Artificial Intelligence (AI) in literary studies has disrupted traditional schools of thought regarding textual analysis, interpretation, and criticism. This research establishes a framework that is AI-powered: the Literary Interpretative Neural Algorithm (LINA), which shows promise for the analysis of complex linguistic patterns, thematic structures, and stylistic elements in teaching and learning language. With its hybrid approach integrating Natural Language Processing (NLP), transformer-based deep learning models, and sentiment analysis, LINA assesses literary texts ranging across historical and contemporary genres. Contrasting the conventional methods of literary analysis often judged through the lens of subjective interpretation, LINA enables data-driven, unbiased analyses of themes, character development, and intertextual relationships. The research further examines the capability of AI to reveal those aspects that have remained obscure: to establish hidden patterns, authorial intent, and the evolution of genre over aeons. The effectiveness of the model is validated in contrast to a heterogeneous corpus of literary works, including insights derived from the proposed model against traditional critical methods. This study concludes by emphasizing that AI-enhanced literary analysis could serve to advance academic discourse, automate the tasks of literary classification, and provide additional layers for text interpretation. Contributions will lie at the interaction between AI and humanities in translation and publications, stressing the need for interdisciplinary approaches in the digital age. Future work will characterize refined AI approaches for deeper semantic understanding and ethical issues in automated literary criticism.
According to Siddha pathology fever is classified as 64 types based on origin. Astabhairava Mathirai (ABM) is a Siddha metallo-mineral formulation traditionally used to treat 64 types of fever. Despite its historical significance, scientific validation of its safety is crucial for its acceptance in modern medicine. This study aims to assess the quality parameters of Asta bhairava mathirai based on PLIM Guidelines. The Astabhairava Mathirai was subjected to physiochemical analysis, Biochemical analysis, HPTLC and safety analysis like aflatoxin, pesticide residue, Microbial contamination, and heavy metals. The physicochemical analysis showed total ash (6.76%), acid-insoluble ash (1.14 %), pH (3.23), friability (0.020%), Water Extractive (26.95%), Alcohol Extractive (32.84%), hardness (1.0 kg/cm2), disintegration time (45 minutes). The biochemical analysis showed the presence of sulphide, sodium, iron, calcium, reducing sugar, and alkaloid. The safety studies viz., aflatoxin, pesticide residue, microbial contamination and heavy metals analysis revealed that the test drug ABM is within the AYUSH permissible limits. The HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 10 versatile phytochemical. Thus, the study reveals that the Astabhairava Mathirai has significant quality and safety. Consequently, these parameters can serve in the study of Astabhairava Mathirai as an important Siddha medicinal preparation among the scientific forum.
Background: Krishnappiragam (Black Mica/Biotite) is a key mineral in Siddha medicine, requiring purification to enhance its therapeutic properties and eliminate toxins. Aim: This study compares the physicochemical, biochemical, and structural properties of unpurified (A1) and purified (A2, A3) Krishnappiragam using advanced techniques like FTIR, ICP-OES, XRD, and NMR. Methods: Krishnappiragam was purified using two traditional Siddha methods and analysed for organoleptic, physicochemical, and biochemical properties. FTIR identified functional groups, ICP-OES assessed heavy metal content, XRD analysed crystallinity, and NMR evaluated molecular structure and particle size. Results: Organoleptic analysis showed variations in colour and texture. Physicochemical analysis revealed differences in ash values, moisture content, and extractive values, with A3 showing the highest water-soluble extractive. Biochemical analysis confirmed changes in mineral composition post-purification. FTIR detected functional groups related to amines, alkanes, and carboxylic acids. XRD indicated enhanced crystallinity in A3, while NMR revealed A2 had the smallest and most uniform particle size. However, ICP-OES detected toxic heavy metals, including aluminium, nickel, and mercury, exceeding WHO and FDA limits. Conclusion: Purification alters Krishnappiragam’s chemical and structural properties, improving crystallinity and refining composition. However, high heavy metal concentrations raise safety concerns, highlighting the need for improved purification techniques. Future research should focus on optimising purification protocols and quality control to minimise toxicity while maintaining medicinal efficacy. Major Findings: Purification of Krishnappiragam significantly enhances its crystallinity and biochemical composition, with A3 exhibiting the highest water-soluble extractive and A2 showing the smallest, most uniform particle size. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals exceeding WHO and FDA limits raises safety concerns, emphasising the need for improved purification techniques to ensure medicinal safety.
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer ( Karpa Vippuruthi) , a significant global health burden, affects women in low- and middle-income countries. Human papillomavirus infection can disrupt normal cell growth control mechanisms. While advancements in conventional treatments exist, the need for novel therapeutic options with minimal side effects remains crucial. Siddha medicine, a traditional Indian medical system, offers promising avenues for cancer management. This study examines the anti-proliferative effects of the Kalingathi Kadugu (KK), a Siddha herbo-mineral formulation, on HeLa cells (a human cervical cancer cell line) through the MTT assay. Materials and Methods: KK was prepared following the Siddha text Agathiyar Vaithya Vallathi 600 (AVV 600) with proper purification methods. The MTT assay was conducted on HeLa cells exposed to different concentrations of KK (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) for 24 h. Cell viability and IC50 value were determined. Results: KK exhibited notable cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells with 33.76% cell viability at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The calculated IC50 value was 41.59 µg/mmL, highlighting its potential as an effective anti-proliferative agent compared to both natural compounds and conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Discussion: The observed anticancer effect of KK could be attributed to the synergistic action of its multiple bioactive compounds. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of tannins and tri-terpenoids as potentially responsible components. The lower IC50 value of the KK compared to other reported natural products suggests its potential for further exploration. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the promising in vitro anti-cervical cancer activity of KK. The potential of KK as a complementary or alternative therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer warrants further investigation. Additional research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms of action, evaluate the in vivo effectiveness, and ensure the safety for clinical use.
Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the chest wall is a rare and late complication which occurs in about 1%–7% of individuals undergoing radiation after breast cancer surgery. Management of the condition has to be customized according to the individual patient concerns as there are no established guidelines. Surgical debridement of the nonviable skin, soft tissue, cartilage and bone followed by coverage of the defect with well-vascularized muscle offers pain relief and wound cover. In this report, a case of ORN of the right chest wall which was managed successfully is presented. An elderly female came with complaints of chronic nonhealing wound in the right chest wall for the last 6 months. She had undergone oncological management (Surgery + Chemo and radiation) of the right breast cancer 14 years ago and since then had an uneventful life. She had developed blisters and watery discharge followed by skin breakdown and ulceration for the last 6 months. The diagnosis of ORN was confirmed with a biopsy of the lesion and computed tomography scan of the chest. After cardiac and anesthesia assessments were completed, she was taken for surgery under general anesthesia. Wide excision of the lesion was done followed by coverage of the defect by mobilization of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap from the left side. Although contralateral and ipsilateral latissimus dorsi muscle use for chest wall reconstruction are reported in the literature, use of contralateral pectoralis major muscle is not yet reported and the authors infer that contralateral pectoralis major muscle and myocutaneous flaps offer an alternate option in addition to latissimus dorsi muscle or myocutaneous flaps in selected cases.
