Eastern Karbi Anglong College, established in 1997, is a major and general degree college situated in Sarihajan, Karbi Anglong district, Assam. This college is affiliated with the Assam University.
Functionalized layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are intriguing nanomaterials celebrated for their diverse characteristics, which stem from their remarkable electrical properties. The present chapter investigates the synergistic coupling of LDHs with quantum dots, biomass-derived carbon dots, and 3D carbon nanotube networks that contain oxygen-rich defects for exceptionally effective supercapacitor applications. The numerous technologies used to customize morphological and structural characteristics of LDHs are also addressed. Mechanistic perspectives on defect engineering and charge transfer mechanisms have been highlighted, shedding light on the fundamental principles governing the dynamics and capabilities of these nanocomposites. Additionally, the challenges and prospective consequences of functionalized LDHs for supercapacitor applications are discussed, which are expected to close knowledge gaps while setting up new pathways for LDH research.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), together with cancer, cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases, continue to be the biggest contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. The drawbacks of conventional medicines, such as low bioavailability, systemic toxicity, and ineffective targeted administration, have paved the path for the blooming of bioactive nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are now broadly utilized in the medical and health industries as an innovative treatment for various diseases, primarily NCDs, caused by rapid advancements in nanotechnology. These advanced materials offer distinct advantages, including precise targeting, controlled dispensing, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Bioactive nanomaterials (BNMs) use chemical and mechanical characteristics such as crystal structure, charge on the surface, functional groups on the surface, arrangement, and size to generate biological activity and treat illnesses. Unlike traditional nanometer pharmaceutical composing, BNMs do not rely on drug delivery and are anticipated to offer improved therapeutic outcomes. This study reviews the recent advancements, mechanisms, a thorough introduction to the usual biomedical applications involving bioactive nanoparticles and therapeutic prospects of futuristic bioactive nanoparticles in the treatment of major NCDs, as well as the accompanying challenges, technical hurdles and significant scientific issues confronting bioactive nanoparticles in disease diagnosis and therapy and forthcoming developments.
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are emerging as critical materials for advancing the green hydrogen economy due to their versatility, cost-effectiveness, and tunable catalytic properties. Their layered structure allows for compositional flexibility, enabling optimization of active sites for efficient electron transfer. The objective of this review is to comprehend the latest advancements in the production of sustainable LDHs with a particular emphasis on their potential for the efficient electrochemical water splitting process involving both seawater and freshwater, which is essential for the generation of green hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. The strategies of green hydrogen generation and its mechanism have been critically discussed in this review. An overview is provided on the concept of green hydrogen economy involving LDH-based materials. Ongoing research into the design and application of LDHs is anticipated to provide a sustainable avenue for green hydrogen by integrating high catalytic efficiency, resource optimisation, and adaptability to practical conditions such as seawater electrolysis, thus realising their complete potential in decarbonising energy systems.
Waste from industry is inexpensive and has a great capacity for storage but because of heavy metal leaching, it also significantly harms the environment. On the other side, electrolytic water splitting could be used to produce green hydrogen in a sustainable manner. The objective of this review is to critically analyze the waste-derived layered double hydroxides (LDH) production, emphasizing their utility in efficient electrochemical water splitting for generation of green hydrogen as sustainable energy. The broad idea of water electrolysis, its design methodologies are critically studied involving waste-derived LDH and waste-derived functionalized LDH, followed by a representation of current waste transformation strategies. The relationship between the framework and the effectiveness of waste-derived LDH is also discussed. This review further highlights the mechanistic pathways of electrocatalytic water splitting and also emphasizes the application of waste-derived LDH for circular economy-based sustainable development of green hydrogen. The challenges and future directions in this rapidly evolving subject are also critically discussed. It is envisaged that this critical review would offer insightful information on the design strategies and applications of waste-derived LDH electrocatalysts for the generation of green hydrogen based on circular economy.
The exceptionally efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reactions (OER) involves a sluggish four -electron transfer water splitting process that acts as a foundation for energy conversion linked with stor-age systems. Transition metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDH) have outstanding OER efficiency due of their capacity to modify the types and metal ratios in the interlamellar galleries, brucite like lay-ered structure, adjustable interlayer space and abundance of basic sites. It is possible to achieve high OER efficiency in transition metal-based LDH by tuning the divalent and trivalent metal composition, which serves as electroactive sites that result in highly efficient OER processes. Transition metal-based function-alized LDH with high OER performance is increasingly being used for developing fuel cells, super -capacitors and cutting-edge technology for implementing green hydrogen. The objective of this review is to comprehend the latest developments in transition metal-based LDH for potential high-performance OER applications. A critical discussion on OER effectiveness of transition metal-based LDH based on defect engineering, hybridization, topology and linkages between structure and functionality with theoretical idea of electron transport is presented. Furthermore, challenges and potential outcomes for transition metal-based LDH-based OER processes for eco-friendly solutions in energy conversion and storage are debated which are likely to fill the knowledge gaps and open up new avenues for LDH research.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
