OBJECTIVES:Gonorrhoea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a significant public health challenge due to the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains. The Valencian Region, one of the top tourist destinations in Eastern Spain, has witnessed an increase of over 200% in the number of cases in recent years. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of imported AMR lineages in shaping the local gonococcal population and generating sustained transmission events. METHODS:We analysed 1647 N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected in the Valencian Region between 2012 and 2024 with accompanying phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological data. Genomic data was obtained through high-throughput sequencing and combined with 5894 genomes from national and international isolates. From these, information on typing and genetic AMR determinants was derived. Phylogenomic and statistical inference were used to investigate the local dynamics of this pathogen. RESULTS:Results revealed high levels of AMR, including 63.6% (n = 449/706) ciprofloxacin resistance, 17.7% (n = 195/1102) azithromycin resistance, and 8.4% (n = 66/783) reduced susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone. The two main circulating lineages were NG-STAR CC1615 and CC63, carrying 55.0% (n = 121/220) and 26.5% (n = 45/170) isolates with a mosaic mtr (mosaic mtrD and mtrR promoter), respectively. Phylodynamic analyses identified multiple introductions of AMR lineages into the region leading to sustained transmissions since the 1990s. These lineages significantly carried more isolates with mtr mosaics (OR = 4.17 [3.27-5.34]; p 1.26E-33) and phenotypic resistance to azithromycin (OR = 2.22 [1.60-3.06]; p 1.14E-06), among other antimicrobials. CONCLUSIONS:This study highlights the dynamic evolution and dissemination of AMR N. gonorrhoeae at the local level, highlighting the role of international mobility, sexual networks, and antibiotic usage in shaping resistance patterns. Enhanced genomic surveillance, with special monitoring of mosaic mtr-carrying lineages, together with targeted public health interventions, will be key to curb local and regional spread of resistant gonococcal strains.
Cardiac shotgun injuries affecting the heart, pericardium and great vessels are occasionally encountered in clinical practice. Specifically in Spain, pellet wounds from hunting accidents have increased. The treatment of these injuries is not standardized due to the small number of cases treated in each particular center. We present two consecutive cases of cardiac pellet-gun related injuries treated at our institution with a conservative approach, and favorable outcome.
To evaluate the clinical practice and timing of use of tier-three therapies (TTT) after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to explore their association with intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and 3 months neurological outcome. International multicenter, retrospective, observational, cohort study performed in 16 ICUs including 408 adult TBI patients requiring at least one of the TTT [i.e. metabolic suppression with barbiturates, secondary decompressive craniectomy (DC), and mild hypothermia] for the control of intracranial hypertension during the ICU stay. Among 408 adult TBI patients, secondary DC was the most frequent TTT utilized (n = 297, 72.8
