colorless within 28 min. The synthesized nanoparticles also exhibit antibacterial activity, which has been checked against E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains. In a nutshell, this work emphasizes the sustainable approach of using A. Comosus and M. koenigii leaf extracts to synthesize catalytically active iron oxide nanoparticles. Such plant extracts can be used for the preparation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for their applications in different important fields, including biological applications.
Ranikhola River Sub-Basin features a complex topography and frequent landslides. Road construction and urban expansion exacerbate the situation. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and machine learning methods are used to assess spatial landslides in the Ranikhola River Sub-Basin, East Sikkim. Thirteen landslide conditioning factors were represented as GIS layers in the study area to construct landslide susceptibility maps. Parameters were assigned weights using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy methods to balance subjective and objective influences. Random forests (RFs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were compared with two MCDM methods, TOPSIS and VIKOR, to map landslide susceptibility. The dataset was divided into training and testing, with a 70:30 ratio. As shown by accuracy assessments, ML approaches outperform MCDM. Slope (23.21
Rapid urbanization significantly influences the quantity and quality of natural water resources. This study investigates the impact of urban growth on the water quality of the Balason and Mahananda rivers in Siliguri. To evaluate the Water Quality Index (WQI), water samples for eleven physicochemical parameters were collected from seventeen selected sites. An upper - urban - downstream gradient approach was adopted, integrating statistical and GIS-based techniques for comprehensive analysis. WQI results indicated a marked decline in water quality during the lean season, particularly in densely populated urban stretches. Average WQI scores ranged from good to poor, with the most degraded sites located within the central urban zone. Statistical assessments revealed significant spatial variation in water quality across upstream, urban, and downstream segments. This research highlights that improving urban water quality aligns directly with SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), suggesting the urgent need for integrated water resource management and sustainable urban planning.
We report a systematic investigation into the energy dependence of intermittent fluctuations and multifractal characteristics of primary charged hadrons ( h^± ) produced in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies √(s) = 0.9–13 TeV. The study is performed using the PYTHIA 8.3 Monash event generator, focusing on the influence of distinct color reconnection (CR) mechanisms—specifically the Multiple Parton Interaction-based (MPICR), QCD-based (QCDCR), and Gluon-Move (GMCR) schemes on local density fluctuations in one-dimensional pseudorapidity space. Using the method of scaled factorial moments, we observe clear power law scaling across the investigated energy spectrum, confirming the presence of self-similar cascading in small collision systems. To characterize the underlying dynamics, we evaluate several parameters, including the degree of multifractality (r), critical exponent ( ν ), anomalous fractal dimension ( d_q ), and Lévy index ( μ ). Furthermore, the degree of multifractality (r) and the multifractal specific heat (c) are found to be positive and sensitive to the CR topology. A significant finding of this work is that the critical exponent ( ν ), derived from the scaling of fractal dimensions, aligns most closely with the Ginzburg–Landau theoretical prediction of ν≈ 1.304 when the QCD-based CR scheme is employed. These results suggest that the inclusion of complex color string topologies, such as junctions, is essential for reproducing the critical fluctuations indicative of a quark-hadron phase transition in high-multiplicity pp collisions at Large Hadron Collider energies.
