The Generalitat Valenciana[a] is the generic name covering the different self-government institutions under which the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia is politically organized.It consists of seven institutions including the Corts Valencianes (or autonomous Parliament), the President of the Generalitat, or the autonomous government itself (or Consell). Its functions are regulated by the Valencian Statute of Autonomy. Despite being also present in various cities of the Valencian Community, the main locations of the autonomous Parliament, presidency of the Generalitat and the Consell are all in the city of Valencia. There is also an office in Brussels appointed by the Generalitat Valenciana lobbying before the European Union.
This study had a triple objective: (1) to design and validate the Altruism and Empathy Test (AET) for Primary Education, aimed at students under 10 years old, thereby addressing the lack of self-report questionnaires on altruism and empathy adapted to these ages and contexts; (2) to analyze the relationship between empathy and altruistic behavior; and (3) to examine gender differences in these variables. For validation, both scales were administered to a sample of 183 Primary Education students (41% girls), aged between 6 and 8 years. Reliability analyses indicated high coefficients for both scales, and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a unifactorial structure in the altruism scale, while the empathy scale showed a bifactorial structure: empathic stress and empathic joy. In conclusion, this study has developed an assessment tool to measure empathy (with two emotional components, one positive and one negative) and altruism in different contexts. In practical terms, the findings suggest that fostering empathy and altruistic prosocial behavior can improve coop-eration and mutual support among students, with significant implications for social coexistence at early ages.
Limonium irtaense is an endangered halophyte endemic to coastal Castellón (Spain). This study aimed to support its conservation by assessing the effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling performance, as well as plants’ physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress during early vegetative growth. Seed germination was tested in the presence of 0 to 300 mM NaCl, followed by recovery assays for non-germinated seeds. Seedlings were grown under three salinity levels, by irrigation with water (control), 300 mM NaCl or 600 mM NaCl. Growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, ion contents, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant compounds were determined in plants derived from the initial germination tests and the recovery of germination assays and subjected to the different salt treatments. Germination was highest in distilled water and declined with increasing salinity; however, salt-inhibited seeds germinated rapidly and efficiently in the recovery assays. Seedlings from salt-primed seeds showed higher survival rates and biomass than those from control germination tests. Salt treatments significantly reduced growth, with plants derived from salt-treated seeds generally showing higher tolerance, probably because of enhanced proline accumulation, more efficient transport and sequestration of toxic ions in leaf vacuoles, and potassium retention. These findings provide insights into L. irtaense adaptation mechanisms and support using salt-priming to improve conservation and translocation efforts for this endangered species.
In this paper we study the dynamics of Halley's and Traub's root-finding algorithms applied to a symmetric family of polynomials of degree d+1≥ 3. We discuss the (un)boundedness and simple connectivity of the immediate basins of attraction of the fixed points associated to the roots of the polynomials. In particular, we show the existence of polynomials for which the immediate basin of attraction of a root is bounded under Halley's method
ABSTRACT Global semi‐arid regions act as critical sentinels of the climate crisis, where water variability determines the resilience of ecosystems and societies. In the Caatinga biome, precipitation governance has been historically attributed to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon; however, this study challenges this paradigm by demonstrating that the Atlantic Ocean exerts a statistically dominant influence on regional water vulnerability modulation. Using high‐resolution CHIRPS data processed via Google Earth Engine and a robust statistical approach with the Seasonal ARX/HAC model, we regionalised the biome into six distinct rainfall districts to isolate oceanic signals. The results reveal a climatic hierarchy where the Atlantic Interhemispheric Variability (PC2) controls drought thresholds more intensely than ENSO (PC1). Quantitatively, PC2 explained a precipitation deficit up to 77% higher than PC1 in the northern districts, acting as the primary driver for the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) positioning.
