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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related death. Resveratrol (RES), despite its promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, suffers from poor solubility, low bioavailability, and limited tumor accumulation. Accordingly, eight RES-loaded bilosomes were prepared and characterized. Optimization was performed using a desirability study based on the observed colloidal properties. The selected formulation was radiolabeled with iodine-131 and assessed for radiolabeling efficiency and stability. In-vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against HT- 29 and LS174T CRC cell lines. Biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing mice were also assessed. Bilosomes displayed PS (93.08 to 340.00 nm), negative charges (-27.50 to -51.80 mV), EE
This study presents an innovative method for extracting sodium carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (Na-CMC NPs) from the lignocellulosic biomass of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The process consists of two major stages: cellulose extraction and Na-CMC synthesis, followed by nanoparticle precipitation. Structural analysis confirmed the success of the extraction process, with X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealing a semi-crystalline structure with a high degree of crystallinity (81 ± 1)
This study investigates the unconventional effects of gamma irradiation and/or metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on Raphanus sativus. Silver chromate/aluminum-based MOFs were applied to both irradiated and non-irradiated R. sativus seeds. The evaluation was based on physiological characteristics—including phenotypic measurements and the content of ascorbic acid and total phenols—alongside genetic variation analysis using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. Improved growth parameters, including shoot height, root length, leaves number, and leaf area, were observed in the Al-MOF, Ag2CrO4/Al-MOF, and/or irradiation treatments. Notably, at 9 days after spray (DAS), plants from irradiated seeds and those treated with Ag2CrO4/Al-MOF exhibited enhanced phenotypic development (four leaves) compared to non-irradiated controls with noticeable, varying changes in leaf area. Conversely, chlorophyll content was not significantly affected. Furthermore, all treatments led to a significant increase in ascorbic acid and total phenol content relative to the control. By the conclusion of the experiment, MOFs perform effectively in conjunction with gamma irradiation (10 Gy) synergistically to enhance R. sativus features. Genetic analysis via SCoT revealed that MOFs in conjunction with gamma irradiation induced DNA variations. Specifically, when irradiation accompanied by Ag2CrO4/Al-MOF resulted in six negative unique markers, leading to genetic variants and instability relative to the control. These SCoT results remain complex and warrant further investigation. These findings promote the application of MOF products alongside irradiation in agriculture to optimize resource use. However, further research is required, particularly regarding the long-term effects of Al3+-MOFs.
Despite the prevalence of various infectious and pandemic diseases worldwide, cancer remains the leading cause of death. Clinical approaches for treating cancer vary depending on the tumor type and aggressiveness, including surgery, chemo-, radio-, immune- and hormone therapies. However, the efficacy of these treatments is hindered by the high mortality rate during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, primarily due to severe side effects.This experimental study was conducted on 40 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=8). A metronomic treatment strategy was employed using intraperitoneal administration of a small dose of capecitabine loaded onto silica nanoparticles (Cap@SNPs) (377mg/kg) once weekly for a month, either singly or in combination with a low dose of gamma ionizing radiation (IR) (0.5 Gy/5 days) over six sessions, against a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinoma model in SD rats. The antitumor effect of Cap@SNPs and/or γ-radiation was assessed by tumor volume measurements, survival analysis, biochemical and haematological parameters and gene expression profiling of selected apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Cell cycle phase distribution, apoptotic cells (Annexin V) and the expression of some immunomodulatory proteins were analyzed by flow cytometry. Histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H E) staining. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) proteins in mammary tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The initial tumor volume across all groups was 32.8 ± 1.8 mm3, reaching 86 ± 1.9 mm3 in the positive control at Day 30 but only 5.3 ± 0.5 mm3 in the Cap@SNPs + IR group. The death rate decreased from 75
Nattokinase (NK), a protease enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis, has various biological effects such as lipid-lowering activity, antihypertensive, antiplatelet/anticoagulant, and neuroprotective effects. Exposure to environmental toxicants such as bisphenol A (BPA) or γ-radiation (IR) causes multi-organ toxicity through several mechanisms such as impairment of oxidative status, signaling pathways, and hepatic and neuronal functions as well as disruption of the inflammatory responses. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of NK against BPA- or IR-induced liver and brain damage in rats. Serum ammonia level and liver function tests were measured in addition to brain oxidative stress markers, amyloid-beta, tau protein, and neuroinflammatory mediators. Moreover, relative quantification of brain nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes, as well as apoptotic markers in brain tissue, was carried out in addition to histopathological examination. The results showed that NK improved liver functions, impaired oxidative status, the cholinergic deficits, and minified the misfolded proteins aggregates. Furthermore, NK alleviated the neuroinflammation via modulating NF-κB/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and glial cell activation in addition to their antiapoptotic effect. Collectively, the current results revealed the protective effect of NK against hepatic and neurotoxicity derived from BPA or IR.
