Transition-metal (TM)-doped MXenes stand out as highly promising earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), paving the way for cost-effective and sustainable green hydrogen generation. This review surveys the latest developments in TM-doped MXene systems for HER, emphasizing how diverse fabrication routes, including in situ incorporation during MAX-phase synthesis and post-etching modifications via atomic layer deposition (ALD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and electrochemical deposition, shape their electronic properties and catalytic efficiency. Insights from d-band center theory, operando spectroscopic techniques, and deliberate active-site tuning are integrated to illustrate pathways toward optimal hydrogen binding energetics (ΔGH* ≈ 0 eV). Benchmark comparisons reveal that carefully engineered TM-doped MXenes frequently deliver overpotentials, Tafel slopes, mass activities, and other metrics that approach or outperform conventional noble-metal catalysts. The review also critically evaluates ongoing limitations, such as susceptibility to oxidation, dopant instability, and nanosheet restacking, while exploring architectural innovations and protective modifications as effective countermeasures. Looking ahead, the discussion highlights transformative opportunities in machine-learning-guided discovery, exploitation of quantum phenomena, and nature-inspired fabrication routes to bridge the gap toward practical, large-scale implementation.
During the acidizing process of petroleum oil wells aimed at increasing oil production, a 15% HCl solution is introduced into the oil well via N80 steel (NS) tubing. This study examines the effectiveness of two pyrrolederived compounds, N2,N4-bis(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxamide (MPTP) and N2,N4-bis(4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2,4-dicarboxamide (CPTP), in inhibiting corrosion on NS in a 15% HCl solution through methods such as weight loss, electrochemical analysis, surface examination, contact angle measurement and computational methods. The investigated pyrrole derivatives (MPTP and CPTP) were synthesized using green chemistry principles, minimizing the use of harmful solvents and reagents. Both inhibitors offer higher inhibition efficiency as compared to most of the similar type of inhibitors reported in literature. MPTP and CPTP offered maximum inhibition efficiencies of 98.1% and 96.4 %, respectively, at 303 K with a dosage of 250 ppm, while retaining significant performance at 333 K (83.02% and 74.3%, respectively). Both MPTP and CPTP demonstrated mixed inhibitory behavior, exhibiting both anodic and cathodic characteristics, and adsorbed onto NS through a mixed adsorption process that follows the Langmuir isotherm. The analyses conducted using FESEM, AFM, and XPS indicated the presence of a protective film formed by the inhibitors, which is responsible for the corrosion inhibition observed on the NS surface. Molecular modeling (DFT, Fukui and Monte Carlo simulation) studies supported the experimental results. Thus investigated inhibitors may find application in petroleum production industry.
This study reports a one-step paste-coated ZnO–PANI MSM photodetector decorated with Ag NPs via photodeposition. The undeposited device achieved a Responsivity of 1.40 A/W, Detectivity of 3.51 × 1013 Jones, and an EQE of 476
The tracheostomy procedure in adults is an invasive intervention usually performed for complicated respiratory problems that cannot be managed conservatively. The proximity of the trachea and esophagus, along with shared pathways, can increase the likelihood of swallowing challenges in individuals with a tracheostomy. A post-tracheostomy care bundle provided by a multidisciplinary service significantly improves decannulation rates and oral diet tolerance. Eleven experts within the Union of European Phoniatricians (UEP) Swallowing Committee were selected based on their experience and practice in the field. Each working group conducted a bibliographic search on the assigned topics using Medline (PubMed), covering articles from the last 10 years or earlier if deemed of interest. Based on bibliographic research, each working group formulated a text supporting the position statements. The reference texts were revised through a series of periodic meetings, held at least quarterly, over a year (from June 2023 to June 2024), until a unanimous agreement was reached for all. A review group reviewed the material produced, providing final suggestions that were incorporated by the panel until the final document was reached, which was then proposed to a group of reviewers from the UEP Board. Dysphagia is a common complication in patients with tracheostomy tubes, with significant implications for patient safety and quality of life. They are susceptible to aspiration, and if it does occur, it is likely to be silent and difficult to detect during a clinical evaluation. It is necessary to prioritize the assessment and management of dysphagia alongside respiratory and ventilator considerations. Addressing swallowing difficulties early in the weaning process can help minimize complications and improve patient outcomes.
This study investigated the foraging success of wintering Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) and Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) in different intertidal habitats along the west coast of India, including mudflats, mangroves, and sand beaches. Behavioural data collected from January 2010 to December 2021 were used to assess prey capture success rates and feeding abundance across these habitats. Significantly higher prey capture success rates were observed in mangroves, compared to mudflats and sand beaches. Eurasian Curlew exhibited higher prey capture success on sand beaches, whereas Bar-tailed Godwit foraged more efficiently in mangroves. These patterns are likely driven by species-specific factors, particularly differences in morphology and foraging strategies. Sediment texture changes and alterations in prey behaviour were identified as primary drivers of the observed patterns. The declining prey capture success rates over the years suggest severe habitat degradation and reduced prey availability. Notably, prey capture success rates increased during the pandemic, highlighting human disturbances' impact. The findings underscore the need for further research to unravel the diet spectrum as an indicator of habitat quality.
