Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, commonly known as Avadh University or Awadh University, is situated on NH330 in Faizabad city in Faizabad district, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) state. It was established in 1975 by the government of Uttar Pradesh.P.P.
Purpose: The purpose of this study aims to investigate the factors that influence the financial mortality of consumers transacting digitally, as well as examine the organization's perspective regarding major factors in a retail store for consumer durable. Design/methodology/approach: DMAIC approach of six sigma and 5S quality tools were used for improving the digital transaction system. The study sample consists were of 680 respondents from both urban and rural areas in a retail store. Findings: The finding of the study suggests that service fairness, security and transparency are strong determinants that influence the financial mortality of digitally transacting users in a retail store. Performance expectancy and innovativeness is the least considering factors for consumers at a retail store for consumer durable products. Research limitations/implications: The findings of the study reflect more responses from urban areas than rural areas. If equal responses were collected from both urban and rural areas, it would have given more generalized results. Practical implications: While transacting digitally and maintaining financial mortality, the consumer at a retail store must attain holistic satisfaction in terms of security, trust, convenience, performance expectancy, service fairness, and innovativeness. Originality/value: The study investigates the factors influencing the financial mortality of users transacting digitally. The focus is to know that people can maintain their financial mortality while transacting digitally, now they don't have to rely only upon hard cash to maintain financial mortality in a retail store for purchasing the consumer durable items.
Stabilizing proteolytic enzymes such as chymotrypsin (CHT) remains a major challenge due to their susceptibility to denaturation and loss of activity under non-physiological conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the use of triazolium-appended zwitterionic ionic liquids (ZILs) as efficient stabilizing agents that not only preserve but also modulate the functional properties of CHT. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies reveal distinct structure-function effects dictated by alkyl substituents. IL1, with a linear substituent, binds through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions, inducing similar to 3.2-fold fluorescence quenching while preserving the secondary structure. Importantly, the CHT-IL1 composite retained and even marginally enhanced catalytic activity toward a pyrenylated tyrosine substrate, underscoring the creation of a favorable microenvironment for turnover. In contrast, IL3, bearing a branched alkyl chain, inserted into hydrophobic protein pockets and stabilized a long-lived exciplex-type charge-transfer emission at 405 nm (lifetime extended from 7.8 to 13.5 ns). Docking simulations corroborated these findings, showing that IL1 stabilized CHT via hydrogen-bond/electrostatic contacts (-6.7 kcal mol-1) whereas IL3 formed an extended hydrophobic-aromatic network with stronger binding (-7.9 kcal mol-1). These results establish how structural variations in ZILs dictate protein interactions, offering valuable strategies for enzyme stabilization and functional modulation in biocatalysis.
During the Kumbh, the Ganga at the Sangam in Prayagraj, where it meets the Yamuna, showed greater microbial diversity than either river before their confluence. Mass bathing altered the density and diversity of archaea, bacteria, phages and viruses, while fungi, protozoans, cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms remained largely unaffected. Notably, this study was the first to report archaeal phages, cyanophages and mycophages in the river system. Archaea species richness was higher in the Yamuna (127 spp. during Pre Kumbh), whereas bacterial diversity was greater in the Ganga (2764 spp.). The Ganga exhibited a higher relative abundance of skin, oral and gut archaea and bacteria, except for gut bacteria, which were more prevalent in the Yamuna. Skin and gut archaea showed strong positive correlations with the number of devotees ( r = 0.818 and r = 0.870, respectively), while oral archaea were less affected. Pathogenic microbes with high fatality rates were more common in the Yamuna. Variations in archaeal, bacterial, phage and viral communities were influenced by physico-chemical parameters, ion levels, nutrient content and devotee's load. The Ganga exhibited higher phage diversity and a greater phage-tobacteria ratio than the Yamuna. Hence, phages regulate the pathogenic bacteria through predator-prey dynamics, consequently reducing infection risks. Despite mass bathing by over 100 million devotees, which sharply increased nutrient and pollution levels, no endemic or epidemic outbreaks were reported.
As nanotechnology advances, the deployment of nanomaterials in various applications increases, inevitably leading to their release into the environment, particularly soil. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial responses to nanomaterials, researchers can develop strategies to mitigate potential adverse effects and harness the beneficial roles of nanomaterials in soil environments. Moreover, the chapter explores the concept of a “balancing act” in microbial-nanomaterial interactions, highlighting the delicate equilibrium between nanomaterial-induced stress and microbial adaptation. It discusses how microbial communities may undergo shifts in composition and function in response to nanomaterial exposure, potentially affecting nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and ecosystem resilience. By advancing our understanding of these interactions, we can develop sustainable practices for the safe deployment of nanomaterials in agriculture, remediation, and other soil-related applications, ensuring the preservation of soil ecosystem health and function.
In recent years, pectinase, a vital enzyme in diverse manufacturing sectors, including: food and beverage industries, bioenergy, textile and paper industries, etc., has inspired the scientific community to delve its: sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, and sufficient production. Pectinase demand is perpetually rising, requiring effective mass production solutions. This study examines the various sources and improvements made in the recent years at large-scale pectinase production. The article highlighted various fermentation strategies, agro-wastes, and types of bioreactor technology utilized for pectinase production. Further: statistical tools, research designs and optimization approaches, immobilization techniques, and purification and molecular engineering approaches were also explored, accounting pectinase production. The current work aims to provide the valuable insights for: researchers, academicians, industry stakeholders, and regulatory bodies, in advancing sustainable and efficient large-scale production of pectinase, thus, broadening and boosting pectinase production for the targeted applications.
