Government College of Technology (or GCT), Multan, Punjab, Pakistanwas formerly known as Government Polytechnic Institute. The institute was established in 1965 and upgraded to Government College of Technology in 1981-82.GCT is covered 60 acres (240,000 m2) area. It is located in Qasim Pur Colony, Bahawalpur road, Multan.Due to the road broadness, its main gate has been shifted to backside and the name of college written for years on it now has been disappeared.This college offers 3-year Diploma of Associate Engineers courses in:.
The escalating generation of electronic waste and invasive Prosopis juliflora biomass highlights the need for sustainable resource recovery within a circular bioeconomy framework. This study reports the green synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (gCuO) through a two-step bio-hydrometallurgical process employing P. juliflora extract as a biogenic reducing and stabilizing agent. The resulting gCuO exhibited high crystallinity, a narrow indirect band gap, and average crystallite sizes of 15-25 nm. The adsorption performance of gCuO toward emerging pharmaceutical contaminants-diclofenac (DCF), bisphenol-A (BPA), and carbamazepine (CBZ)-was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models, both showing high predictive accuracy. The optimized system achieved superior adsorption efficiencies and demonstrated excellent regeneration potential over multiple cycles. A Cradle-to-Gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) revealed notable sustainability advantages, with reductions of 38.8 % in global warming potential and 41.7 % in cumulative energy demand compared with conventional synthesis routes. This work establishes an integrated and scalable strategy coupling e-waste valorization with green nanotechnology for wastewater remediation, directly contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals 6, 12, and 13.
This review analyzes the evolution of biodegradable polymer cardiovascular stents by integrating material properties, geometric parameters, degradation kinetics and clinical performance. Conventional aliphatic polyesters such as poly(L-lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) are evaluated for tensile strength, degradation by-products and compatibility with strut miniaturization. The analysis emphasizes the role of polymer strength in maintaining radial integrity, influence of degradation kinetics on vascular healing and the impact of strut geometry on flow dynamics and thrombosis risk. Early generation scaffolds such as the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold demonstrated clear limitations linked to thick struts and delayed degradation. Newer systems including MeRes100, XINSORB, Firesorb and Fantom Encore show the advantages achieved through optimized polymer processing. These systems use 100 μm geometries that support resorption within 24-36 months and deliver improved outcomes. To overcome the brittleness, acidic degradation and prolonged persistence of conventional polyesters, the emerging smart polymers such as zwitterionic polyurethanes, poly(urethane-urea) elastomers, 4D-printed auxetic polycaprolactone lattices and citrate-based networks are introduced for their adaptive mechanics, hemocompatibility and tunable degradation. The review further outlines translational challenges related to manufacturability, degradation control and cost that currently limit large-scale clinical adoption. Overall, this review delivers a comprehensive comparison of established and experimental systems with clear emphasis on the interdependence of polymer mechanics, degradation kinetics and geometry. It also highlights emerging strategies that could enable safe, adaptive and clinically durable biodegradable scaffold.
This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of hybrid epoxy composites reinforced with sisal fiber, jute fabric, and novel bio-fillers—Cashew nutshell dust (CNSD), kapok filler (KF), and wood sawdust (WSD)—using compression molding. The influence of these fillers on the mechanical, tribological, and physical properties of the composites was systematically evaluated. Results revealed that CNSD composites achieved the highest tensile strength (72 MPa), representing a 64
Dental caries is considered as the most common and multifactorial disease worldwide, caused by a variety of oral microorganisms like Streptococcus spp., Veillonella spp., Actinomyces spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus fermentum, which colonize food debris in oral cavities. Of them, Streptococcus mutans is the predominant bacterium and can induce progressive tooth destruction, especially during dentition. The superior characteristics of S. mutans, such as the presence of the cell surface protein P1 and exopolysaccharide-synthesizing enzymes, acid tolerance, biofilm-forming ability mediated by brpA gene, and multidrug resistance, render it a highly virulent pathogen in the etiology of dental caries. Given its significant role in dental caries, extensive research has been conducted over the past few decades, focusing on the development of specific antimicrobial treatments, and other innovative therapeutic approaches. To gain deeper insights into the genetic diversity and epidemiological patterns of S. mutans, various genotypic methods have been developed and successfully employed. By combining the insights gained from genetic studies of S. mutans with the suitable control measures against the biofilm, we can develop innovative and effective strategies for preventing and treating dental caries.
Conventional analytical techniques often rely on harmful chemicals, leading to significant environmental pollution, contamination, and waste generation. Green analytical chemistry aims to develop eco-friendly alternatives, and one of the promising techniques in this field is solid phase microextraction (SPME). As a solvent-free sample preparation method, SPME aligns with the principles of green chemistry by eliminating the need for harmful solvents and minimizing waste production. The versatility of SPME has enabled its effective use in several analytical sample preparation fields including environmental analysis, food analysis, forensic investigation, pharmaceutical analysis, and biomedical research. This technique excels in extracting trace quantities of pharmaceuticals and pesticides from water, soil, and food matrices. In the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors, SPME is invaluable for drug discovery, enabling the extraction of drugs and metabolites from biological samples. This review explored the diverse applications of SPME across multiple disciplines, offering a comprehensive overview of its uses and advancements. It aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, analysts, and industries seeking sustainable approaches in analytical chemistry, highlighting the potential of SPME for fast, green and efficient practices.
