Long Range (LoRa) networks have emerged as a vital solution catering to applications requiring coverage over relatively long distances in the world of Internet of Things (IoT), where connectivity and efficient data transmission are paramount. LoRa’s utilization of the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band not only underscores its cost-effectiveness but also positions it favorably against licensed technologies in terms of deployment cost. Consequently, LoRa has been used as the underlying communication technology for applications across various industrial IoT scenarios. Despite its immense promise in reshaping IoT connectivity, LoRa does have some shortcomings and challenges that the research community has yet to address to unleash its full potential. These limitations have triggered substantial attention from diverse entities, including research institutions, organizations, and industry stakeholders. This paper reviews the literature aimed at improving the capacity and scalability of LoRa networks specifically at the Medium Access Control (MAC) and data link layers. Unlike other surveys, this study focuses on these layers because they play a pivotal role in managing collision rates, which significantly impact network scalability. The paper suggests a comprehensive review of the literature, organizing it based on key limitations that could hinder the network’s ability to meet its performance objectives, including scalability, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and energy efficiency. In addition, the paper provides a summary of these research efforts and offers insight into potential directions for future research in this area.
Although corporate branding has gained substantial interest in both academic and service sectors, the airline industry literature has ignored the influence of corporate brand dimensions on passenger behavior, particularly through mediating mechanisms. To address this research gap, the present study investigates the direct effects of corporate brand dimensions on passenger satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, this study examines the mediating roles of positive passenger experience and trust in the relationships among corporate brand dimensions, passenger satisfaction, and loyalty. Data were collected by using a convenient sampling technique from 514 airline passengers at three major airports in Pakistan. The study hypotheses were tested using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS-4. The results indicate that corporate brand dimensions positively and significantly influence passenger satisfaction and loyalty. The results also revealed the positive and significant role of mediating variables in the relationship between corporate brand dimensions, passenger satisfaction, and loyalty.
As brands increasingly embed Sustainable Development Goals into their narratives, advertising faces the dual challenge of communicating brand purpose while ensuring its memorability. This study explores whether insight-triggering advertising-ads that accompany moments of phenomenological realization ('Aha!')-can enhance recall of SDG-aligned brand purposes, and how this effect varies based on individual reward responsiveness (IRR). Using a controlled experimental design (N = 171), participants engaged in either insight-based or step-by-step problem-solving tasks, followed by incidental exposure to brand purpose messages. While insight alone did not increase recall, its effectiveness was moderated by IRR: high IRR individuals recalled more after insight moments, whereas low IRR individuals benefited from step-by-step problemsolving. These findings highlight the strategic value of aligning advertising execution with consumer motivational traits, offering advertisers a novel, evidence-based framework for optimizing purpose-driven messages. Insight moments, when targeted effectively, may serve as powerful memory anchors in sustainability advertising.
Multiphase compounds exhibiting a prominent orthorhombic V2O5 structure have been developed using the empirical formula V2−xNi2xSbxO5−δ (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.08). Microstructure and surface chemistry analyses confirm that the incorporation of Ni and Sb in the V2O5 matrix results in the formation of new phases corresponding to the foreign cations. Raman analysis shows the excitation of 12 active phonon modes with Ґ-Raman = 6Ag + 2B1g + 2B2g +1B3g + 1, with 11 vibrational modes specifically characterizing the α-polymorphic form of orthorhombic V2O5. The photoluminescence spectrum near-band edge blue-green emissions is accompanied by broad peaks at 541 nm and 564 nm. The decrease in PL intensity with the increasing phase composition of SbVO4 and NiV2O6 indicates improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers, which suppresses electron–hole recombination and facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species. The synthesized materials exhibit strong, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both fungal and bacterial strains. The inhibition zone diameters increase with molar fraction (x), reaching maximum values for Aspergillus niger (25 mm), Penicillium sp. (19 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20 mm), and Escherichia coli (15 mm).
The study aimed to develop an Aprepitant (APT)-loaded controlled-release solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLN) using a precipitation method with chitosan and thiolated chitosan (TC) to enhance drug solubility and mucoadhesion. The optimized SLN formulation (APT-TCF4) showed a particle size of 87.28 +/- 0.43 nm, a zeta potential of +13.8 +/- 0.54, encapsulation efficiency of 93.92 +/- 0.87%, and 71.25 +/- 0.64% solubility of APT in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed nanosized, amorphous spherical particles and FTIR analysis confirmed good compatibility between APT and the polymers (chitosan and TC) while, physicochemical evaluation indicated no drug-polymer interactions. In vitro drug release study demonstrated that APT-TCF4 exhibited controlled drug release (84.56 +/- 0.46%) over 12 h in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), following the Higuchi release model. Additionally, APT-TCF4 showed a 26-fold increase in mucoadhesion compared to APT alone and an 11-fold increase compared to APT-CF4. SLN containing TC demonstrated prolonged residence time at intestinal mucosa and reduced toxicity to Caco-2 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in APT bioavailability due to controlled swelling, increased residence time, sustained release and paracellular transportation across the intestine. Conclusively, APT-TCF4 represents an oral drug delivery system utilizing TC to improve bioavailability and enhance mucoadhesion making it promising approach for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
