Foundation for Research, Science and Technology

Pool boiling is extremely effective in dissipating high heat flux at relatively low surface superheat temperatures, making it a key focus in two-phase heat transfer research and valuable for numerous thermal management applications. In the current research, the pool boiling heat transfer performance of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) porous coated surface was investigated in deionized water at saturated and atmospheric pressure state. A two-step electrochemical deposition method involving high current density for a short period (coating phase) and low current density for longer period (bonding strength phase) was used to obtain the MWCNTs porous coating. The different wettability characteristics of the surface were prepared by varying the current density to explore the surface wettability effect on boiling performance. The MWCNTs surface showed a prior onset of nucleate boiling with a maximum reduction of 37.58

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from various fermented sources, including milk, curd, palm wine, and lassi, to identify potential probiotic candidates. A total of 80 samples were collected and initially analysed using conventional microbiological techniques, such as Gram staining, catalase testing, endospore formation, and motility assays. After cultivation on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar, 35 isolates were identified as LAB based on their colony morphology and biochemical characteristics. These isolates underwent a series of probiotic assessments, including their ability to withstand low pH, bile, sodium chloride (NaCl), phenol, and pancreatin enzyme, simulating gastrointestinal conditions. Of the 35 isolates, 16 strains passed these rigorous evaluations, with strain 2018 showing remarkable potential. Further analysis of strain 2018, classified as Enterococcus faecium, revealed it to be gram-positive, cocci-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming, and catalase-negative. It demonstrated strong survival capabilities under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, with notable auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity against apolar hydrocarbons. Safety evaluations confirmed its non-hemolytic and Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) negative characteristics. Importantly, strain 2018 exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among the isolates. These findings highlight the potential of LAB strains, particularly strain 2018, for human health applications, given their robust probiotic properties, safety profiles, and bioactive compound production.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) require efficient routing protocols to ensure reliable communication in highly dynamic environments. This paper proposes a hybrid routing protocol that integrates Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms to determine optimal communication path between vehicles. The hybrid PSO-GWO approach combines the rapid convergence ability of PSO with the superior exploration and exploitation characteristics of GWO, leads to optimum route selection. The proposed model involves multiple performance metrics such as Round Trip Time (RTT), hop count, and path loss in the fitness function evaluation to enhance route selection decisions. Simulation results demonstrate that the hybrid PSO-GWO algorithm achieves a 12.3

This work explores the Oldroyd 8-constant fluid flow model accompanied by the thermal radiation in a pore environment on wire coating analysis. Varying viscosity and thermal conductivity are taken for investigating a steady electrically conducting flow with magnetic force and energy generation. The die coating is under a porous environment. Current fluid phenomena are modeled, and a comparison of Reynolds and Vogel’s variable viscosity models is studied. Novelty is comparative study incorporating variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, Brinkman number, and radiation simultaneously in wire coating. Therefore, the governing equations for the current model are changed to differential equations that are not linear with dimensionless variables. These mathematical equations are numerically solved by transformation to nonlinear ODE’s solved numerically using BVP4C. The impact of various characteristics affecting velocity and temperature distributions is depicted graphically, including the dilatant constant, the magnetic field parameter, the porosity parameter, the pseudoplastic constant, variable thermal conductivity parameter, Brinkman number, and thermal radiation parameter. The results indicate that, in both Reynolds model and Vogel’s model, the thermal field shows opposite trends as the thermal radiation parameter grows. Nusselt number increases in the Reynolds model for enhanced values of thermal radiation. This study finds a crucial role in ensuring the performance, reliability, and safety of wires and cables in various industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, telecommunications, and power distribution.