Federal University of Amapá

With the intensification of fish cultivation, also increased threat of parasitic diseases to fish health, growth, production, and productivity. This has had huge negative impacts and necessitate alternative therapeutics for the control and treatment of diseases. Medicinal plants have been integral to human life, utilized as a natural source of bioactive compounds for use in veterinary and human medicine. These plants produce diverse chemical compounds, such as alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and essential oils, which have been used in fish aquaculture. Thus, the present study aimed to synthesize papers published within the last eight years on the efficacy of different extracts, essential oils, and bioactive compounds derived from medicinal plants, as well as their potential modes of action on fish parasites, with an emphasis on fish parasitic monopisthocotylans and polyopisthocotylans (formerly monogeneans). Data on phytotherapeutic products, phytochemicals, targeted parasites, and in vitro and in vivo experiment outcomes were extracted from the literature and summarized. Additionally, the mechanisms by which these phytotherapics act on parasites were shown and discussed. The bioactivity of essential oils and crude herbal extracts in controlling and eliminating parasites is directly linked to the action of their major components, which demonstrate parasiticidal and anti-monopisthocotylans and polyopisthocotylans activity, even when isolated. This provides a wide range of options. Phytotherapeutic agents are an alternative to chemotherapeutic agents because they pose no risk of acute or chronic toxicity to host fish, nor do they contaminate handlers. They also do not cause parasitic resistance and are environmentally friendly. Therefore, they are recommended for use in management strategies to control and treat parasite infections in fish aquaculture due to their anthelmintic and parasiticide properties. Lastly, although the economic and aquaculture viability of phytotherapeutic agents is unknown, the environmental benefits are evident compared to the widespread use of chemotherapeutics.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as variantes lexicais referentes à carta L79-Amanhecer, pertencente ao banco de dados do Atlas Linguístico do Amapá (ALAP). A pesquisa está fundamentada nos princípios da Geolinguística Pluridimensional, que busca evidenciar as variantes, considerando o aspecto espacial e sociocultural de seus falantes (Cardoso, 2010). O corpus metodológico utilizado faz parte do Projeto ALAP, que contou com 40 informantes distribuídos em dez localidades do estado do Amapá (1-Macapá, 2-Santana, 3-Mazagão, 4-Laranjal do Jari, 5-Pedra Branca do Amapari, 6-Porto Grande, 7-Tartarugalzinho, 8-Amapá, 9-Calçoene e 10-Oiapoque). Em cada ponto de inquérito, foram entrevistados um homem e uma mulher da primeira geração (18 a 30 anos) e um homem e uma mulher da segunda geração (50 a 75 anos). Em relação à cartografia linguística, a carta com as denominações para amanhecer foi elaborada pelos autores desta pesquisa por meio do software de design gráfico Inkscape. Os resultados obtidos foram representados com base na distribuição percentual das ocorrências de cada variante. Assim, observou-se a seguinte frequência: amanhecer (54,36%), raiar o dia (13,04%), dia clareando (13,04%), manhã (6,52%), nascer do sol (4,35%), aurora (2,17%), dia (2,17%) e sem resposta (4,35%).

In this work we propose a new natural hybrid of Catasetum, member of the subgenus Catasetum. More precisely it belongs to the section Isoceras, subsection Convergentes, since it has symmetrical and convergent antennae like it is observed in its two parents (C. sophiae and C. rivularium). It has been found in an igapó vegetation on the banks of the Puduari River, in the central Brazilian Amazon. We give a detailed description of the taxon as well as a photographic plate and comments on its distribution, habitat and phenology. It is compared to its parents, two sympatric species. Moreover, we propose an identification key to the species and nothospecies with symmetrical and convergent antennae found in Brazilian Amazon

Dynapenia, the age-related decline in muscle strength and physical performance, is driven by mechanisms including oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of catabolic pathways. Bioactive compounds from Bixa orellana L. (annatto), particularly geranylgeraniol and δ-tocotrienol, may counteract these processes through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic actions. This study evaluated whether two annatto-derived formulations, Chronic® and Chronic In®, attenuate dexamethasone-induced dynapenia-like dysfunction in male Wistar rats. Animals were assigned to testosterone, Chronic In®, oral Chronic®, distilled water, injectable vehicle, or healthy normal groups. Dynapenia-like impairment was induced by oral dexamethasone (8 mg/kg/day for 7 days), while treatments were administered for 25 days. Motor coordination, strength, and endurance were assessed using weight-holding, inverted screen, rotarod, and forced-swim tests. Gastrocnemius histology and serum biochemical markers were also evaluated. The oil presented a δ-tocotrienol content of 0.725 ± 0.062 mg/mL, and the nanoformulation remained physically stable for 30 days, with particle sizes of 53.15 ± 0.64 nm at day 0 and 59.90 ± 3.63 nm at day 30. Dexamethasone markedly reduced performance in untreated controls, whereas Chronic® and Chronic In® attenuated functional decline, preserved gastrocnemius microarchitecture, and improved hepatic and lipid biochemical profiles relative to the water-treated group. These findings suggest that annatto-derived geranylgeraniol- and δ-tocotrienol-rich formulations exert protective effects in a glucocorticoid-induced model of dynapenia-like muscle dysfunction. Further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted.

O presente artigo analisa a violência obstétrica como fenômeno jurídico e social estrutural, compreendendo-a como violação de direitos fundamentais e da dignidade da pessoa humana, com especial enfoque na responsabilização penal e em seus impactos jurídicos e sociais no Estado do Amapá. A pesquisa parte do problema relacionado à ausência ou insuficiência de respostas penais eficazes frente a práticas institucionalizadas de violência no contexto da assistência obstétrica, investigando de que modo essa lacuna contribui para a naturalização das violações e para a fragilização da tutela jurídica das mulheres. O objetivo geral consiste em examinar os limites normativos e as controvérsias jurídicas da responsabilização penal da violência obstétrica, bem como os efeitos decorrentes de sua não efetivação, especialmente em contextos regionais marcados por desigualdades institucionais. Metodologicamente, adota-se abordagem qualitativa, de caráter teórico-analítico e jurídico-crítico, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, abrangendo produções acadêmicas, legislação estadual e documentos institucionais. Os resultados indicam que a inexistência de tipificação penal específica e a fragmentação das respostas normativas comprometem a função simbólica, preventiva e pedagógica do Direito Penal, reforçando a impunidade, o silenciamento das vítimas e a reprodução de práticas abusivas. Conclui-se que a não responsabilização penal da violência obstétrica não constitui um vazio neutro, mas um fator ativo na manutenção da violência institucional, evidenciando a necessidade de articulação entre reconhecimento normativo, atuação institucional efetiva e responsabilização penal proporcional à gravidade das condutas praticadas.