Background: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystem, autoimmune disease, beginning before the age of 18 that may affect any organ system. The aim of the study was to assess the role of spirometery in detection of pulmonary involvement in children with lupus nephritis and to correlate spirometric parameters with degree of renal affection. Patient and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Nephrology unite at Zagazig University Hospital on 24 cases that diagnosed SLE patients during the period from Oct 2019- Mar 2020. Patients in the study had subjected to complete history taking, Laboratory investigations included hematological and examination of urine, kidney function test, Chest X-ray, ultrasonography of chest and Renal Biobsy, pulmonary function test, SLED score. Results: Restrictive lung disease was prevalent in 54.2% of patients, mean value of FEV1 was (86.208 ± 23.268), forced vital capacity was (79.321± 23.79), FEV1/FVC was (108.14±11.731), MEF75 was (88.404±19.703). MEF50 was (93.358±25.616). MEF25 was (107.808±47.54), PEF was (84.4± 18.865) there was statistically significant negative correlation between systemic lupus erythematous Disease score and Forced expiratory Volume in 1 sec, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 25% FVC There is statistically significant negative correlation between grades of nephropathy by renal biopsy and forced expiratory flow at 25% FVC. Conclusion: Present study showed that pulmonary diseases occur frequently in childhood onset Systemic lupus erythematosus. Serial PFT studies may be useful in assessing the presence of lung involvement in childhood onset SLE and monitoring of course and activity of the disease
Objectives: We aimed to identify breast cancer patients’ overall survival after conservative surgery or modified radical mastectomy.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery or modified radical mastectomy between 2012 and 2019. We performed Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0.Results: Of the 70 women treated for breast cancer, 29 women aged ≥50, and 22 women had a tumor size of ≥20. Negative lymph node involvement was noted in 54 women (77.1%) and multifocality in 33 women (47.1%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was reported in about one-third of the included women, and the commonest histological type was ductal (87.1%). Positive estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors were reported in 84%, 70%, and 6%, respectively. Seven patients had a local relapse; six of them had it in the first 24 months. The mean recurrence-free survival was 47.06 months. The Cox regression analysis showed that histological grade
The-66 Ma Deccan flood basalt province is one of the largest in the World. Here, we present mineral chemistry, bulk-rock geochemistry and Nd-Sr isotopes in the-1000 m thick basalt lava sequence extracted from the deep bore-hole well-cores KBH-8 and KBH-7 from the main Deccan Plateau in the southwestern Deccan Volcanic Province. On the basis of trace and rare earth element systematics, we have statistically grouped the accumulated lava into fifteen Eruptive Phases (EPs). The basalts show extreme variation in their initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7038-0.7166) and epsilon Nd (+5.9 to-12.1) isotopic compositions consistent with the involvement of depleted and enriched mantle sources in their genesis. The lavas sourced from the enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle has been categorized as EP4-type, and EP11-type represents the isotopically depleted lavas derived from a plume asthenospheric source. The remaining EPs resulted from mixing of the components from these two endmembers in some proportion. This essentially reflects upon source contamination rather than crustal assimilation enroute to eruption or emplacement. The unique geochemical and isotopic fingerprint of EP4 and EP11 is traceable in the Phanerozoic LIPs, as well. Therefore, they potentially qualify as "geochemical benchmarks". The systematic "pinch and swell" pattern observed in the trace element and isotopic compositions throughout the depth profile cannot be reconciled with continuous outpouring of lava. Instead, the EPs erupted in discreet batches in a quick span of time from a periodically replenished tapped fractionated magma chamber fed by a mantle plume at the asthenosphere-lithosphere interface. The results of this study enunciate the critical role of subcontinental lith-ospheric mantle in the evolution of a continental flood basalt province, irrespective of space and time.
Surface bio-optical constituents (Chl-a, light-absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (aph (443)), detritus (ad(443)), coloured dissolved organic matter (aCDOM(443))), and hydrographic variables were studied across the fronts along 57.5 degrees E during 2011, 2013 and 2015 in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean to understand their interannual variability and phytoplankton pigment package effect. Latitudinal increases of Chl-a, aph(443), and aCDOM(443) were observed in 2011 and 2013. Mean Chl-a was higher in 2013 than in 2015 and 2011. The Chl-a specific absorption (a*ph(443)) latitudinally decreased implying 'pigment package effect' with increasing latitude. Interannually increase of aph blue (443)/red (675) ratio suggested higher non-photosynthetic absorption during 2013 and 2015 than in 2011. The relative contributions of bio-optical constituents to total absorption (at) showed interannual decrease in aph(443) and increase in aCDOM(443) and ad(443) inferring phytoplankton growth and decay phases. The robust aph(443)-Chl-a relationship during 2011 was used to derive aph(443) for other years, which holds good for in situ and satellite-derived counterparts. aCDOM(443) positively correlated with Chl-a and negatively with CDOM-spectral slope (S300-500), suggesting autochthonous sources. Satellite-retrieved Chl-a, aph(443) showed significant correlation (p < 0.001) with in situ data. This study provides baseline biooptical data for understanding phytoplankton size-class, and improvement of bio-optical algorithms in this relatively inaccessible polar region.
In the Southern Ocean (SO) marine ecosystem, the interplay between CO2 sink and climate change is closely linked to the shifting plankton communities, leading to potentially wide-ranging biogeochemical effects. Within the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (ISSO), the phytoplankton community was predominantly composed of Fragilariopsis spp., followed by Chaetoceros sp., while the zooplankton consisted mainly of Pleuromamma spp. and Oithona similis. Plankton diversity is collectively influenced by variables such as temperature, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), and macronutrient availability. During the austral summer of 2019, significant latitudinal variations in phytoplankton were observed at major fronts in the region, including the Subtropical Front (STF), Sub Antarctic Front (SAF), Polar Front (PF), and South of Polar Front (SPF). At the STF, flagellates dominated (87%), while their presence decreased to 12% at the SPF, while diatoms progressively increased from the STF (<1%) to the SPF (87%) through the SAF and PF. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations at the surface were highest in the PF (0.62 mg m-3), followed by the SPF (0.56 mg m-3), SAF (0.51 mg m-3), and STF (0.28 mg m-3). The integrated Chl-a values across the water column were higher at the SPF (21.49 mg m-2) than at the STF (14.73 mg m-2). The dominant diatom species at the surface along the fronts, except for STF, was Fragilariopsis spp. (-5 x 105 Cells L-1), followed by Chaetoceros sp. (-1 x 105 Cells L-1), and Coscinodiscus sp. (-5 x 104 Cells L-1). Conversely, at the STF, the most abundant flagellate species were Gyrodinium spp. (-2.4 x 104 Cells L-1), followed by Protoperidinium sp. (-2 x 104 Cells L-1), and Amphidinium sp. (-1 x 104 Cells L-1). Zooplankton biovolume in the upper 200 m ranged from 0.71 to 10 ml 100 m-3, with relatively higher biovolume and numerical abundance found in the SAF compared to the PF. The higher Chl-a concentration in the PF and lower zooplankton biovolume could have significant negative consequences for higher trophic levels. PAR showed higher values up to 40 m than observed depths along the fronts. Additionally, variations in salinity and temperature were recorded, with a significant decline in temperature from the STF to the SPF. Nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-), and silicate (SiO44-) concentrations were higher at the SPF than at lower latitudes. Overall, these findings indicate that the plankton community composition in the study region is influenced by a diverse set of governing variables over time, highlighting the significant implications for the regional biogeochemical cycle.
